2019-2020年高二英语Unit14 Warming up.doc

2019-2020年高二英语Unit14 Warming up思维拓展 for free 免费地free from 摆脱的be free to do sth. 随意做某事 1.Freedom fighters 自由战士 freedom U & C 自由；独立自主。例如： freedom of speech 言论自由 freedom of religion 信仰自由 have the freedom to do 有的自由form C U 形状；形式；表格。例如：literary form 文学形式fill in a form 填表思维拓展 2.Formed an organization for black leaders to work together in 1957. 在1957年，为了让黑人领导者一起工作而建立了一个组织团体。 form vt. 组成；形成，构成。例如： Steam forms when water boils. 水沸腾时会产生水蒸气。 Six people form a group. 六个人构成一个组。思维拓展 3.Received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1963.Nobel n. 诺贝尔（18331896，瑞典化学家；炸药的发明者；诺贝尔奖金的设立者） 在1963年获得了诺贝尔和平奖。 Nobel Peace Prize 诺贝尔和平奖。例如： Madame Curie won two Nobel Prizes. 居里夫人两次获得了诺贝尔奖。Listening思维拓展 1.The Negro was not forbidden.Negro/black 辨析：Negro 一般认为含有轻蔑之意；一般用black people。女性黑人称为Negress。 黑人是不被禁止的。 Negro C 黑人，黑种人（复数形式是Negroes） 例如： American Negroes invented jazz. 美国黑人发明爵士乐。revolutionary adj.革命的revolutionist n. 革命者思维拓展 2.The hurricanes of revolution will continue to shake the foundations of the 革命的飓风将继续动摇的基础。 revolution U & C 革命；彻底的改革。例如： The revolution broke out. 革命爆发了。 He has lived through two revolutions.要点提炼 他经历了两次革命。judge from/by以判断judge to be 认为是judge that 判断，认为judging from/by由观察，由判断之 3.They will not be judged by the color of their skin. 不能根据他们的肤色来判断他们。 judge v.（根据）下判断；审判；裁决。 例如： You cant judge a person by his appearance. 你不该以貌取人。 I judge that he is the best man for the job. 我认为他是这个工作的最佳人选。 I judge it to be better to tell him. 我认为最好告诉他。 Judging from what he said, he must be an honest man. 由他所说的来判断，他一定是个诚实的人。思维拓展 4.We will be able to join hands.join in (sth. /doing sth.) 参加（活动）join up with sb. /sth.与会合或相聚join battle 交战 我们将可以协力合作。 join hands vi. 携手，协力（合作）；合伙。例如： We should join hands to fight against the SARS. 我们应该携手共战非典。 He joined hands with his brother to start their own pany. 他和他的弟弟联手共建一家公司。Speaking思维拓展 1.Believed that slavery was bad.slave C 奴隶be sold as slaves当奴隶被卖slaver C 奴隶贩子 相信奴隶制度是有害的。 slavery U 奴隶制度；奴隶身份，蓄奴。例如： fall into slavery 沦为奴隶 work for the abolition of slavery 致力于废止奴隶制度思维拓展 2.Helped runaway slaves in the 1850s.run away 逃走，逃跑run away with sb.和一起逃跑/私奔 在十九世纪五十年代帮助逃跑的奴隶。 runaway adj. 逃跑的，失控的。例如： a runaway child 离家出走的小孩 a runaway horse 脱缰的马forbid n./doing 禁止，妨碍（做某事）forbid sb. to do 禁止（某人）做forbid ones doing禁止（某人）做be forbidden by被禁止要点提炼 3.In 1850 a law was made to forbid people to help runaway slaves. 1850年通过了一条法律来禁止人们帮助那些逃跑的奴隶。 forbid vt. (forbade, forbidden) 禁止，不许。例如： My father forbade me to watch television. =My father forbade my watching television. 我父亲不准我看电视。 Smoking is forbidden in the office. 办公室内禁止抽烟。思维拓展 4.Active in the womens rights movement after the war.战后在女权运动中很活跃。take an active part in积极参加play an active part in起着积极的作用 be active in 积极参与活动，热心于活动。例如： He was always active in his work. 他总是工作很积极。 She is active in political activities. 她热衷于政治。思维拓展 5.But his soul goes marching on.heart and soul全心全意sell ones soul出卖灵魂（良心） 但是他的灵魂继续存在。 soul U & C 灵魂，精神，心灵。例如： We prayed for the souls of the dead. 我们为死者的灵魂祈祷。 He put his heart and soul into the painting. 他全心全意（全神贯注）地画那幅画。Pre-reading全析提示 that 从句是定语从句，修饰laws，这是一个分隔式定语从句。 How would you feel if there were laws in your own country that made you wear a sign? 如果在你的国家里有这样的法律迫使你带着标记，你会感觉怎么样?思维拓展 make sb. do 使某人做某事。例如：make sb. do, 其中不定式作补足语，要省略to。类似的动词有：let，have等。但在被动语态中要加上to。 Her step-mother made her do all the housework. 她的继母让她做所有的家务。 He was made to clean the blackboard a day. 他被迫擦黑板一整天。Readingseparate v.（使）分离；（使）隔开。常用：separate from 把与分开separate adj. 分开的，各自的，独立的。例如：separate rooms 单独的房间思维拓展 1. the South had its own laws to continue the separation of blacks and whites. 南部各州通过了他们自己的法律。继续把黑人和白人分开。 separation U & C 分离，隔离。例如： separation of church and state 政教分离 after a long separation 在长久分离之后 the separation of a river 河流的分支处 the separation of infectious patients from other patients. 传染病人与其他病人隔离。思维拓展 2.Mixed-race marriages were forbidden by law.race C 赛跑，竞赛。例如：a boat race 划船比赛start a race 开始比赛racial adj. 人种的，种族的，民族的be/get married to sb.与某人结婚marry sb. to sb. 把某人嫁给某人 法律规定不允许黑人和白人通婚。 （1）race C & U 人种；种族；民族。例如： the white (yellow, black) race 白（黄，黑）种人 the race problem/issue 种族问题 （2）marriage U & C 结婚，婚姻。例如： early/late marriage 早/晚婚 arranged marriage 包办婚姻 group marriage 集体婚礼 marriage market 婚姻市场要点提炼 3.Black people had no rights to vote in the Southern states.vote on 就投票vote for/against 投票赞成/反对vote to do 投票去做vote that 投票决定 南部的黑人没有选举权。 vote vi. 投票；（投票）表决。例如： Now we will vote on this problem. 现在对这个问题进行投票表决。 We voted to accept the proposal（提案）. 我们投票决定要接受这个提案。 Most of us vote for/against the plan. 我们大多数人投票赞成/反对这个计划。思维拓展 politics n.（单复数同形）政治；政策enter politics 进入政界play politics 玩弄政治手段 4.King fought for political rights for black people in the USA. 金为美国黑人的政治权利而斗争。 political adj. 政治的；政治上的。例如： a political party 政党 political action 政治活动 a political opinion 政见 a political prisoner 政治犯思维拓展 5.By doing this he set an example to the rest of the world.for example 例如make an example of sb.惩一儆百follow ones example学某人的榜样take for example以为例 从而为世界其他地区树立了榜样。 set an example to=give a good example to 为别人树立榜样。例如： The headmaster likes to arrive early at school to set a good example to the other teachers. 那位校长愿意早早到校，以身作则，为其他老师树立了好的榜样。demand to do 要求去做demand sb. of/from sth.对（人）要求demand that 要求表示建议、要求、命令的动词接宾语从句时用虚拟语气，should可以省略。该类动词是order, demand, suggest。另外，这类词的相应的名词性从句也用虚拟语气。要点提炼 6.All his life he believed that it was right and necessary to demand changes in society if people did not have their civil rights. 他毕生相信，如果人们得不到民权，那么就有必要提出改变社会的要求，这样做也是正当的。 demand vt. 要求，请求。例如： He demanded an apology from the waiter. 他要求服务员道歉。 They demanded to be told everything. 他们要求被告知每一件事。 They demanded that the pany (should) make pensation （赔偿）for the loss. 他们要求该公司赔偿损失。achievement U 完成，达到，成就，业绩。achievable adj. 可完成的，可达到的。思维拓展 7.He believed that he could achieve that goal by peaceful actions, not by violence. 他认为，可以通过和平革命达到社会变革的目的，而不通过暴力。 achieve vt. 完成，达到。例如： I achieved all I hoped to do today. 我已经做完今天我想做的事。 He achieved his goal. 他达到了他的目标。arrest n. 逮捕，拘留under arrest 拘留false arrest 非法拘留under house arrest 软禁思维拓展 8.She refused to stand up for a white man and was arrested by the police. 她拒绝给一个白人让座而被逮捕了。 arrest vt. 逮捕；拘留；扣留。例如： The police arrested the thief. 警察逮捕了窃贼。 The policeman arrested the man for speeding. 警察以超速之罪名逮捕了那个人。思维拓展 9.King led a boycott of the bus pany.boycott C 联合抵制联合拒绝购买。例如：put the production under a boycott联合抵制该商品 金领导人们联合抵制汽车公司。 boycott vt.（联合）拒绝使用（或购买、参加）；联合抵制。例如： boycott classes 罢课 boycott a meeting 抵制一项会议 boycotting foreign imports 抵制外国货物进口in the end, finally, at last 都有“最后”，“终于”的含义。finally用于动词之前，表示人们长期以来期待的某事最后实现了；at last也有此义，期待的感情更强烈一些；in the end表示经过许多变化和周折，最后发生了某事。思维拓展 10.In the end the government lawyers in the capital said that the bus pany was wrong to separate blacks from whites. 最后该州首府的政府律师说，公共汽车公司无权在车上把黑人和白人分割开来。 （1）in the end 最后，终于。例如： He kept on trying and his hard work led to success in the end. 他不断地努力，辛勤的工作终于导致了他的成功。 （2）lawyer C 律师，法学家。例如： a family lawyer 家庭律师 a good lawyer 好的律师，精通法律的人discrimination U辨别；歧视discriminate v. 区别；分辨；辨别discriminating adj. 有辨别力的思维拓展 11.He led many nonviolent demonstrations against racial discrimination 他领导了很多次反对种族歧视的非暴力示威运动。 discrimination U 歧视，差别。例如： sex discrimination 性别歧视 racial discrimination 种族歧视全析提示 该句是强调句式，句中被强调部分是during the “March on Washington DC” in 1963。 12.It was during the “March on Washington DC” in 1963 that he gave the speech “I Have a Dream”, which inspired people of all races to fight for equality. 是在1963年的华盛顿游行过程中他作出了这个鼓舞人们为平等权而斗争的演说我有一个梦想。act C 行为，举动v. 行动，表演action C 行动；行为；作用；动作思维拓展 13.In the same year, a new Civil Rights Act was passed and in 1965 a new Voting Rights Bill became law. 在同一年，通过了新的民权法案。1965年一项新的选举权法案变成了法律。 act C 法令；条例。例如：active adj. 活跃的；积极的；主动的activity U 活力 an act of Parliament（英国议会的）法例 insurance act 保险条例思维拓展 14.From then on, all black people had the right to vote.from now on 从现在起from that day on 从那天起from beginning to end 从头到尾from hand to mouth 勉强糊口from bad to worse 每况愈下 从那时起，所有的黑人都有了选举权。 from then on 从那时起。例如： From then on she knew she would win. 她从那时起就知道自己会得胜。 From then on we have been learning English. 从那时起我们一直在学英语。Post-readingfit adj. 合适的，恰当的be fit forbe fit to dobe fit for sb. to do动词fit/suit辨析：fit 一般表示衣服大小适合某人；suit可以用于其他的场合，表示适合之意。思维拓展 1.If you were asked to move Paragraph 1 to another place in the reading passage, where does it best fit in? 如果要你把第一段移到文中另外的地方，那么在什么地方最合适呢? fit vi. & vt. 适合于，合适，试穿，安装。fit in使适合，相合，配合。例如： This coat doesnt fit me. 这件上衣不合我穿。 My holiday arrangements must fit in with yours. 我的假期计划必须配合你的计划。imagine 后面有两个由that引导的并列宾语从句；第二个从句中的that不能省略。全析提示 2.Imagine that the year is 1966 and that you are a television reporter. 想象一下今年是1966年，你是一个电视台的记者。 imagine vt. 想象；在心里描绘。例如： Can you imagine life without electricity?要点提炼 你能想象没有电的生活吗?imagine (doing) n. 想象做imagine ones doing 想象某人做imagine that/wh-想象 I cant imagine her marrying him? 我无法想象她和他结婚。 Imagine (that) you are a bird. 想象你是一只鸟。 I didnt imagine being a writer in my childhood. 在孩提时代，我并未想成为一名作家。Language studyown adj.自己的，本身的of ones own自己的，特有的on ones own思维拓展 1.Slavery is the system by which some people are owned by others as slaves. 奴隶制是一种体系，通过这种体系，一些人被另外一些人当作奴隶而占有。 own vt. 拥有；持有；承认。例如： Who owns this land?独自，靠自己owner n.所有者，拥有者 这块土地是谁的? I own that you are right.思维拓展 我承认你是对的。major adj. 较大的；主要的；一流的；主修的a major earthquake大地震a major painter一流画家a major subject主修科目 2.Andy and Ben both major in politics but they often hold opposite political views. 安迪和本都学习政治，但是他们却经常持有相反的观点。 （1）major vi. 主修 （2）opposite adj. 相对的，相反的。例如： He stood on the opposite side of the street. 他站在那条街的对面。 They walked away in opposite directions. 他们分别往相反的方向走去。思维拓展 后边接同位语从句的常见的词有：fact, news, promise, idea, reason, truth, doubt, thought, problem, hope等。play a part in（在中）扮演角色；take part in 参加；参与act the part of（在戏中）扮演 3.The fact that black people share equal rights in America today is in part their achievement. 当今美国的黑人拥有平等权在某种程度上也是他们的成就。 （1）that从句在句中作fact的同位语，是同位语从句来解释fact的内容。例如： The fact that our team has won the match is true. 我们队赢了这场比赛是真的。 The fact that he won the first place is doubtful. 他得了第一名是让人可疑的。 （2）in part在某种程度上；部分地。例如： His success was due in part to luck. 他成功的部分原因是运气好。have an interest in对有兴趣take an interest in对有兴趣show an interest in对表现出兴趣lose interest 失去兴趣注意区别turn doctor 变成了医生思维拓展 4.He is interested in law and he wants to bee a good lawyer. 他对法律很感兴趣，并且想成为一个好律师。 （1）be interested in 对感兴趣。例如： She is greatly interested in languages. 她对语言非常感兴趣。 Are you interested in modern music? 你对现代音乐感兴趣吗? （2）bee a lawyer变成了律师。例如： He wants to bee a doctor. 他想当医生。employee C 雇员；雇工。employer C 雇主；雇佣者。例如：hire/take on an employee雇用员工fire an employee 解雇员工a government employee公务员思维拓展 5.Jim is employed as a bus driver. He is lucky because the employment rate is relatively low. 吉姆受雇为一名公共汽车司机。他很幸运，因为就业率相当低。 （1）employ vt. 雇用，聘请。例如： He employed the girl as a typist. 他雇用那位小姐当打字员。 She is employed in a bank. 她受雇在银行上班。 （2）employment U 雇佣 full employment 充分就业Integrating skillskill time 消磨时间at times 有时，偶尔in no time 立即，立刻take ones time 慢慢来思维拓展 1.Freedom fighters can be found everywhere, and they are of all times. 自由战士到处都是，并且无论何时都有。 of all times 无论何时。例如： A man like him is of all times. 像他这样的人任何时候都有。思维拓展 2.Each age has its own struggle for rights.be of all age 同岁at the age of在岁时full/middle/old age成/中/老年 每个时代都有他自己的权利之战。 age C 时代；时期。例如： the Stone Age 石器时代 the Victorian Age 维多利亚时代 the Middle Age 中世纪 the atomic age 原子时代religious adj. 宗教的；虔诚的a religious book宗教书籍religious education宗教教育思维拓展 3.Between the 16th and the 18th centuries the struggle was for freedom of religion. 在十六到十八世纪是宗教自由之争。 religion U 宗教。例如： believe in religion 信教 the Christian religion 基督教 the Buddhist religion 佛教 the Hindu religion 印度教that在引导名词性从句时不作句子成分；只有在定语从句中才作成分。that在名词性从句中只起连接作用。全析提示 4.The main ideas were that all people are brothers and sisters, and that all people should be equal. 主要意思是说，所有的人都是兄弟姐妹，所有的人都应当平等。 句中包含两个that引导的表语从句。例如： The reason for his success was that he worked hard. 他之所以成功在于他工作努力。when在句中引导定语从句，修饰time。全析提示 5.There was a time when women had no rights to vote, couldnt go to university or choose their jobs. 曾经有一段时期妇女没有权利选举，没有权利上大学，也没有权利选择工作。what 引导的是主语从句；that引导的是表语从句。全析提示 6.What all these groups have in mon is that they ask to be treated with respect, share the rights to work, good housing conditions and education and be treated equal to other people in all ways.share in 分享share with 与分担/分享要点提炼 所有这些组织（或团体）的共同点就是他们要求得到尊敬，共同享有工作、好的住房条件和受教育的权利以及和其他人一样在各个方面被平等地对待。 share v. 共同使用；分享；分担。例如：share out 分配share sth. with sb. 与某人共享 The boy shared his toys with other children. 那个男孩把他的玩具拿出来，和其他的孩子一起玩。 Would you share your newspaper with me? 我们一起看报纸好吗? We have shared in our sorrows as well as joys. 我们同甘共苦。 7.When Samuel Butler wrote two chapters about the rights of animals and the rights of vegetables in a novel in 1872, everybody thought of that as very funny joke. 当塞缪尔巴特勒在1872年在他的小说中写完两章关于动物和蔬菜的权利时，每个人都认为那是一个很可笑的笑话。 （1）chapter C（书籍的）章，篇。例如：思维拓展 the first chapter=chapter one 第一章表示“认为是”的短语：regard as consider aslook on as take asfun U 玩笑；乐趣；有趣的人（物）for fun 闹着玩儿地make fun of 取笑 （2）think of as 认定是；把看作例如： I think of him as a happy man with lots of friends. 我认为他是个快乐的、有很多朋友的人。 I always think of him as my best friend. 我一直把他当作我最好的朋友。 （3）funny adj. 可笑的；滑稽的；有趣的。例如： a funny story 有趣的故事 a funny fellow 有趣的家伙全析提示 a funny clown 可笑的小丑whether 引导的宾语从句作wondering的宾语；wondering分词短语作定语修饰people。 8.There are already people wondering whether we should fight for the rights of robots and machines. 已经有人想知道是否我们应该为机器人和机器争得权利。思维拓展 9.Work out the details for Kings action in Birmingham.work at 从事；研习work on 继续工作；从事work over 彻底查work up 刺激；煽动work away 继续用功 详细地拟定一下金在伯明翰的行动。 work out vt. 详细拟定；周密地想出；制定出。例如： He worked out all the details of the plan. 他详细地拟定了那项计划。 The general worked out a new plan of attack. 将军制定出了新的进攻方案。思维拓展 10.More than one family lives in a house that is too small.more than 超过not more than 不超过no more than 仅仅；只不过more than once 不止一次 几个家庭住在一个很小的房子里。 more than one 不止一个；很多。例如： More than one student was admitted by the key universities. 很多学生被重点大学录取了。 I have more than one good friend. 我有很多好朋友，不止一个。思维拓展 11.If you write about rights for better work conditions for farm animals, your arguments have to make sense.bring a person to his sense使醒过来e to ones sense 醒过来talk sense 说的有道理make sense (out) of 理解 如果你写了关于为农场上的动物争取好的工作条件的权利，那你的争论就有意义。 make sense 讲得通；有意义；有道理。例如： This sentence doesnt make any sense. 这个句子完全讲不通。 What you say makes no sense. 你说的话没有道理。 Can you make sense of what this book says? 你能理解这本书的内容吗? 12.You can create original ideas by paring things that are at first sight very different, such as the needs for nutrition for humans, animals and plants but also for robots and machines. 你能通过对比乍一看完全不同的东西，像人类、动物和植物对营养的需要，以及对机器人和机器的需要来创造新颖的想法。思维拓展 （1）at first sight 乍一看；第一眼就。例如：at sight 见到就立刻catch sight of 看见in sight 看得见out of sight 看不到lose sight of 看不见 He fell in love with her at first sight. 他对她一见钟情。 At first sight their demands seemed reasonable. 乍看之下，他们的要求似乎满合理的。 （2）original adj. 新颖的；奇特的；独创性的。 例如： an original painter 有独创性的画家 （3）nutrition U 营养的摄取；营养物a sort of 一种；有几分all sorts of 各种各样的out of sorts 情绪不佳of a sort 同一种的of all sorts 各种各样的思维拓展 13.Then, when you are sorting your arguments, pros and cons, decide from which viewpoint you will write. 然而，无论是分类正面还是反面的论据，你应从写作的观点去决定。 sort v. 整理；把分类。例如： He sorted the old cards. 他把旧名片加以分类。 “Sort out these papers and fasten them together with a clip, please.” “请把这些文件整理一下，用夹子夹在一起。”Grammar全析提示 被动语态有些及物动词或动词短语不能用于被动语态，如fit, wish, cost, hold, watch, possess, last, agree with, arrive at/in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, 英语动词有两种语态：主动语态（Active Voice）和被动语态（Passive Voice）。我们主要介绍被动语态的用法。 一、不同时态的被动句式 助动词be+及物动词的过去分词 be有时态、人称和数的变化。变化规则同于系动词be。以tell为例：happen to, take part in, belong to等。 一般现在时：am/is/are + told 一般过去时：was/were + told 一般将来时：will/shall + be told 现在进行时：am/is/are/ + being told 过去进行时：was/were + being told 现在完成时：has/have + been told 过去完成时：had + been told 过去将来时：would/should + be told 二、特殊结构的被动句式具有两个宾语的句子变化时，一般把代表人的宾语改为主语。全析提示 1.具有双宾语的句子改为被动语态时可以把两个宾语中的任何一个作为主语。例如： He gave me a new book. I was given a new book. A new book was given to me.如look at, depend on等。动词+副词的短语也一样，如carry out等。全析提示 2.某些动词短语的作用相当于一个及物动词，改为被动语态时不能丢掉后面的介词。例如： They took good care of the children. The children were taken good care of.如make, have, see等使役动词和感官动词。全析提示 3.在某些动词后如有不带to的不定式作宾语补足语时，变被动语态时须将to加上。例如： The boss made the workers work long hours before liberation. The workers were made to work long hours before liberation全析提示 三、用主动的被动句式系表结构/被动语态辨析：被动语态表动作，句子的主语是动作的对象；系表结构说明主语所处的状态。 部分动词的主动形式具有被动意义，主要有以下几种情况： 1.表状态特征的系动词（feel, prove等）+形容词/名词构成系表结构。例如： The steel feels cold. His plan proved (to be) practical.全析提示 2.表示开始、结束、运动的动词。例如：