2019-2020年高中英语Module1Europe-Grammar.doc

2019-2020年高中英语Module1Europe-GrammarGrammarPassive voice and subject and verb agreementGoals To learn about passive voice: present and past forms To learn about subject and verb agreementProceduresStep 1: Learning about passive voice: present and past formsFor every tense in the Active Voice, there is a corresponding tense in the Passive Voice. In the Passive Voice, the verb to be acts as an auxiliary. The Passive Voice tenses of an English verb are formed from the corresponding conjugations of to be, followed by the past participle of the verb.The Formation of passive voice: present and past formsTenseAuxiliaryVerb FormSimple Presentam/is/arepast participlePresent Continuousam/is/are beingpast participlePresent Perfecthave/has beenpast participlePresent Perfect Continuoushave/has been beingpast participleSimple Pastwas/werepast participlePast Continuouswas/were beingpast participlePast Perfecthad beenpast participlePast Perfect Continuoushad been beingpast participleSimple Futurewill (shall) bepast participleFuture Continuouswill (shall) be beingpast participleFuture Perfectwill (shall) have beenpast participleFuture Perfect Continuouswill (shall) have been beingpast participleStep 2: Making passive voice sentences in present and past formsNow you are going to turn as many sentences from Great European Cities as possible into passive voice sentences in present and past forms.Paris is made the capital of France.Paris is built on the River Seine. Paris is regarded as one of the most beautiful cities in the world.Paris is visited by more than eight million tourists every year. The Eiffel Tower is looked as the most popular place for tourists.The Eiffel Tower is made the famous symbol of Pairs. The Louvre is also found in Paris. The Church of the Sagrada Familia was designed by an architect.The architect is called Antonio Gaudi. The church hasnt been finished yet.The paintings were produced by great artists. Florence is visited each year by about a million tourists.Athens is found to be the birthplace of western civilization. The Parthenon was built during this period. Greeces best writers were invited to live in ancient Athens. Other writers were influenced by them.Step 3: Learning about subject and verb agreementBasic Principle: Singular subjects need singular verbs; plural subjects need plural verbs. For example: My brother is a teacher. My sisters are mathematicians.The subject of a sentence must agree with the verb of the sentence. How do they agree? They must agree in two ways: in number: singular vs. plural, in person: first, second, or third person.We all know these meanings of agree, but when we talk about subject-verb agreement; were talking about something different: matching subjects and verbs according to number. That is, when you have a singular subject, you have to match it with a singular verb form: The boy plays. When you have a plural subject, you must have a plural verb form: The boys play.In short, simple sentences, you should have no problem with agreement. You can hear the problem: The boys plays. When its wrong, it just sounds funny. Step 4: Summarizing subject and verb agreement“more than one 名词”作主语时，谓语动词常用单数:More than one teachers gets the dictionaries.“many a 名词”作主语时，从意义上看是复数，但谓语动词常用单数：Many a workers has been sent to build the dam “half of, the rest of, most of, all of及百分数或分数of 等后接名词”作主语时，谓语动词形式根据of后的名词而定：Three fourths of the land is covered with trees.all指人时，动词用复数；all指物时，动词用单数：All are present and all is going well.what引导的主语从句，谓语动词可视表语而定：表语是单数名词时，动词用单数，相反，则用复数：What they want to get are a number of good cars.and连接的两个单数名词前若用each, every, no修饰，该名词短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式：No man and no dog is found in the room.当主语后面有as well as, with, along with, together with, but, like, rather than, except等引的短语时,谓语动词与最前面的主语保持一致:My mother as well as her sisters has been toTaiyuan each作主语的同位语时， 谓语动词由主语来决定，与each无关：They each have a radio set.动词不定式、动词-ing形式短语作主语时，谓语动词常用单数：Going shopping on weekends is not good.The following 作主语时，谓语动词的数与后面名词的数保持一致：The following are my articles. 下面是我的文章。以-ics结尾的学科名词，如politics等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。以-s结尾的名词news, works等同属此类：Politics is not interesting.有些用来表示由两个对应部分组成一体的名词复数（trousers, glasses, shoes等）作主语时，前面若有“一条”、“一副”、“一把”之类的单位词，动词用单数；若没有单位词或单位词是复数，则谓语动词用复数：The trousers are ok.“One and a half 名词”作主语时，谓语动词要用单数：One and a half hours is not enough.“one or two/ more复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数：One or two cities are flooded. “one of复数名词 定语从句”结构中，定语从句的谓语动词要用复数；而在“the only one of复数名词定语从句” 结构中，定语从句的谓语动词要用单数：He is one of the workerswho got laid off.表示时间、距离、金钱等的复数名词作主语表达一个整体概念时，谓语动词常用单数，但若强调数量，谓语动词可用复数：One million yuan is a lot of money.Step 4: Absorb information concerning National College Entrance Examination高考链接1. Nobody but Jane _ the secret. (xx全国)A. knowB. knows C. have known D. is known 2. All but one _ here just now. (xx全国)A. is B. was C. has been D. were3. Not only I but also Jane and Mary _ tired of having one examination after another. (xx全国)A. is B. are C. am D. be 4. A library with five thousand books _ to the nation as a gift. (xx全国)A. is offered B. have offered C. are offered D. has offered5. When and where to build the new factory _ yet. (xx全国)A. is not decidedB. are not decided C. has not decidedD. have not decided 6. The number of people invited _ fifty, but a number of them _ absent for different reasons. (1996全国)A. were, was B. was , was C. was , were D. were , were7._ of the land in that district _ covered with trees and grass. (xx全国)A. Two fifth, isB. Two fifth, are C. Two fifths, isD. Two fifths , are8. A poet and artist _ ing to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow afternoon. (xx天津) A. is B. are C. was D. were9. Most of what has been said about the Smiths _ also true of the Johnsons.（xx安徽）A. are B. is C. being D. to be10. What we used to think _ impossible now does seem possible. (xx天津) A. is B. was C. has been D. will beKeys: 1-5 BDBAA 6-10 CCABBStep 5:巩固练习1. This is one of the most interesting questions that _ asked.A. have B. has C. have been D. has been 2. Between then two rows of trees _ the teaching building.A. stand B. stands C. standing D. are3. All that can be done_.A. has been done B. has done C. have done D. were done4. They each _ a new dictionary.A. has B. have C. is D. are5. The singer and the dancer _ e to the meeting.A. has B. have C. are D. is6. I have finished a large part of the book ; the rest _more difficult.A. is B. are C. was D. were7. The wounded _ by the hospital.A. have been taken inB. has been taken in C. have taken in D. has taken in8. Business studies _ a skill-based subject which_ students ability to use their knowledge.A. is; test B. is; tests C. are; test D. are; tests9. Behind the discussion about free e-mails _ the idea of how to use the Internet correctly.A. is B. are C. have D. has10. The excellent service of the waiters _ highly praised. Thats why the restaurant is always full of people.A. were B. are C. was D. isKeys: 1-5 CBABB 6-10 AABAD