2019年高考英语大一轮复习 第一部分 Unit 3 Inventors and inventions课下作业 新人教版选修8.doc

2019年高考英语大一轮复习 第一部分 Unit 3 Inventors and inventions课下作业 新人教版选修8.情景默写1The only way not to fall down into the valley is to seize (抓住)the big branch.2I have a set of stainless (不锈的)knives and forks.3The heroine plays an essentially passive (消极的)role in the drama.4To my joy，the quality of our new refrigerator is very stable (可靠的)5One could hear them singing and dancing merrily (高兴地)out in the street.6It was hard to distinguish (辨别)one twin from the other.7He ate a light lunch in expectation (期望)of a good dinner.8These notes should be carefully filed (归档)away for future reference.9When listening to the music，she tapped (轻敲)her fingers gently on the table.10The patient was afraid she wouldnt be able to bear (忍受)the pain.11He gradually developed the petence (能力)to deal with the more difficult cases.12This new job is a further extension (延伸)of his role as a manager.13There were three people in the helicopter (直升飞机)when it crashed.14The process is essentially dynamic (动态的)with ideas and feedback flowing both ways.15The swimmer dived_into (跳入)the river to save the drowning child.16The government has set_out (开始)to make many needed reforms.17Sorry to hear that youve failed the exam.If only you had set_about (开始)doing some revision earlier.18Many memories of old times were called_up (使想起)by the conversation we had together that evening.19Its the love and responsibility that have driven him to get_through (度过)many hardships and survive.20The engines of the ship were out_of_order (发生故障)and the bad weather added to the helplessness of the crew at sea.词性转换1She was unable to make a positive identification (identify)of the suspect.2When he could stand it no longer，he rose abruptly (abrupt)to his feet.3He took measures to make up his fault，which received our recognition (recognize)4When the ice is heated above freezing (freeze)point，it begins to change into a liquid state.5Your suggestion sounds reasonable and practical (practice)I think it deserves to be discussed at the next meeting.6The merciless king showed no mercy and killed all the prisoners.(mercy)7If nobody can prove your innocence，how can you say you are innocent？(innocent)8He is a cautious man and is always doing things with cautionYou should get on with him cautiously(cautious)9You can visit Professor Li when it is convenient，that is，at his convenienceHis house is conveniently near the bus stop.(convenient)10In western countries，the number “thirteen” is usually associated with bad luck，but actually there isnt any association between them.(associate)1句型公式：so.that.意为“如此以至于”，引导结果状语从句他的计划如此实用以至于我们大家都同意接受它。His plan was so_practical_that_we_all_agreed_to_accept_it2句型公式：only状语 (从句)位于句首部分倒装只有当他离开家时他才意识到他的家是多么的好。Only when he was away from home did_he_realize how nice his home was.3句型公式：祈使句and陈述句给我一次机会，我会给你一个惊喜。Give_me_a_chance，and_Ill_give you a pleasant surprise.第一板块 核心词汇1bear vt.(bore，borne)忍受；忍耐；负担；生育；结果实高考必刷题练透写出下列句中bear的含义/完成句子Why do I have to bear all the costs of repair? 负担；承担 He cant bear being laughed at in public. 忍受 She did bear a healthy baby in hospital yesterday. 生育 Some of the newlyplanted apple trees have also begun to bear. 结果实 I cant bear young_people_casting_away their youth.我无法忍受年轻人虚掷青春。Bear_in_mind_that success es from hard work.记住成功来自于勤奋。状元笔记全记牢(1)cant bear doing/to do sth.不能忍受做某事cant bear sb./sb.s doing sth.不能忍受某人做某事(2)bear a heavy burden肩负重担bear responsibility/the blame承担责任/受责备(3)bear/keep sth.in mind 记住bear/keep in mind that.记住(4)unbearable adj.难以忍受的2seize vt.抓住；捉住；夺取；攻占高考必刷题练透单句语法填空/完成句子The rumours were eagerly seized upon/on by the local press.The engine suddenly seized up when we were working attentively.As a high school student，I will seize_every_chance_to_study_hard and prepare myself for the future.作为一名高中生，我将抓住所有的机会好好学习，为未来做好准备。状元笔记全记牢seize sb.by the collar/the arm抓住某人的衣领/胳膊seize up (机器等)卡住，停止运转grasp/seize a chance to do.抓住机会做seize on/upon利用，抓住 (可利用的事物)3associate vt.联想；联系n同伴，伙伴高考必刷题练透单句语法填空/句型转换We naturally associate the name of Darwin with the theory of evolution.There are many serious health problems associated with smoking.There are many serious health problems which are associated with smoking.There are many serious health problems in association with smoking.状元笔记全记牢(1)associate.with.使与联系起来；合伙associate with sb.与某人交往/共事be associated with与有关(2)association n联合；联想；交往；协会；团体in association with 与联合；与有关联4distinguish vt.& vi.显示的差别；使有所不同；辨别高考必刷题练透单句语法填空/句式升级Its important for children to distinguish right from wrong.As far as I know，Ning Zetao has already distinguished himself (he)as a swimmer in the world.Elephants are_distinguished (distinguish)from other animals by their long noses.He was distinguished for his knowledge of economics and was elected as head of the economic school.Distinguished_for_his_knowledge_of_economics，he was elected as head of the economic school.(用过去分词短语作状语)状元笔记全记牢(1)distinguish.from.使有别于distinguish oneself (as.) (作为)表现突出(2)distinguished adj.卓越的；著名的；杰出的be distinguished for.因而出名be distinguished as.作为而出名5set about开始，着手 (后接动词ing形式)；出发；动身高考必刷题练透单句语法填空That evening he set about writing (write)a report on pollution.On their arrival，they set out to_read (read)the English books they brought with themselves.If you want to catch that train，wed better set off/out for the station immediately.状元笔记全记牢set off出发，侧重于去某个地方set out出发，开始，侧重于开始做某事，后加不定式set about开始，着手，与set out意思相近，后加v.ing形式6get through完成；通过；接通电话；度过 (时间)；用完高考必刷题练透写出下列句子中get through的含义Its going to be hard to get through the next couple of days. 度过 Ive got through the driving test recently. 通过 I tried ringing you several times yesterday but I couldnt get through. 打通电话 As soon as I get through with my work Ill join you. 做完 How did you get through all that money in two days? 用完 状元笔记全记牢get along with与某人相处；进展get away with sth.携某物潜逃；不因某事受惩罚get down to (doing) sth.开始(做)某事；认真处理某事get over越过；克服 (困难)第二板块 经典句式7祈使句and陈述句高考必刷题练透句型转换Work hard，and you will succeed.Working hard，you will succeed.If you work hard，you will succeed.Work hard，or/otherwise you will fail in your exams.If you dont work hard，youll fail in your exams.You will fail in your exams unless you work hardIf he takes one more step，the baby will fall into the well.One more step，and the baby will fall into the well.状元笔记全记牢(1)“祈使句and/or/otherwise陈述句”为常见句型。该结构中的祈使句相当于一个if引导的条件状语从句，and/or/otherwise之后的句子相当于主句，所以用一般将来时。(2)在该句型中，祈使句有时也可用名词短语表示。.课文语法填空When the writer called up her mother in the countryside 1.on the phone，she learned that snakes came near their house and that the snakes 2.seemed (seem) to have made their home there.The writer felt proud and considered 3.it a chance for her to distinguish herself by inventing something merciful that would catch snakes but not harm them.She set about 4.researching (research) the habits of snakes.She decided to cool them so that they could be easily caught.5.However，her first two plans were not successful.As 6.a result，she had to attempt a 7.third (three) time，which helped her fulfill her aim 8.successfully (success).9.Pressed (press) by her friends and relations，she decided to send her 10.invention (invent) to the patent office to get recognition for her successful idea.课文概要写作细读本单元Reading部分，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的概要。【参考范文】The girls mother was upset by some snakes in their courtyard.(要点1)To trap the snakes at home，the girl attempted three different ways.(要点2)Her first and second attempt failed，but she succeeded in trapping the snakes at her third attempt.(要点3)After her success，she decided to send her invention to the patent office for recognition.(要点4).课文话题写作一、用本单元所学知识补全短文I was doing an experiment when Li Hua called_me_up (给我打电话)，telling me he wouldnt e on time because of the traffic jam.After ringing_off (挂断电话)，I set about working.Abruptly (abrupt)，the experiment was out_of_order (次序颠倒)Then my teacher came in，and encouraged me to face challenges bravely.Meanwhile (however/meanwhile)，he suggested that I should associate_the experiment with_what_I_had_learned_in_class (把课堂上所学知识与实验联系起来)His words encouraged me to dive_into_the_experiment (潜心做实验)Besides，his suggestion was practical (practice)I did it carefully.Finally，I got_through (完成) with it successfully.I was grateful to my teacher.Im determined to study hard to live_up_to_his_expectations (达到他的期望)二、按要求升级短文1用本单元的高级词汇升级短文中的加黑词汇(1)set about workingset_out_to_work(2)carefullycautiously/with_caution 2用高级表达升级短文中的句子(1)用强调句型改写句It_was_his_words_that encouraged me to dive into the experiment.(2)用so.that.结构连接句、句I was so_grateful_to_my_teacher_that Im determined to study hard to live up to his expectations.阅读理解A(xx金丽衢十二校联考)Mike Godwin is an American lawyer and author who invented “Godwins Law” in 1990 when he made the following statement：As an online discussion grows longer，a parison involving Nazis or Hitler is very likely to be made.Godwins Law is applicable to online discussions in forums，chat rooms and on blogs.The term has earned a place in the Oxford English Dictionary：Godwins Law，noun.A facetious aphorism (有趣的格言) maintaining that as an online debate increases in length，it bees certain that someone will eventually pare someone or something to Adolf Hitler or the Nazis.Although coined to describe an Internet phenomenon，the term is being applied to the use of “the Nazi card” in other contexts.A plaint by many forum users is that the socalled law is ending the discussion.One makes a Nazi parison and another cries，“You said Hitler，so I win！”At that point，the discussion ends.The term has created a verb “to Godwin”as in “You Godwined this discussion！”The mention of Godwins Law has e to be seen as a way to end an online discussion.Here is a plaint voiced by a forum user：It seems like Godwins Law is being a real problem for any sort of discussion on the internet.Whenever Hitler，or Nazis，is brought up in a discussion，the discussion is then over and the poster who mentioned the subject is laughed at.This would be a problem if people mention Godwins Law when the Hitler/Nazi mention is relevant to the topic at hand.【语篇导读】本文是说明文，介绍了高德温法则的来历及意义，并举例对其进行了说明。1What will certainly happen according to“Godwins Law”if the online discussion is lengthened?AThe debaters will maintain their justice.BThe debaters will mention Hitler or Nazis.CThe debaters will earn a place in the forum.DThe debaters will bee very sick and tired.答案B推理判断题。根据第二段中的“as an online.it bees certain that someone will eventually pare someone or something to Adolf Hitler or the Nazis”可知，如果在线讨论的时间变长，那么参加讨论的人肯定会提到希特勒或者纳粹分子，故选B。2What does the underlined word“coined”in the third paragraph mean probably?ABuilt.BAdapted.CClassified.DInvented.答案D词义猜测题。画线词所在句的主语为the term，指Godwins Law，虽然创造这个术语的目的是描述一种网络现象，但是现在它正在被用在其他地方。故画线词表示“创造(新词语)”，选D。3What is the mention of “Godwins Law” viewed as in a discussion?AA way of objection.BA way of plaint.CA way of ending it.DA way of creating words.答案C细节理解题。根据倒数第一段中的“The mention of Godwins Law has e to be seen as a way to end an online discussion”可知选C。BThe Coolest InventionsAn Oceans VacuumTheres a collection of plastic trash in the middle of the Pacific Ocean.Its bigger than Texasand growing.The way to clean it up now is to catch it with nets.That is both costly and slow.Instead，the Ocean Cleanup Project proposes a 62milelong floating barrier that would use natural currents to trap trash.If next years trials succeed，a full cleanup operation would aim to start in xx.It could reduce the trash by 42% over 10 years.EasyOn ShoesIn xx，Matthew Walzer，a high school student with a disability，sent a note to Nike.“My dream is to go to college，”he wrote，“without having to worry about someone ing to tie my shoes every day.”Nike assigned a design team to the challenge.This year，they came out with their solution: the FlyEase.The basketball shoe can be fastened with one hand.A pair of Nike FlyEase shoes sells for $130.An Airport for Drones (无人机)As Amazon，Google，and others get ready for drone delivery service，there is one big question: What kinds of home bases will their drones have? Rwanda，in Africa，may have the answer.There，workers will soon start work on three “drone ports.” The goal is to make it easier to transport food，medical supplies，electronics，and other goods through the hilly countryside.Construction is set to be pleted in xx.【语篇导读】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了几项最新的发明。4Whats the advantage of the Oceans Vacuum?AIt can be a moneysaver.BIt can grow year by year.CIt can tear plastic into pieces.DIt can be put into wide use soon.答案A细节理解题。第一段中说到传统用网打捞塑料的方法既费钱又慢，由此可知，借助自然的力量打捞塑料的方法要快捷省钱。5What do we know about Nike?AIt offers free shoes to the disabled.BIt is designing new shoes frequently.CIt provides customerfriendly services.DIt responded to Matthews request passively.答案C推理判断题。Matthew Walzer身患残疾，系鞋带不方便，给耐克公司寄去信件后，耐克公司积极回应并设计出了一款可以单手系的鞋带，由此可以推断耐克公司以客户需求为中心。6Why is Rwanda setting up “drone ports”？ABecause road travel there is rough.BBecause there are too many drones.CBecause theyre easier to construct than roads.DBecause they are receptive to new technology.答案A细节理解题。由最后一段倒数第二句可知，因为陆路运输不便，卢旺达决定建无人机机场。.阅读七选五(xx嘉兴市高三第二次教学质量检测)We know that choosing a college major can be extremely hard._1_ However，it is a challenge to pick one when it feels as if the rest of your adult life is riding on that choice.It is a big mitment，but its not a life sentence.Many graduates pursue careers that arent directly related to their college majors，or change careers after several years.You may choose to base your decision on any of these factors：Dream job _2_ Maybe you already know that you want to be a nurse，a day trader，a physician，or a web developer.Before you declare，take a class or two in the relevant discipline，talk to students in the department of your choice.Great ambitionAccording to PayScale，the majors that lead to the highest salaries include just about any type of engineering，actuarial mathematics，puter science，physics，statistics，government and economics.Keep your quality of life in mind，too._3_ _4_ Some students choose a major simply because they love the subject matter.If you love what youre studying，youre more likely to fully engage with your classes and college experience._5_ If your calling is philosophy，dont write it off just because youre not sure about graduate school，or what the job market holds for philosophers.ALove project.BThe academy of the School.CMany schools offer hundreds of choices.DScience is a specific subject that college students specialize in.EThat can mean better grades and great relationships with others in your field.FThat seven figure salary may not be worth it if youre not happy at the office.GSome students choose a major because it will prepare them for a specific career path or advanced study.【语篇导读】本文是议论文。短文主要论述了影响选择大学主修科目的因素并给出了一些合理化的建议。1C由上一句的内容及下文中“to pick one”这一关键词可以推断C项符合语境。2G本段小标题是Dream job，接下来列举了nurse，day trader，physician和web developer等职业，这与G项中的special career相吻合。故答案选G。3F前文提到工程学、应用数学和计算机科学等高收入专业，the highest salaries与选项F中的seven figure salary相呼应。因此答案为F。4A联系前面的两个小标题，可将答案锁定在A、B之间。由于下文的论述中反复出现love一词。故可知A项正确。5E前文的意思是说，有些学生凭热爱选择自己的主修学科，这样就极有可能会全身心地投入其中。这也就意味着他们会在这一领域取得更好的成绩。E项内容恰好与此相符。.语法填空World Hello Day，which falls on November 21st，may sound extremely 1._ (base)，as it encourages us to take the chance to greet people，and to recognize 2._ important clear，honest munication is in our daily lives.The story of how it began，however，is a long and meaningful one.In the 1970s，the conflict 3._Egypt and Israel was quite severe，4._ (make) many people fear another huge war would break out.In 1973，World Hello Day was first created to show people，especially the people of the Middle East，that conflicts could and should be settled through munication，but not，5._ (violent)Since its creation，World Hello Day 6._ (celebrate) in 180 countries.7._ (citizen) of each of these countries take advantage of this time 8._ (express) their concerns for world peace.Anyone can participate in World Hello Day.You 9._ (simple)have to say hello to at least 10 people during that one day.You are supposed to send a message of openness and goodwill to others，10._the creators of the holiday hoped this small gesture alone could help settle disputes (争论)and prevent conflicts.【语篇导读】本文介绍了世界问候日的由来和意义。1basic空格中所填单词作系动词sound的表语，需用base的形容词形式。2howhow引导宾语从句，意为“多么”。3betweenconflict between A and B的意思是“A和B之间的冲突”。4makingmake与逻辑主语the conflict之间是主动关系，故此处用现在分词。5violence空格中所填单词在句中作介词through的宾语，需用violent的名词形式。6has been celebrated主语是谓语动词celebrate的承受者，需用被动语态，再根据since可知，此处应用现在完成时的被动形式。7Citizens谓语动词用复数，作主语的名词也应用复数，句首单词首字母应大写。8to expressto express their concerns for world peace是不定式短语作目的状语。9simply空格中所填单词在句中修饰谓语动词，故用simple的副词形式。10and空格前后两句之间意义上是顺承关系，故用and连接。