2019-2020年高中英语必修5Unit2ReadingTheeconomyortheenironment.doc

2019-2020年高中英语必修5Unit2ReadingTheeconomyortheenironment1）ment: noun C or Usomething that you say or write that expresses your opinion:评论，观点。I dont want any ments on/about my new haircut, thank you!He made negative ments to the press.I suppose his criticism was fair ment (= a reasonable opinion).She was asked about the pay increase but made no ment (= did not give an opinion). verb I or T to make a ment: 评论。My mum always ments on what Im wearing.+ that He mented that the two essays were rather similar.2) voice: V. T to say what you think about a particular subject, especially to express a doubt, plaint, etc. ,which you have about it:评论。I have on several occasions voiced my objections to the plan to management.Allow children the space to voice their opinions, enven if they are different from your own.(05湖南)N. Cthe sounds that are made when people speak or sing: 嗓音。She has a loud/quiet/soft voice.You could tell from her voice that she wasnt pleased.She lowered her voice to a whisper.Youll have to raise your voice (= speak louder) if you want to be heard at the meeting room. Ive got a cold and I think Im losing my voice (= being unable to speak).All the students in the classroom read at the top of their voices. C often singular; U (the right to) an expression of opinion: 观点，想法。Unfortunately a strike was the only way to make our voices heard.The mittee represents the voice of the students.Developing countries are demanding a stronger voice (= right to express opinions) in the debate. S an important quality or opinion which someone expresses, or the person who is able to express it: She just wont listen to the voice of reason.I wouldnt work for Peter if I were you - this is the voice of experience talking!2. I am talking to you today about the way large areas of the world are damaged by industrial waste.(P22)我今天跟大家谈谈世界上大片区域是怎样受工业污染而被破坏的。1) the way large areas of the world are damaged by industrial waste.在定语从句中如果先行词是the way表方式时，定语从句用that 或者in which 来引导，或者省略。We often surprised at the way she manages to stay so calm.Judging from the way he was shouting, we thought he was badly hurt.相关高考试题(xx 湖北)What surprised me was not what he said but _ he said it. A. the way B. in the way that C. in the way D. the way which答案：A2) waste: N. 1） C or Usomething that cannot be used any more and is thrown away:垃圾，废物Industrial waste must be prevent from polluting our rivers.Where do you put your kitchen waste?2) S or U an unnecessary or wrong use of money, substances, time, energy, abilities, etc:浪费That meeting achieved absolutely nothing - it was a plete waste of time.Shes been unemployed for two years and its such a waste of her talents.My mother couldnt bear waste - she always made us eat everything on our plates.V. T to use too much of something or use something badly when there is a limited amount of it:浪费You waste a lot of water by having a bath instead of a shower.e on, lets get started - weve wasted enough time already.Dont waste your money on me, love, keep it for yourself.3.In addition, many sea creatures are being wiped out by fishing boats. （P22）此外，捕捞船正在将大量的海洋生物赶尽杀绝。1）in addition: adv.=besides. It is used when you want to mention another person or thing after something else .Usually the phrase is followed by the preposition to.除此之外，而且in addition to: prep =besides除此之外，而且Do you play any other sports in addition to football and basketball?She wont mind your being late -in addition, its hardly your fault.In addition to his flat in London, he has a villa in Italy and a castle in Scotland. 2）wipe sth.out: to destroy something pletely: 清除Whole villages were wiped out in the fighting.One bad harvest could wipe out all of a growers profits for the previous two years. wipe out :to lose control, especially in a vehicle, and have an accident: 失控（驾车）I was going too fast and I wiped out on the bend.wipe相关短语：wipe sth off sth to remove something from something:All their customer information was wiped off the puter by a virus.8 billion has been wiped off share prices worldwidewipe sth up to remove a substance, usually liquid, with a cloth or something similar:I was just wiping up the soup that you spilt in the kitchen.Have you got something I could wipe up this mess with?4. This will have a lasting effect upon the number of fish left for us to eat.(P22)这种做法对存活下来供我们食用的鱼类的数量将产生持久的影响。1)effect:It has also had harmful effect on the ecology of the area, killing many plants and animals.(P38)污染对长江流域的生态也产生了有害的影响，大量的动植物也因此遭到了灭顶之灾。Last month, part of southeast Asia was struck by floods, from whose effects the people are still suffering.(05天津)相关高考试题：（xx 上海）The conference has been held to discuss the effects of tourism _ the wildlife in the area. A. in B. on C. at D. with解析：选B. effect on 为固定搭配,对 的影响。5.The worlds population has grown to more than six times what it was in 1800.(P22) 目前的世界人口与1800年相比已经增长到那时的六倍多。Pay attention to the following patterns:times + as + adj./adv. + as +times + the parative degree of adj./adv. +than +times + the +n.(width, size, length, breadth, level, value, velocity)of+Eg.1.这座新楼是那座旧楼的四倍大。 The new building is four times as high as the old one. The new building is four times higher than the old one. The new building is four times the size (the height) of the old one.2. 亚洲是欧洲的四倍大。 Asia is four times as large as Europe. Asia is four times larger than Europe. Asia is four times the size of Europe.相关高考试题：1（05上海）At a rough estimate, Nigeria is _Great Britain.A. three times the size as B. the size three times ofC. three times as the size of D. three times the size of 答案:D2（05 湖北) What a table! Ive never seen such a thing before. It is _it is long.A. half not as wide as B. wide not as half asC. not half as wide as D. as wide as not half 答案: C3. （04广西） It is re ported that the United States uses _ energy as the whole of Europe. A. as twice B. twice much C. twice much as D. twice as much答案：D4.（03北京） He did it _ it took me. A. one-third a timeB. one-third timeC. the one-third timeD. one-third the time答案：D5. (03上海) The house rent is expensive. Ive got about half the space I had at home and Im playing _here. A. as three times much B. as much three times C. much as three times D. three times as much答案：D6. My suggestion is that we should try to cut back on production and reduce the amount of things we make and buy. （P22）我的建议是我们应当尽量消减生产，减少制造和购买物品的数量。cut back/down on: vt.to do less of something or use something in smaller amounts:减少,缩减，削减The government has announced plans to cut back on defence spending by 10% next year.Im trying to cut down on caffeine 。cut 常用短语：cut at Vt. 向猛砍cut away Vt. 切下,砍掉cut down Vt. （1）砍倒,砍伐 （2）减少的量,缩减cut in Vt. 插嘴,插入,插队 cut off Vt. （1）切断,砍掉 （2） 切断（电力,煤气,自来水等），停止的供给 （3）使（人,城镇）孤立cut out Vt. 切下，剪下cut up Vt. 切碎I was just talking to Jan, when Dave cut in (on us/our conversation).If this bill is not paid within five days, your gas supply will be cut off.She cut out his picture from the magazine.Many villages have been cut off by the heavy snow.相关高考试题：1.（xx 春季北京）He was in hospital for six months. He felt as if he was _ from the outside world. A. cut out B. cut off C. cut up D. cut through解析：选B. 他感觉似乎与外界断绝了联系。1. (xx 湖南)I was just talking to Margaret when Jackson _. A. cut in B. cut down C. cut out D. cut up解析：选A. 此处是插嘴，打断的意思。7.large amounts of poisonous chemicals (P22) the amount of things we make and buy (P22) the amount of rubbish (P22)the amount of pollution (P23)amount N.C a collection or mass especially of something which cannot be counted: 总数，数量（常与不可数名词连用。the amount of: the total sum ofa .amount of: a quantity of They didnt deliver the right amount of sand.Small amounts of land were used for keeping animals.He paid regular amounts of money to a charity.I didnt expect the bill to e to this amount (= of money).The new tax caused a huge amount of public anger.I had a certain amount of (= some) difficulty finding the house.You wouldnt believe the amount of trouble (= what a lot of trouble) Ive had with this car.For reference:关于“许多”的用法见下表：+Cn.+Un.+Cn./Un.many, many a, a great/good many, a large/great number of/numbers ofmuch, a great deal of, a large amount of, large amounts ofplenty of, a lot of, lots of, a large quantity of, large quantities of, a mass of, masses of相关高考试题：1.（xx 上海）The young dancers looked so charming in their beautiful clothes that we took _pictures of them. A. many of B. masses of C. the number of D. a large amount of解析： 选B. masses of “大量的”，既可接可数名词又可以接不可数名词。the number of 是的数量。 A large amount of,接不可数名词。many of 接带有定冠词的可数名词，意思是“中的许多。”2. (xx 上海)As a result of destroying the forests, a large _ of desert _ covered the land.A. number; has B. quantity; has C. number; have D. quantity; have解析： 选B. a large number of 接可数名词，desert是不可数名词。8. It is obvious that you are very concerned about the present situation of our environment.(P23)concern: V. 1) T to be important to someone or to involve someone directly:与有关，对有重要性Matters of pollution and the environment concern us all.What I have to say to Amy doesnt concern you.His resignation concerns them all.2) T FORMAL If a story, film or article concerns a particular subject, person, etc., it is about that person or subject: 涉及，关于The film concerns a woman who goes to China as a missionary.3）T to bee involved with something, or worried about something: 使操心,使不安concern oneself about/for be concerned about/forDont concern yourself. Shell be home soon.She concerns herself about her sons future.= She is concerned about her sons future.4) T to cause anxiety to someone:The state of my fathers health concerns us greatly. It concerns me that he hasnt been in contact.concern N.1) C or U a feeling of worry or nervousness, or something that worries you:担心，挂念，关怀Concern for the safety of the two missing teenagers is growing.Theres a lot of public concern about/over dangerous toxins recently found in food.My concern is that youre not getting enough work done.2）C or U something that involves or affects you or is important to you:关心的事，重要事My greatest concern is the economy of China.What were the major concerns of the writers from this period?I dont want to hear about it - its no concern of mine!be of concern to be important:The results of the election are of concern to us all.3)C a pany: 企业，公司，财团a family concernIt started slowly, but the pany is now a going concern (= doing business)concerned Adj.1) worried: 担忧的Im a bit concerned about/for your health.Arent you concerned (that) she might tell someone?He was concerned to hear that two of his trusted workers were leaving.Concerned parents have plained about the dangerous playground.2) after verb involved in something or affected by it: 有关的，涉及的（置于名词之后）Id like to thank everyone concerned for making the occasion run so smoothly.It was quite a shock for all/everyone concerned.Her job is something concerned with puters.Im not very good where money is concerned (= when dealing with money)concernedly Adv.Are you sure youre all right? she asked concernedly.concerning Prep. (SLIGHTLY FORMAL )about: 关于Ive had a letter from the tax authorities concerning my tax payments.Concerning his proposal, there were pros and cons.9.They think of greedy businessmen hiding from their responsibilities to the environment and only thinking about money.(P23)responsibilities: N.1) U 责任Terrorists have claimed responsibility for (= stated that they caused) yesterdays bomb attack.The minister took/accepted full responsibility for (= admitted that he was to blame for) the disaster and resigned.2) C or U something that it is your job or duty to deal with: 工作，义务。Its her responsibility to ensure the project finishes on time.She takes her responsibilities as a nurse very seriously.3) C or U have responsibility to be in a position of authority over someone and to have a duty to make certain that particular things are done:负责Who has responsibility here?Jenny, you have responsibility for clearing up the room after the class.responsible Adj.be responsible for sth/doing sth 1）to be the person who caused something to happen, especially something bad: Who is responsible for this terrible mess?Last months bad weather was responsible for the crop failure.2）to have control and authority over something or someone and the duty of taking care of it or them:Paul is directly responsible for the efficient running of the office.Her department is responsible for overseeing the councils.be responsible to sb/sth to be controlled by someone or something:In Australia, the Prime Minister and the Cabinet of Ministers are responsible to the House of Representativesresponsibly Adv.When he saw the crash, the young boy acted very responsibly and called the police.accept/assume/shoulder/take on responsibility for 为负责escape/avoid responsibility 回避责任throw responsibility on 把责任推给have a responsibility to sb 对负有责任act/do sth on your own responsibility 对自己的行为负责10. But I do agree that recycling may be the key to helping both sides.(23)但有一点我非常赞同：循环利用或许是对两者都有利的关键。1) do auxiliary verb + infinitive without to used to give extra force to the main verb对动词进行强调，过去时为did，第三人称单数形式为does。Do shut up, Georgia, and get on with your homework.Do write and let me know how youre getting on.He does do morning exercises after he gets up every morning.Can I buy stamps here? Well, we do sell them, but we havent got any at the moment.Cars do cause us some health problems -in fact far more serious ones than mobile phones do. (05 江西)2）key N.the best or only way to achieve something: 的关键the key to sthHard work is the key to success. Adj. very important and having a lot of influence on other people or things:关键的，重要的。 She was a key figure in the international art world.相关高考试题：（xx北京）-How do you deal with the disagreement between the pany and the customers?-the key _ the problem is to meet the demand _ by the customers.A. to solving; making B. to solving; made C. to solve; making D. to solve; made答案：B.11. What if we run out of space?(P25)1）what if used to ask about something that could happen in the future, especially something bad: What if the trains late? What if you dont pass your exams?2）rut out to finish, use or sell all of something, so that there is none left:用光run out of sth. Ive run out of milk/money/ideas/patience.Have you got any milk? Sorry, Ive run out. If a supply of something is used up, or it is pletely finished:被用光 The milk has run out. My patience is beginning to run out. If a document or official agreement runs out, the period of time for which it lasts finishes:到期 My passport runs out next month - I must get it renewedrun常用搭配及短语：run across vt.1）偶遇 2）横跨run after vt. 追赶;追求run against vt 1）违反,与竞选 2）偶遇,邂逅run away vi. 逃跑run away with vt. 和一起逃跑，带着逃跑run into vt. 1）撞上 2）偶遇run over vi. （容器，液体）溢出 vt.1）车辆碾过 2）复习，重新练习run to vt. 1）（数量）达到 2）倾向于I ran across several old friends when I went back to my hometownShe ran after me to hand me some papers Id dropped.Luck is really running against you tonight!Public opinion is currently running against fox hunting.Sometimes my imagination runs away with me and I convince myself that they are having an affair.Graham ran into someone he used to know at school the other day.The water/The bath is running over - quick, turn the taps off.Ill just run over(go over) whats been said so far, for lateers who missed the first speakers.