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2019-2020年高中英语Unit1TheworldofoursensesSectionProject教学案牛津译林版必修3原文呈现读文清障Shark attacksThere are nearly 400 different types of sharks, but only about 30 types are known to have attacked human beings.Many people know that the most dangerous shark is the great white shark, probably because they have seen the film Jaws.However， two other sharks are also rather dangerous: the tiger shark and the bull shark.Contrary to what many people might assume， evidence shows that sharks seldom attack humans.There are three types of shark attacks.In the main type, the shark attacks you because it mistakes you for a fish, but when it tastes human flesh it decides to give up and swims away.In the second type, the shark pushes you with its nose to find out if you are fit to be eaten， and then bites you if it thinks you are.In the third type, the shark waits for you to swim by, and then attacks you suddenly.The last two types of attack more often result in the death of humans.shark/k/n.鲨鱼are known to .可转换为It is known that .句式。attack vt.袭击，攻击；抨击；非难；侵袭，损害human being人类because .Jaws是because引导的原因状语从句。jaw/d/n.颌however adv.然而，可是two other另外两个， other与数词连用时，应放在数词的后面；而another与数词连用时，应放在数词的前面。bull/bl/n.公牛contrary/kntrrI/adj.相反的 n相反的事实或情况contrary to 与相反what引导名词性从句，作介词to的宾语。assume vt.假定，设想evidence n证据，证明；迹象mistake .for .把误认为flesh/fle/n.(动物或人的)肉give up放弃if you .是宾语从句。to be eaten是动词不定式的被动形式。if it thinks you are是条件状语从句。result in 导致，结果是result from起因于鲨鱼攻击以上部分译文(世界上)有将近400种不同种类的鲨鱼，但我们知道只有约30种鲨鱼攻击过人类。许多人知道最危险的鲨鱼是大白鲨，也许是因为他们看过电影大白鲨吧。然而，另外两种鲨鱼也相当危险：虎鲨和牛鲨。和许多人可能会认为的正好相反，有证据显示鲨鱼极少攻击人类。鲨鱼攻击人类的情形有三种。一般情形中鲨鱼攻击你是因为它把你错当成了一条鱼，但当它尝出人肉的味道时，就会决定放弃并游开。在第二种情形中，鲨鱼会用鼻子推搡你，以弄清你是否适合被食用，如果它觉得适合，便会咬你。而在第三种情形中，鲨鱼会等待你游过来，然后突然攻击你。后两种攻击类型对人类来说往往是致命的。To reduce the risk of a shark attack, you should follow these suggestions.Do not swim in the dark.Sharks can still see you but you cannot see them.Do not go swimming in the ocean if you have a fresh wound .Sharks can smell blood over a long distance.Do not wear bright clothing or jewellery， because sharks are attracted to the flash of colours and bright objects.Stay in groups, as sharks usually avoid large numbers of people.Recently, shark attacks have been increasing as water sports are being more popular.If a shark attacks you, follow the advice below.Keep calm.Do not panic.Hit the shark on the nose with your fist.Stick your finger in the sharks eye.Dont be frightened by sharks: you are 30 times more likely to be hit by lightning than be attacked by a shark.risk n风险，危险follow vt.遵循suggestion n建议(为可数名词)if you have a fresh wound是if引导的条件状语从句。fresh adj.新鲜的；清新的，凉爽的wound n伤口，创伤vt.使受伤distance n距离jewellery/dulrI/n.珠宝jewel nC珠宝attract/trkt/vt.吸引as sharks .people 是as 引导的原因状语从句。avoid vt.避开，避免avoid后接 ving，不接to do。large numbers of 大量的，许多a (large) number of 与(large) numbers of仅修饰可数名词复数，作主语时谓语动词用复数。as water .popular是as引导的时间状语从句。popular adj.受欢迎的，流行的，通俗的advice n建议(为不可数名词)calm/km/adj.镇静的，沉着的，平静的vt.&vi.使平静panic/pnIk/vi.&n.惊慌，恐慌hit sb.on/in the身体部位，the 不可以换成ones。fist/fIst/n.拳头likely/laIklI/adj.可能的以上部分译文为了降低被鲨鱼攻击的风险，你应该遵循这些建议：不要在黑暗中游泳。鲨鱼仍然能看得见你，而你却看不见它们。如果你有刚受伤的伤口，不要在海洋中游泳。鲨鱼在很远处便能嗅到血腥味。不要穿鲜亮的衣服或佩戴珠宝首饰，因为鲨鱼会被颜色或明亮物体的闪光吸引。集体行动，因为鲨鱼通常会避开人群。最近，随着水上运动更加普及，鲨鱼攻击事件也在持续增多。如果鲨鱼攻击你，遵循以下建议：保持冷静。别惊慌失措。用你的拳头击打鲨鱼的鼻子。用你的手指戳鲨鱼的眼睛。不要害怕鲨鱼：你被闪电击中的几率要比受到鲨鱼袭击的几率大30倍。The wonderful world of pigeonsIt is night.All is quiet.The soldiers are asleep while a guard watches for the enemy.There is a flash, and the sound of guns! They are being attacked! Hundreds of enemy soldiers rush towards them.They are all going to be killed unless they get help.What should they do?An officer writes a short message quickly on a small piece of paper：Being attacked! Hurry！He rolls up the paper and puts it into a small case, and then reaches into a cage and gets a bird.Attaching the message to its leg, he sets the bird loose.It immediately flies into the air and disappears in the dark.Will the bird arrive in time？ Will they be saved？pigeon/pIdIn/n.鸽子soldier/sld(r)/n.士兵while 引导时间状语从句，意为“与同时”。watch for守候，注意rush to/towards sb.向某人冲去unless they get help是unless引导的条件状语从句，unless意为“除非”。roll up卷起来roll/rl/vi.&vt.卷起来；(使)滚动put .into .把装入reach into将手伸进attach .to .把系在/附在上loose/lus/adj.松动的，松开的；宽松的vt.松开，释放immediately adv.立即conj.一就in time及时on time 按时鸽子的奇妙世界第14段译文万籁俱寂的夜晚。除了一名哨兵在站岗放哨，所有士兵都在梦乡。突然一道闪光，枪声四起！他们遭到攻击了！数百名敌军士兵冲向了他们。除非获得救援，否则他们全都会被杀死。他们该怎么办？一名军官飞快地在一张小纸片上写道：“受袭！速援！”他把纸片卷起来，放进一个小盒子里，然后伸手探入一个笼子，捉出一只鸟来。他将信系在它的腿上后，便松开了鸟儿。它立刻飞向天空，消失在黑暗中。这只鸟会及时到达吗？他们会得救吗？Though it may seem hard to believe, the bird the officer uses is the same bird often seen in public parks the pigeon.Pigeons have a wonderful sense of direction and can find their way home over long distances.Indeed， pigeons have been known to fly home from as far away as 1,800 kilometres.That is why pigeons have been used since ancient times to carry the news or even the mail.However, it was in war that they found their greatest use.During both World War and ， pigeons were employed by armies to carry messages to and from the front lines, saving the lives of many soldiers and even helping win some important victories.How do pigeons find their way? Pigeons appear to have a pass inside them that tells them which way is north.How this pass works remains a mystery.Of course, since a pass alone is not enough to find ones way, they also appear to use their sight and even their sense of smell to tell them which way they should go.Unlike humans, they never get lost and can always find their way home.though引导让步状语从句；the officer uses is the .parks是省略了关系代词that/which的定语从句，修饰bird；seen in public parks是过去分词短语作后置定语。a sense of direction方向感indeed adv.的确；确实ancient times古代，上古时代why引导表语从句，注意：在That is why .句型中why后接结果。it was in war that they found their .是强调句型。employ/ImplI/vt.使用；雇用saving .soldiers与helping .victories是现在分词短语作结果状语。pass/kmps/n.罗盘；指南针that .north是that引导的定语从句，修饰a pass; which way is north是which引导的宾语从句。How this pass works是how引导的主语从句。remain linkv.仍然是，保持不变be (not) enough to do sth.(不)足够做某事tell vt.分辨出；辨别which way they should go是which引导的宾语从句。unlike/nlaIk/prep.不像；与不同get lost迷路第56段译文虽然这似乎令人难以置信，但是那名军官所用的鸟儿和我们常在公园里看到的一种鸟是相同的鸽子。鸽子有着极强的方向感，能从很远的地方找到回家的路。确实，据知鸽子能飞行远达1 800千米回到家。这就是鸽子自古以来就被用于携带消息甚至邮件的原因。然而，它们的最大用途却是在战争中被发现的。在第一次世界大战和第二次世界大战期间，鸽子被军方用来和前线往返传递信息，挽救了许多士兵的生命，甚至帮助赢得了一些重要的胜利。鸽子是怎么认路的呢？鸽子体内似乎有一只罗盘，告诉它们何处是北。这个罗盘是如何工作的仍然是个谜。当然，由于仅靠一只罗盘还不足以认路，它们似乎也使用视觉乃至嗅觉去辨明应该走哪条路。和人类不同，它们从不迷路，总是能找到回家的路。Step 1Read the text and choose the best answers.1How many types of sharks have attacked humans?ANearly 400 types.BAbout 30 types.COnly one type. DThree types.2If you are going to swim in the sea, _.Ayoud better stay with othersByou should wear brightcolored swimming suitsCyou must carry a stick with youDyoud better make yourself not fit to be eaten3Which one doesnt belong to the three types of shark attacks?AThe shark mistakes you for a fish.BThe shark finds out you are fit to be eaten and bites you.CThe shark waits for you to swim by and attacks you suddenly.DThe shark attacks you when it tastes human flesh.4We can conclude from the passage that _.Apeoples scares to sharks mainly e from the movie “Jaws”Bmore people die of drowning or lightningCknowing the ways sharks attack people and the ways to save oneself can prevent the attacks totallyDthe attack events from the sharks are the main topics of the passage5Why have shark attacks been increasing recently?ABecause more people like wearing bright clothing or jewellery.BBecause fewer people are trying and staying in groups.CBecause you cant see the shark in the dark while it can see you.DBecause water sports are being more popular.答案：15BADBDStep 2Fill in each blank with only one word according to the text.Shark attacksAbout sharksNearly 400 types of sharks.About 30 types are reported to have attacked humans.Three types of 1.dangerous sharks: the great white shark, the tiger shark and the bull shark.Three types of shark attacksThe shark 2.mistakes you for a fish and attacks you, but when it tastes human flesh, it gives up.The shark 3.bites you if it thinks you are fit to be eaten.The shark waits for you to swim by, and then attacks you all of a 4.sudden.5.Advice/ Suggestions on how to reduce the risk of a shark attackDont swim in the 6.dark/darkness.Dont swim in the ocean if you have a fresh 7.wound.Dont wear bright clothing or jewellery.Stay in groups.What to do if a shark attack happensKeep calm.Dont get into a 8.panic.Hit the shark on the nose with your fist.9.Stick your finger in the sharks eye.10.Chances of being attacked by a sharkYou are 30 times more likely to be hit by lightning than be attacked by a shark.一、这样记单词记得准写得对记得快记得多.基础词汇1.contraryadj.相反的n. 相反的事实或情况2.calmadj. 镇静的，沉着的，平静的v. 镇静，使平静3.panicvi.&n. 惊慌，恐慌4.rollv. 卷起来；(使)滚动5.looseadj. 松动的，松开的；宽松的vt. 松开，释放6passn. 罗盘；指南针7.unlikeprep. 不像；与不同.拓展词汇1.attractvt.吸引attraction n吸引，吸引力，吸引物attractive adj.有吸引力的2.likelyadj.可能的unlikely adj.不可能的3.employvt.使用；雇用employment n雇用employee n雇工，雇员employer n雇主1.“静”观其变calm平静的，镇静的quiet 寂静的，安静的peaceful 平静的，和平的cool 冷静的still 静止不动的2.巧记以“oose”结尾的单词后院一群goose 鹅一个一个choose 挑选把头塞进noose 绳套结果绳索loose 松弛的3.语境巧记employ派生词The employer decided to employ Tom as her secretary and she hoped to have a talk with her employees about his employment before he came to work.雇主决定雇用汤姆做她的秘书，她希望在他来上班之前和她的雇员们谈一下关于他的雇用。二、这样记短语记牢固定短语多积常用词块1.contrary to与相反2different types of 不同类型的3mistake .for . 把误认为4be fit to_do 适合做5follow the advice 采纳建议6result in 导致7watch for 观察等待(某人出现或发生某事)8roll up 卷起来1.human beings人类，人2to reduce the risk 为了减少风险3over a long distance 从很远处4water sports 水上运动5a short message 一条短消息/短信6set the bird loose 把鸟放飞7in public parks 在公园8since ancient times 自从古代起三、这样记句式先背熟再悟通后仿用1.Dont be frightened by sharks：you are 30 times more likely to be hit by lightning than be attacked by a shark.不要害怕鲨鱼：你被闪电击中的几率要比受到鲨鱼袭击的几率大30倍。“30 times more .than”是“倍数比较级”的用法。Sound travels more than four_times_faster in water than in air.声音在水中传播的速度是在空气中传播速度的4倍多。2.However, it was in war that they found their greatest use.然而，它们的最大用途却是在战争中被发现的。“it was .that .”是强调句型。It_was_in_Asia_that the worlds greatest cultures had their birth.世界上最伟大的文化都起源于亚洲。3.Though it may seem hard to believe, the bird the officer uses is the same bird often seen in public parks the pigeon.虽然这似乎令人难以置信，但是那名军官所用的鸟儿和我们常在公园里看到的一种鸟是相同的鸽子。though引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管，虽然”。Though_I_know_Mum_is_the_most_important_person in my world, I just cant do what she likes me to do.(xx重庆高考书面表达)尽管我知道妈妈是我生命中最重要的人，可是我还是不能做她想让我做的事情。1(教材P18)Contrary to what many people might assume, evidence shows that sharks seldom attack humans.与许多人可能会认为的正好相反，有证据显示鲨鱼极少攻击人类。contrary adj.相反的n.相反的事实或情况be contrary to与相反to the contrary 相反on the contrary 与此相反；恰恰相反What he told me was the contrary of what you told me.他告诉我的和你告诉我的正好相反。The game ended in a victory for their school, which was quite contrary to prediction.比赛以他们学校的胜利而告终，这与当初的预测大相径庭。I shall continue to believe it until I get proof to_the_contrary.在我未得到相反的证据之前，我会继续相信它。This meeting is not a success; on_the_contrary,_it is a total failure.这个会议开得并不成功，相反，是完全失败的。2(教材P18)Do not wear bright clothing or jewellery, because sharks are attracted to the flash of colours and bright objects.不要穿鲜亮的衣服或佩戴珠宝首饰，因为鲨鱼会被颜色或明亮物体的闪光吸引。attract vt.吸引(1)attract sb.to sth.吸引某人关注某事attract sb.s attention/attract the attention of sb.吸引某人的注意(2)attractive adj. 漂亮的，悦耳的，诱人的attraction n. 吸引，吸引力，有吸引力的事物If you want to attract more customers, try advertising in the local paper.如果你要吸引更多顾客，就试着在当地报纸登广告。The bright lights and noisy music attracted the children to the hall.明亮的灯光和喧闹的音乐把孩子们吸引到了大厅。I came to the sea and a golden beach attracted_my_attention/attracted the attention of me.我来到大海边，那一片金黄的沙滩吸引了我的注意。Venice is one of the great tourist attractions (attract) of the world.威尼斯是世界上最令人向往的旅游胜地之一。3(教材P18)Keep calm.保持镇静。calm adj.镇静的，沉着的，平静的vt.&vi. 使平静，镇静(1)keep/remain/stay calm保持冷静(2)calm down (使)平静下来，(使)镇静下来calm sb./oneself down 使某人/自己平静下来(3)calmly adv. 安静地；平静地；冷静地calmness n. 安静；冷静；沉着First of all, try to keep calm at the interview.首先，面试时要保持镇静。Calm_down;_theres nothing to worry about.冷静点儿，没有什么好担心的。The television announcer read the news calmly (calm)电视播音员平静地念了这则新闻。辨析比较calm, still, quiet, silentcalm“平静的，沉着的”，指无风浪或人的心情不激动still“静止的，不动的”，指没有运动或动作的状态quiet“宁静的，安静的”，指没有声音，不吵闹或心里没有烦恼、焦虑silent“寂静的，沉默的，不发声的”，指没有声音或不讲话选用上述单词填空When facing danger, one should keep calm;_when taken photos of, one should keep still;_when someone else is asleep, one should keep quiet;_when in class, one shouldnt keep silent about the teachers questions.面对危险时，应该保持镇静；照相时，要保持不动；当其他人睡觉时，应保持安静；在课堂上，对老师的问题不应保持沉默。4(教材P18)Do not panic.别惊慌失措。panic vi.&n.惊慌，恐慌vt.(使)恐慌(1)panic sb.into doing sth.使某人仓促行动panic over/about/at . 因而恐慌(2)in (a) panic 惊恐地；惊慌地get into a panic 陷入惊(恐)慌throw .into a panic 使恐慌There was a panic when the building caught fire.大楼起火时，人们一片惊慌。He panicked and ran as fast as he could to safety.他很惊慌，尽快跑到了安全地方。The protests became more violent and many people were panicked into leaving the country.抗议变得更加激烈，吓得许多人离开了那个国家。She got_into_a_panic when she thought shed forgotten the passport.当她想起忘了带通行证时，顿时惊慌起来。名师点津panic的过去式和过去分词都是panicked，现在分词是panicking。5(教材P18)Dont be frightened by sharks: you are 30 times more likely to be hit by lightning than be attacked by a shark.不要害怕鲨鱼：你被闪电击中的几率要比受到鲨鱼袭击的几率大30倍。likely adj.可能的adv.很可能，大概Sb./Sth.be likely to do sth.某人/物可能做某事It be likely that . 可能not likely 绝不可能The most likely explanation is that his plane was delayed.最可能的解释是他的飞机晚点了。 It is raining hard.They very likely (like) wont e.雨下得很大。他们很可能不会来了。It_is_very_likely_that he will not agree to our plan.他很可能不会同意我们的计划。辨析比较likely, possible, probablelikely指从表面迹象来判断，表面上看来有可能。常用结构：Sth./Sb.is likely to do sth.; Its likely that .possible指客观上有可能，也许实际发生的可能性并不大。常用结构：It is possible (for sb.) to do sth.; It is possible that .probable表示有几分根据的推测，比possible表示的可能性大，一般不用表示人的词作主语。常用结构： It is probable that .likely, possible和probable三者均表示“可能的”，可能性由大到小依次为：选用上述单词填空It is possible that it will rain, but with such a blue sky it doesnt seem probable.In that case, we are likely to go climbing this afternoon.6(教材P19)He rolls up the paper and puts it into a small case, and then reaches into a cage and gets a bird.他把纸片卷起来，放进一个小盒子里，然后伸手探入一个笼子，捉出一只鸟来。roll up卷起来；到达；(转动把手)关闭roll over从(边上)滚下；(使)翻滚roll sth.down 摇开，旋开roll in 大量涌入；滚滚而来She rolled up her sleeves and began to prepare supper.她卷起袖子开始准备晚餐。Bill finally rolled up two hours late.比尔终于来了，迟到了两个小时。Later the man rolled_over on his back and slept.后来，这个人翻了一个身，仰面睡着了。The waves rolled in to the beach.海浪滚滚而来，涌向海滩。名师点津识记下列“v.up”短语：give up放弃take up 从事；拿起；继续make up 组成，构成turn up 出现，到场pick up 搭起；收听；无意中学会set up 建立；成立put up 建造；张贴send up 发射7(教材P19)During both World War and ， pigeons were employed by armies to carry messages to and from the front lines, saving the lives of many soldiers and even helping win some important victories.在一战和二战期间，鸽子被军方用来和前线往返传递信息，挽救了许多士兵的生命，甚至帮助赢得了一些重要的胜利。employ vt.使用；雇用；利用(1)employ sb.as .雇某人担任employ sb.to do sth. 雇某人做某事employ oneself in doing sth./on sth. 从事于/忙于(做)某事(2)employee n. 雇员，雇工employer n. 雇主，老板employment n. 雇用；受雇These drugs were customarily employed to treat the disease.以前这些药通常用来治疗这种疾病。Mary is employed as a salesgirl in a shop.玛丽受雇于一家商店做销售员。Instead of wasting time, she employed herself (her) in reading.她专心致志地看书，不白白浪费时间。If you are_employed by a pany, you are an employee.(employ)如果你被一家公司雇用，你就是一名雇员。名师点津类似于“employ(雇用)employee(雇工)employer(雇主)”的英语单词还有：interviewintervieweeinterviewer 面试面试者面试官traintraineetrainer训练受训者训练员examineexamineeexaminer检查受检查者检查员1Dont be frightened by sharks: you are 30 times more likely to be hit by lightning than be attacked by a shark.不要害怕鲨鱼：你被闪电击中的几率要比受到鲨鱼袭击的几率大30倍。句中30 times more likely .是倍数表达法的具体运用。常见的倍数表达方式有：(1).倍数adj./adv.的比较级than .(2).倍数what从句 .(3).倍数asadj./adv.as .(4).倍数as many/muchn.as .(5).倍数the size/length/width/height/depth/weight等of .Industrial prices have risen three times more quickly than agricultural ones.工业产品在价格增长的速度上是农业产品的三倍。The production now is three times what it was ten years ago.现在的产量是十年前的三倍。Our new school is four_times_as_big_as the old one.我们的新学校是老学校的四倍大。We had three times as many people as we expected.来的人是我们预料人数的三倍。The earth is 49 times the size of the moon.地球的大小是月球的四十九倍。2However, it was in war that they found their greatest use.然而，它们的最大用途却是在战争中被发现的。本句中it was .that .是一个强调句型，此句强调了地点状语in war。强调句型的常用形式：(1)陈述句形式：It is/was被强调成分that/who其他成分(2)一般疑问句形式：Is/Was it被强调成分that/who其他成分？(3)特殊疑问形式：特殊疑问词is/was it that其他成分？(4)not until强调句式：It is/was not until .that其他成分It is in the hall that they have had a meeting.他们是在礼堂举行了会议。It_was last summer that I graduated from the university.我是去年夏天从那所大学毕业的。Was_it_yesterday_that they attended a lecture about the environmental protection?是在昨天他们听了一个关于环保的报告吗？What is it that causes the change in seasons? 是什么造成的季节的变化？ It_was_not_until yesterday that I learned it.直到昨天我才听说这件事。名师点津“its .that .”强调句型：(1)不用于强调谓语动词；(2)强调主语且指人时that 可换成who；(3)去掉“its”“that/who”后句子结构仍完整。.单句语法填空1As a citizen, we mustnt do anything to harm our city.On the contrary, we should obey the city rules and protect the city environments.2To be honest, Beijing is a most popular tourist attraction (attract) to me.3My favorite color is blue.I like light blue very much because it usually makes me calm (calmly)4. I couldnt imagine what would be the result if he were panicked (panic)5It is likely that they can understand us better and give us some reasonable advice.6Recently, weve had a heated argument about the suggestion that our school employ a foreign teacher to_teach (teach) English.完成句子1这本词典的厚度是你从图书馆借的那本的5倍。This dictionary is five_times_as_thick_as_the_one you borrowed from the library.2在学生中引起极大的兴趣的正是这位著名作家以及他的作品。It_is_the_famous_writer_and_his_works_that have aroused great interest among the students.3尽管我们过着更好的生活，但是我们的健康现在正变得糟糕。Though_we_lead_a_better_life,_our health is being worse now.4很多动物缩成一团来保暖。Many animals roll_up_into_a_ball for warmth.一、全练语言点，基稳才能楼高本课语言点针对练习.单词拼写1Contrary (相反的) to the old warning that time waits for no one, time slows down when you are on the move.2. The professor began the lecture with an interesting English story, which attracted (吸引) the attention of all the students at once.3. Selfreflection means slowing down and calming (使镇静) yourself.4In addition, we are more likely (可能的) to make new friends on our journey.5He was in a great panic (恐慌) when he saw many people picking up the money.6The snow is very loose (松散的) and there is a lot of air in it.7Many graduates are employed (雇用) in the electronics and puting industries.8Unli
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