2019-2020年高三英语专项训练 阅读理解 词义猜测.doc

2019-2020年高三英语专项训练 阅读理解 词义猜测词义猜测Passage1 (xx广东卷B)It was a cold winter day. A woman drove up to the Rainbow Bridge tollbooth (收费站). “Im paying for myself, and for the six cars behind me,” she said with a smile, handing over seven tickets. One after another, the next six drivers arriving at the tollbooth were informed, “Some lady up ahead already paid your fare.”It turned out that the woman, Natalie Smith, had read something on a friends refrigerator: “Practice random kindness and senseless acts of beauty.” The phrase impressed her so much that she copied it down.Judy Foreman spotted the same phrase on a warehouse wall far away from home. When it stayed on her mind for days, she gave up and drove all the way back to copy it down. “I thought it was beautiful,” she said, explaining why shed taken to writing it at the bottom of all her letters, “like a message from above.” Her husband, Frank, liked the phrase so much that he put it up on the classroom wall for his students, one of whom was the daughter of Alice Johnson, a local news reporter. Alice put it in the newspaper, admitting that though she liked it, she didnt know where it came from or what it really meant.Two days later, Alice got a call from Anne Herbert, a woman living in Marin. It was in a restaurant that Anne wrote the phrase down on a piece of paper, after turning it around in her mind for days.“Heres the idea,” Anne says. “Anything you think there should be more of, do it randomly.” Her fantasies include painting the classrooms of shabby schools, leaving hot meals on kitchen tables in the poor part of town, and giving money secretly to a proud old lady. Anne says, “Kindness can build on itself as much as violence can.”The acts of random kindness spread. If you were one of those drivers who found your fare paid, who knows what you might have been inspired to do for someone else later. Like all great events, kindness begins slowly, with every single act. Let it be yours!31. Why did Natalie Smith pay for the six cars behind her? A. She knew the car drivers well. B. She wanted to show kindness. C. She hoped to please others. D. She had seven tickets.32. Judy Foreman copied down the phrase because she . A. thought it was beautifully written B. wanted to know what it really meant C. decided to write it on a warehouse wall D. wanted her husband to put it up in the classroom33. Who came up with the phrase according to the passage? A. Judy Foreman. B. Natalie Smith. C. Alice Johnson. D. Anne Herbert.34. Which of the following statements is closest in the meaning to the underlined sentence above? A. Kindness and violence can change the world. B. Kindness and violence can affect ones behavior. C. Kindness and violence can reproduce themselves. D. Kindness and violence can shape ones character.35. What can we infer from the last paragraph? A. People should practice random kindness to those in need. B. People who receive kindness are likely to offer it to others. C. People should practice random kindness to strangers they meet. D. People who receive kindness are likely to pay it back to the giver.Passage2 (xx全国卷I B)Passenger pigeons(旅鸽) once flew over much of the United States in unbelievable numbers. Written accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries described flocks(群) so large that they darkened the sky for hours.It was calculated that when its population reached its highest point, there were more than 3 billion passenger pigeons a number equal to 24 to 40 percent of the total bird population in the United States, making it perhaps the most abundant bird in the world. Even as late as 1870 when their numbers had already bee smaller, a flock believed to be 1 mile wide and 320 miles (about 515 kilometers) long was seen near Cincinnati.Sadly, the abundance of passenger pigeons may have been their undoing. Where the birds were most abundant, people believed there was an ever-lasting supply and killed them by the thousands. mercial hunters attracted them to small clearings with grain, waited until pigeons had settled to feed, then threw large nets over them, taking hundreds at a time. The birds were shipped to large cities and sold in restaurants.By the closing decades of the 19th century, the hardwood forests where passenger pigeons nested had been damaged by Americans need for wood, which scattered (驱散) the flocks and forced the birds to go farther north, where cold temperatures and spring storms contributed to their decline. Soon the great flocks were gone, never to be seen again.In 1897, the state of Michigan passed a law prohibiting the killing of passenger pigeons, but by then, no sizable flocks had been seen in the state for 10 years. The last confirmed wild pigeon in the United States was shot by a boy in Pike County, Ohio, in 1900. For a time, a few birds survived under human care. The last of them, known affectionately as Martha, died at the Cincinnati Zoological Garden on September 1, 1914.24. In the 18th and early 19th centuries, passenger pigeons _.A. were the biggest bird in the worldB. lived mainly in the south of AmericaC. did great harm to the natural environmentD. were the largest bird population in the US25. The underlined word “undoing” probably refers to the pigeons _.A. escapeB. ruin C. liberationD. evolution26. What was the main reason for people to kill passenger pigeons?A. To seek pleasure. B. To save other birds. C. To make money. D. To protect crops.27. What can we infer about the law passed in Michigan?A. It was ignored by the public.B. It was declared too late.C. It was unfair.D. It was strict.Passage3 （xx全国卷II C）One of the latest trend（趋势） in American Childcare is Chinese au pairs. Au Pair in Stamford, for example, has got increasing numbers of request for Chinese au pairs from zero to around 4,000 since xx. And thats true all across the country. “I thought it would be useful for him to learn Chinese at an early age” Joseph Stocke, the managing director of s pany, says of his 2-year old son. “I would at least like to give him the chance to use the language in the future,” After only six months of being cared for by a 25-year-old woman from China, the boy can already understand basic Chinese daily expressions, his dad says. Li Drake, a Chinese native raising two children in Minnesota with an American husband, had another reason for looking for an au pair from China. She didnt want her children to miss out on their roots. “Because I am Chinese, my husband and I wanted the children to keep exposed to(接触) the language and culture，” she says. “Staying with a native speaker is better for children than simply sitting in a classroom,” says Suzanne Flynn, a professor in language education of Children.“ But parents must understand that just one year with an au pair is unlikely to produce wonders. plete mastery demands continued learning until the age of 10 or 12.” The popularity if au pairs from china has been strengthened by the increasing numbers of American parents who want their children who want their children to learn Chinese. It is expected that American demand for au pairs will continue to rise in the next few years.29. What does that term” au pair” in the text mean? A. A mother raising her children on her own. B. A child learning a foreign language at home. C. A professor in language education of children. D. A young foreign woman taking care of children.30. Li Drake has her children study Chinese because she wants them _. A. to live in China some day B. to speak the language at home C. to catch up with other children D. to learn about the Chinese culture31. What can we infer from the text? A. Learning Chinese is being popular in America. B. Educated women do better in looking after children. C. Chinese au pairs need to improve their English Skills.D. Children can learn a foreign language well in six months. Passage4（xx重庆卷D）One moment it was quiet and calm in the forest, the next, the air was charged with tension. The elephant had heard the distant alarm calls of animals and her mood suddenly changed. I urged the elephant deeper into the forest. We sounded like a forest fire-crackling, snapping, trailblazing. But through all the noise came a sharp wanting cry. The elephant stopped and we heard it againthe tell-tale call of a spotted deer. I looked quickly mound the shadows of the forest. Rays of sunlight shone through tree branches, beneath which the patchwork (交错) of green plants and shadow-within-shadows would make tiger-stripes (条纹) look more attractive. Apart from an occasional noise from the elephants stomach, the forest wins silent. Gradually, the tension slipped from our bodies. The elephant seized a nearby branch and put it into her mouth. I reached forward and gently moved my hand over the elephants neck; there was a soft part, free of wrinkles and hairs, behind her ear. This was my fourth time to sense the aura of the forest in Corbett, although I saw no tigers in the end. Located at the foot of the Himalayan mountains, Corbett is home to about 135 Bengal tigers, but the forest seemed to be guarding their whereabouts(出没处), a silent reminder of their secrecy and rarity. Still, I was happy enough touching the elephant behind the ear. If I had so desperately wanted to see a tiger, I could have gone to a zoo. After all, spotting tigers merely confirms their beauty; tracking them can make you aware of something more.48. Which of the following was a clear signal of alarm? A. The elephant stopped. B. A spotted deer called. C. The elephant seized a branch. D. The forest was silent for a while.49. The author begins his account of the tour in the forest mainly by A. describing various sounds B. paring different animals C. listing different activities D. introducing various plants50. What does the underlined part to sense the aura most probably mean? A. To see the diversity. B. To enjoy the scenery. C. To feel the atmosphere. D. To experience the freedom.51. How does the author feel after several visits to Corbett? A. Seeing a Bengal tiger is quite thrilling. B. It is very time-consuming to travel in Corbett. C. It is really worthwhile to study the animals in Corbett. D. The process of finding Bengal tigers is most appealing.短文改错My daughter, who is thirteen, is not a emotional person. Imagine how surprising I was the other day when she told me that she has been giving a school friend of hers a hug every day. That was why she realized the girl “wasnt getting a lot love at home”. It seems that she not only reaches out to her friends these days and also to her teachers and other children as well as. I thought that was awesome! So, I gave she a card for her act of kindness and told her all for it. She liked the idea very much that she decided to find someone else to give the card so they could continue passing it forward!Passage5 (xx陕西卷B)When I told my father that I was moving to Des Moines, Iowa, he told me about the only time he had been there. It was in the 1930s, when he was an editor of the literary magazine of Southern Methodist University(SMU)in Dallas, Texas. He also worked as a professor at SMU, and there was a girl student in his class who suffered from a serious back disease. She couldnt afford the operation because her family was poor.Her mother ran a boarding house in Galveston, a seaside town near Houston, Texas. She was cleaning out the attic(阁楼)one day when she came across an old dusty manuscript(手稿).On its top page were the words, “By O.Henry. ”It was a nice story, and she sent it to her daughter at SMU, who showed it to my father. My father had never read the story before, but it sounded like O.Henry, and he knew that O.Henry had once lived in Houston. So it was possible that the famous author had gone to the beach and stayed in the Galveston boarding house, and had written the story there and left the manuscript behind by accident. My father visited an O.Henry expert at Columbia University in New York, who authenticated the story as O.Henrys.My father then set out to sell it. Eventually, he found himself in Des Moines, meeting with Gardner Cowles, a top editor at the Des Moines Register. Cowles loved the story and bought it on the spot. My father took the money to the girl. It was just enough for her to have the operation she so desperately needed.My father never told me what the O.Henry story was about. But I doubt that it could have been better than his own story.1.Who found the O.Henrys manuscript?A. The girls mother. B. The authors father. C. The girl. D. The author.2.Which of the following might explain the fact that the manuscript was found in the attic?A. O.Henry once worked in Houston. B. O.Henry once stayed in Galveston.C. O.Henry once moved to Des Moines. D. O.Henry once taught at SMU.3.The underlined word “authenticated” in Paragraph 2 probably means .A. named B. treated C. proved D. described4.According to the text,why did the authors father go to Des Moines?A. To sell the O.Henry story. B. To meet the author himself.C. To talk with the O.Henry expert. D. To give money to the girl.Passage6 (xx湖北卷C)Working with a group of baboons (狒狒) in the Namibian desert, Dr. Alecia Carter of the Department of Zoology, Cambridge University set baboons learning tasks involving a novel food and a familiar food hidden in a box. Some baboons were given the chance to watch another baboon who already knew how to solve the task, while others had to learn for themselves. To work out how brave or anxious the baboons were, Dr. Carter presented them either with a novel food or a threat in the form of a model of a poisonous snake.She found that personality had a major impact on learning. The braver baboons learnt, but the shy ones did not learn the task although they watched the baboon perform the task of finding the novel food just as long as the brave ones did. In effect, despite being made aware of what to do, they were still too shy to do what the experienced baboon did.The same held true for anxious baboons pared with calm ones. The anxious individuals learnt the task by observing others while those who were relaxed did not, even though they spent more time watching.This mismatch between collecting social information and using it shows that personality plays a key role in social learning in animals, something that has previously been ignored in studies on how animals learn to do things. The findings are significant because they suggest that animals may perform poorly in cognitive (认知的) tasks not because they arent clever enough to solve them, but because they are too shy or nervous to use the social information. The findings may impact how we understand the formation of culture in societies through social learning. If some individuals are unable to get information from others because they dont associate with the knowledgeable individuals, or they are too shy to use the information once they have it, information may not travel between all group members, preventing the formation of a culture based on social learning. 59. What is the first paragraph mainly about? A. The design of Dr. Carters research. B. The results of Dr. Carters research.C. The purpose of Dr. Carters research. D. The significance of Dr. Carters research.60. According to the research, which baboons are more likely to plete a new learning task?A. Those that have more experience. B. Those that can avoid potential risks.C. Those that like to work independently. D. Those that feel anxious about learning.61. Which best illustrates the “mismatch” mentioned in Paragraph 4?A. Some baboons are intelligent but slow in learning.B. Some baboons are shy but active in social activities.C. Some baboons observe others but dont follow them.D. Some baboons perform new tasks but dont concentrate.62. Dr. Carters findings indicate that our culture might be formed through _.A. storing information B. learning from each other C. understanding different people D. travelling between social groups Passage7 (xx湖南卷C)The behaviour of a buildings users may be at least as important as its design when it es to energy use, according to new research from the UK Energy Research Centre (UKERC). The UK promises to reduce its carbon emissions (排放）by 80 percent by 2050, part of which will be achieved by all new homes being zero-carbon by xx. But this report shows that sustainable building design on its own though extremely important is not enough to achieve such reductions: the behaviour of the people using the building has to change too. The study suggests that the ways that people use and live in their homes have been largely ignored by existing efforts to improve energy efficiency (效率)，which instead focus on architectural and technological developments.“ Technology is going to assist but it is not going to do everything,” explains Katy Janda, a UKERC senior researcher，“consumption patterns of building users can defeat the most careful design. ” In other words，old habits die hard, even in the best-designed eco-home.Another part of the problem is information. Households and bill-payers dont have the knowledge they need to change their energy-use habits. Without specific information，its hard to estimate the costs and benefits of making different choices. Feedback (反馈）facilities, like smart meters and energy monitors，could help bridge this information gap by helping people see how changing their behaviour directly affects their energy use; some studies have shown that households can achieve up to 15 percent energy savings using smart meters.Social science research has added a further dimension (方面），suggesting that individuals behaviour in the home can be personal and cannot be predicted一whether people throw open their windows rather than turn down the thermostat (恒温器) , for example. Janda argues that education is the key. She calls for a focused programme to teach people about buildings and their own behaviour in them.66.As to energy use, the new research from UKERC stresses the importance of_.A. zero-carbon homes B. the behaviour of building usersC. sustainable building design D. the reduction of carbon emissions67.The underlined word “which” in Paragraph 2 refers to”_.”A. the ways B. their homes C. developments D. existing efforts68.What are Katy Jandas words mainly about?A. The importance of changing building users, habits.B. The necessity of making a careful building design.C. The variety of consumption patterns of building users.D. The role of technology in improving energy efficiency. 69.The information gap in energy use _. A. can be bridged by feedback facilities B. affects the study on energy monitorsC. brings about problems for smart meters D. will be caused by building users old habits70.What does the dimension added by social science research suggest?A. The social science research is to be furthered.B. The education programme is under discussion.C. The behaviour of building users is unpredictable.D. The behaviour preference of building users is similar.Passage8（xx全国卷I D）