2019-2020年高中英语 Unit 5 The power of nature知识精讲 新人教版选修6.doc

2019-2020年高中英语 Unit 5 The power of nature知识精讲 新人教版选修6一、学习目标：知识目标：学习本单元的单词、短语和句型。能力目标：利用所学基础知识来提高实际做题能力。二、重点、难点：重要单词：equipment, power, appoint, wave, absolute, suit, potential, actual, shoot, anxious, guarantee重要短语：make ones way, glance through, vary fromto, protect from, be home to, pick up, have a gift for重要句型1）This is because no one lives near the top of Mount Kilauea. 2）I was about to go back to sleep when suddenly my bedroom became as bright as day.3）but this being my first experience, I stayed at the top and watched.4）Among the rare animals are cranes, black bears, leopards, and tigers.三、知能提升：（一）重点单词单词学习1. equipment n.设备; 器材; 装备; 配备【例句】We must provide the school out with necessary equipment.我们必须向这所学校提供必需的设备。【知识拓展】equip vt.装备, 配备；使有能力, 使胜任 equipwith用装备They equipped themselves with a pair of sharp axes and set off for the forest.他们带上两把利斧便朝森林走去。His college study has equipped him for a career as a teacher.大学的学习使他能胜任教师的工作。2. power n.【用法】1）权力, 势力; 影响力例句This country extends its power and influence into neighbouring countries.这个国家将其势力与影响扩大至邻国。2）政权例句This new government will e into power next month.新政府将在下个月开始执政。3）职权例句The powers of a judge are defined by law.法官的权限是由法律规定的。4）能力, 天赋; 体力, 力量例句We shall gladly lend every effort in our power toward its realization.我们很乐意在力所能及的范围内促使其实现。【考查点】strength / power / force的区别strength 用于身体指力气、力量；用于物体指承受或抗拉的强度；也可指长处。 power用于人体、机械或风时指可应用的能量，也可指电力、权力和能力。force用于爆炸、风暴或打击时释放的能量及其对物体的冲击力；也可指暴力。【知识拓展】powerful adj. 强健的, 强而有力的；强大的, 作用大的e into power掌权；上台power station 发电站【考题链接】Your cousin is so full of _ that he cant keep still. A. force B. power C. strength D. energy答案：D解题思路：词义辨析题。full of energy意为“精力充沛”，符合句意。3. appoint vt.任命, 委派；确定, 指定; 约定【例句】He was appointed president of Beijing University. 他被任命为北京大学的校长。We must appoint a day to meet again.我们要约定好下次会面的日期。He appointed the schoolhouse as the place for the meeting.他指定校舍为开会地点。【知识拓展】appointment n.约会, 约定, 预约 have / make an appointment with sb跟某人约会。I have an appointment with him at four oclock.我和他在四点钟有个约会。They made an appointment for the second day of May.他们在五月二号有个约会。【考题链接】He had a talent for puter and was_ manager of the pany at the age of 30.A. assignedB. appointedC. namedD. honored答案：B 解题思路：词义辨析题。这里appoint意为“任命”。而A意为“布置”；C意为“命名”；D意为“给荣誉”，都与句意不符。4. wave【用法】1）n. 波, 波浪, 波涛,海浪；挥手, 招手例句The waves are high. 波涛汹涌。He saluted his friends with a wave of the hand.他挥手向他的朋友致意。2）vi. 飘扬, 摇摆, 起伏例句The grass waved in the wind.草在风中摇摆不定。3）vt. & vi. 挥动示意, 挥手(打招呼、问候等)例句He waved until they were out of sight.他挥着手, 直到再也看不到他们。We waved good-bye to her at the airport.我们在机场向她挥手告别。5. absolute adj. 绝对的, 完全的；全部的；不受任何限制约束的; 无条件的【例句】I look upon this as an absolute necessity.我认为这是绝对必要的。Can an absolute ruler do just as he pleases?独裁者就能为所欲为吗?【知识拓展】absolutely adv. 完全地；绝对地Lucy is absolutely devoted to her cats.露西全身心地爱着她的猫。Dont worry. Your voice sounds absolutely fine.别担心，你的声音听起来非常好。【考查点】absolutely还可以用于口语中，用以强调，表示毫无保留、无条件地赞同。意为完全正确，一点错也没有。“Do you think so?” “Absolutely.”“你是这样想的吗？”“当然。”【考题链接】When giving evidence in a law court, people are expected to tell the _ truth.A. maximum B. perfect C. positive D. absolute答案：D解题思路：词义辨析题。本句句意：在法庭上提供证据时，人们要提供绝对的事实。A意为“最大极限的”，B意为“完美的”，C意为“明确的”，D意为“完全的”，根据句意应选D项。6. suit 【用法】1）n.一套衣服例句He changed his overalls for a suit.他脱下工装裤, 换上了一套西服。Ill take my swimming suit. 我将带着我的游泳衣。2）vt.适合于(某人)例句That song doesnt suit her voice.那首歌不适合她的嗓音。These styles can be adapted to suit individual tastes.这些式样可加以更改, 以适合个人的喜好。3）对方便, 使满意例句Will that time suit? 那个时间合适吗?【考查点】match, suit, fitmatch多指大小、色调、形状、性质等方面的搭配。Its difficult to match the color of the old paint. 很难找到与旧画颜色相配的色彩。suit多指合乎需要、口味、性格、条件、地位等。This candidate does not suit our qualifications. 这个候选人不符合我们的条件。Does this time suit you ? 这个时间适合您吗？fit多指尺寸、大小合适。The coat fits me well, but the style doesnt suit me.这件大衣尺寸上很适合我，但是款式不适合我。【考题链接】How about eight oclock outside the cinema?That _ me fine. A. fits B. meets C. satisfies D. suits答案：D解题思路：本题指时间上适合于某人，合乎需要，所以选D项。7. potential1）adj. 潜在的, 有可能的【例句】Its important to draw out a childs potential capacities.发掘孩子的潜在能力是很重要的。2）n. 潜力, 潜能, 可能性【例句】This new invention has an enormous sales potential.这项新发明有巨大的销售潜力。【考题链接】People who dont smoke have less _of suffering from heart disease than those who do so.A. potential B. cause C. hope D. problem答案：A解题思路：词义辨析题。根据句意：不吸烟的人比吸烟的人患心脏病的可能性要小。这里potential的意思为“可能性”。B“原因”，C“希望”，D“问题”均不符合句意。8. actual adj. 实在的, 实际的, 事实上的【例句】Whats your actual ine? 你的实际收入是多少？【知识拓展】actually adv. 实际上, 确实Actually, I have been teaching English for ten years. 实际上我教英语已有十年之久。actually的同义短语有：in fact, as a matter of fact, in reality【考题链接】I dont know the _ ine of the family, but I do know it is very small.A. true B. real C. actual D. exactly答案：C解题思路：actual 表示“实际的，真实的”，如：the actual price，而exactly是副词，不能修饰名词。A、C意为“真正的”，与句意不符。9. shoot vt. & vi.开枪, 射击; 射中, 射死【例句】She has shot the wolf wounded. 她已经把那只狼打伤了。Our striker got into a good position to shoot, but then missed his kick.我们的前锋取得一个有利的位置射门, 可惜没有射中。【知识拓展】n. 幼苗；嫩芽；新枝Rose bushes shoot again after being cut back.玫瑰丛修剪后还能再长出新枝。10. anxious adj. 焦急的, 忧虑的, 担心的；渴望的, 急切的, 非常希望用法be anxious that 担心be anxious for 渴望得到be anxious about担心【例句】We had a very anxious time until we knew that they were safe.我们一直忧虑直到得知他们平安无事。He looks anxious. 他面带忧虑的神色。We are anxious that he should listen to our advice.我们担心他是否会听从我们的劝告。They are really anxious for peace. 他们确实渴望和平。I was anxious for everything to be settled.我渴望每一件事都安排妥当。I was anxious about the children when they didnt e back home from school.孩子放学后没有回家，我非常担心。【考题链接】Get in touch with them, for they will be anxious _ news of your arrival. A. at B. for C. about D. to 答案：B解题思路：本题考查固定搭配。be anxious for意为“渴望得到”。11. guarantee vt. 保证，担保 n. 保证, 保证书,保修【用法】guarantor 担保人；保证人stand guarantee for .替担任保证人guarantee of sth./that 的保证bank guarantee 银行担保offer ones house as a guarantee以房屋为担保品【例句】Blue skies are not always a guarantee of fine weather. 蔚蓝的天空并不永远保证晴朗的天气。Many shopkeepers guarantee satisfaction to customers. 许多店主保证使顾客满意。We cannot guarantee the punctual arrival of trains in fogy weather. 雾天我们不能保证火车准时到达。The rain guarantees a good crop this year.这场雨保证了今年有好收成。My watch is guaranteed for one year.我的表保修一年。【考题链接】Working hard is not only a_ of great success, but is among the essential requirements.A. sign B. signal C. guarantee D. supposition答案：C解题思路：考查名词辨析。由前句意思为努力工作不仅是（获得）巨大成功的保证，可知选C。即学即练1. As the medicine took _，the patient became quieter. A. force B. power C. effect D. part2. What do you think of John?Well, _ his homework is late，but on the whole，hes a good student. A. generally B. especially C. absolutely D. occasionally3. Most of us think this reference book _ better _our textbook. A. goes; withB. fits; forC. suits; toD. matches; with4. The Great Barrier Reef is the largest coral formation in the world and is visible from space! _, it is not one reef but a chain of thousands.A. GenerallyB. ParticularlyC. ProbablyD. Actually（二）重点短语短语学习1. make ones way（向某地）走（去）【例句】She hesitated, but made her way forward. 她犹豫了一下，但还是向前走去。She hastily left the room, and made her way to her bed. 她匆忙离开房间，朝她床边走去。【知识拓展】make ones way 还表示“有出息” If you want to make your way in the world, you must learn to work hard while you are still young. 你若想要扬名于世，在年轻的时候就要学会发奋。make way (for) 让路，让位All the traffic has to make way for a fire engine. 所有的车辆都得给消防车让道。I shall make way for a younger man.我将把职位让给更年轻的人。【考题链接】If you want to_, you must work hard while youre still young.A. make your way B. make its way C. make a way D. make the way答案：A解题思路: 考查动词短语辨析。按照句意：如果你想走出自己的路，趁着年轻你必须好好努力。make it way意为“有利可图”，不合题意，C，D搭配有误，选A项。2. glance through浏览；粗略地看【例句】He glanced through his notebook before the exam.考试之前，他粗略地温习了一下他的笔记本。【知识拓展】at a glance（看）一眼（就）；马上She saw at a glance what had happened.她一眼就看出发生了什么事。at first glance乍看之下，一看就At first glance the plan seemed unworkable.乍一看此计划好像不可行。3. vary fromto 由到不等；从变为 【例句】These fishes vary in price from 3 to 5.这些鱼的价格从3英镑到5英镑不等。Her mood varied from optimism to extreme depression.她的情绪由乐观一变而为极度消沉。【知识拓展】vary in/on 在方面不同vary with/according to 随变化而变化n. variety 多样性；种类 adj. various 各种各样的a variety of /varieties of = various 多种多样的diversity “多样性 变化多样” 相当于varietya wide diversity of opinions 众说纷纭a great diversity of methods各种不同的方法【考题链接】The charge _from 5 yuan to 10 yuan.A. changes B. varies C. differ D. range答案：B 解题思路：考查动词词义辨析。由句意可知此处是指“收费的多样化”，故选B。4. protect from保护，不受【例句】Put on sunglasses to protect your eyes from sunlight.戴上太阳镜以保护你的眼睛不受阳光的伤害。【考查点】protectfrom与preventfrom虽然这两个短语形似，但意义不同。protectfrom后常接名词，而preventfrom的意思是“阻止，防止”，其后常接动名词。Nothing can prevent the Mainland and Taiwan from reuniting into one. 没有什么能阻止大陆与台湾的统一。【考题链接】He was wearing his dark glasses to _ his eyes from the strong sunlight. A. defend B. protect C. prevent D. stop答案：B解题思路：词义辨析题。protect保护，defend保卫，prevent阻止，stop停止。句意：他戴上墨镜以保护眼睛免受强烈阳光的伤害，选B项。5. be home to产地, 生长地; 发源地【例句】China is home to pandas. 中国是熊猫的故乡。Yunnan province is home to elephants and peacocks.云南是大象和孔雀的生息地。Paris is home to womens fashions.巴黎是妇女时装的中心。6. pick up拾起；抱起；（无意中）学会；见到；听出，收听到；搭载；好转（转好）; 恢复【例句】He picked up his crying child. 他抱起了他的啼哭的孩子。If you go to England youll soon pick up English. 你如果到英国去，很快就能学会英语的。My newly-bought radio can pick up BBC programmes. 我新买的收音机可以接收BBC的节目。Well send the ambulance to pick him up. 我们将派一辆救护车把他接走。When is the weather going to pick up? Its been bad for weeks.天气什么时候转好?几周以来一直很糟糕。 【知识拓展】pick out 选出；挑出；拣出；区别出；看出。Can you pick out the right one? 你能找出正确的那一个吗？Theres such a big crowd that I cant pick my father out. 人太多了，我找不出我父亲来。【考题链接】Everyone in the hospital hoped that he _ after a few days treatment. A. took up B. gave up C. made up D. picked up答案：D解题思路：此题考查词组辨析。take up拿起，从事；give up放弃；make up 弥补；pick up 好转，恢复。根据句意，应选D项。7. have a gift for对有天赋【例句】He has a gift for music. 他有音乐天赋。You have the gift/talent to learn foreign languages. 你有学外语的天赋。【知识拓展】have a gift for (doing) sth.= have the gift to do sth. 对有天赋；有做某事的才能a man of excellent gifts一个非常有才华的人 a gifted/ talented person 一个有天赋的、有才华的人【考题链接】Beethoven is a great poser, so he _ music. A. has an eye for B. has a gift for C. looks up to D. looks forward to答案：B解题思路：本题考查固定短语，have an eye for对某事有判断力；have a gift for对有天赋，look up to尊重；look for ward to盼望，根据句意应选B项。即学即练 1. As supermarkets can offer a _of goods, more and more people like shopping there.A. variety B. mixture C. bination D. range2. Put the flowers in warm rooms to _ them _ the freezing cold.A. rescue; off B. protect; from C. keep, from D. stop; from3. He_ some German while he was away on a business trip in Berlin.A. picked out B. picked upC. gave upD. gave out4. Mrs. Taylor has _ 8-year-old daughter who has _ gift for paintingshe has won two national prizes. A. a; a B. an; the C. an; a D. the; a（三）重点句型句型学习1）This is because no one lives near the top of Mount Kilauea. 【句子分析】这里的because引导的是表语从句。【例句】The hotels in Guangzhou are very expensive now and this is because Asian Games are being held there.现在广州的宾馆非常的昂贵，这是因为亚运会正在那里举行。【考查点】why，because，that引导的表语从句：虽然三者均可引导表语从句，但 that 没有词义，当句子的主语是reason时，其后的表语从句往往要由that引导，而 why 和 because 各自有自己的意思并作一定的句子成分；另外，虽然 why和 because 都可引导表语从句，但前者强调结果，后者强调原因。The reason was that you dont trust her. 原因是你不信任她。He was ill. Thats why he was sent to the hospital. 他病了，所以被送到医院来。He was sent to the hospital. Thats because he was ill. 他被送到医院，是因为他生病了【考题链接】用why，because及that填空： Many people choose to travel to Taiwan. Thats_ people can fly there non-stop from December 15, xx. The reason for global warming is_ people are polluting our earth.Phelps is always training hard. Thats_ he won eight gold medals in the 29th Olympic Games.答案：because that why答案及解题思路：许多人选择去台湾旅游，这是因为从xx年12月15号起，台湾与大陆实现直航，应用because。当主语为reason时，表语从句的引导词为that。由句意：菲尔普斯总是刻苦训练，那就是他在第29届奥运会夺得8枚金牌的原因。why表示结果。2）I was about to go back to sleep when suddenly my bedroom became as bright as day.句子分析句中的when是一并列连词。其所连接的两个分句中，第一个分句表示的是背景，第二个分句表示的是一种突然的、意想不到的情况或过早发生的事情。 when 通常含“这时突然”之意。例句I was thinking of this, when I heard my name called. 我正想着这件事，突然听到有人叫我的名字。【考题链接】I had been puzzled over the problem for over an hour without any result, _ all at once the solution flashed across my mind. A. while B. when C. then D. as答案：B解题思路：空白处意为“突然，正在这时，”四个选项中只有when在这里表示“这时突然”。3)but this being my first experience, I stayed at the top and watched.【句子分析】this being my first experience是独立主格结构。动词的-ing形式和过去分词均可以用于独立主格中，-ing形式和过去分词在句中均有逻辑主语，但有时它们也能有自己的独立的主语，这种独立的主语，一般为名词或代词，位于其前，他们一起构成独立主格。独立主格在句中一般只作状语。-ing形式和过去分词的形式，则要根据它们所表示的动作和句中谓语动词所表示的时间关系而定。至于独立主格中是使用动词的-ing形式或是过去分词，则要根据它们的主语和动作之间的主动、被动关系而定。【例句】The bell ringing, we all stopped talking. 铃声响了，我们都停止了交谈。The work having been finished, she sat down to have a rest. 工作完成后，她坐下休息一会。【易错点】独立结构中的being或having been常可省去。The meeting (being) over, all left the room. 作伴随状语的独立结构常可用with短语来代替。She read the letter, tears rolling down her cheeks.She read the letter with tears rolling down her cheeks.【考题链接】Time _, theyll e here to watch us _ football.A. permitted, playing B. permitted, to play C. permitting, play D. permitting, to play答案：C 解题思路：time与后面的permit之间存在主动关系，所以要用permit的现在分词形式，而watch后接动词不定式作宾语补足语时，to要省略。4) Among the rare animals are cranes. black bears, leopards, and tigers.【句子分析】该句为among的介词短语置于句首时所引起的倒装句。 【例句】In the centre of the lake are two small islands. 湖的中心有两座小岛。At the foot of the mountain lies a temple with a history of more than xx years.山脚下坐落着一座拥有xx年历史的古庙。【考题链接】 At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and Jialing River , one of the largest cities in China.A. lies Chongqing B. Chongqing lies C. does lie Chongqing D. does Chongqing lie答案：A解题思路：表示方位的地点状语提前，句子完全倒装，所以选A项。即学即练1. Is everyone here?Not yet. Look, there_ the rest of our guests!A. e B. es C. is ing D. are ing2. Tom was about to close the windows_ his attention was caught by a bird.A. when B. if C. and D. till3. _ and no way to reduce her pain and suffering from the terrible disease, the patient sought her doctors help to end her life. A. Having given up hope of cure B. With no hope for cure C. There being hope for cure D. In the hope of cure4. I drove to Guangzhou to see the Asian Games.Is that _you had a few days off？A. whyB. when C. whatD. where一、预习新知：动词的ing形式二、预习点拨：思考问题一：回忆一下动词的ing形式的句法作用是什么？思考问题二：动词ing形式的完成式有什么意义?（答题时间：50分钟）一、单词拼写：根据所给的首字母或中文提示写出正确的单词。1. V_ is a mountain from which hot melted rocks and gas from inside earth.2. A _ is a grey or black powder substance that is left after something burned.3. H_ is an extremely violent wind or storm.4. A f_ of liquid is an amount of it which is sent up into the air and falls back.5. If you make an e_ to do something, you try very hard to do it.6. The scientists are _ （兴奋）about the results of the experiment.7. If you dont mind, Id like to know your _（实际） ine.8. The photos I took in Shanghai are _（珍贵）to me for they could call up my sweet memories visiting the EXPO.9. Dont_ （惊慌）in time of trouble especially when you are alone.10. You mustnt laugh at _（不幸的） people.11. The lake was _（天国）, which is so beautiful.12. The radio lasts _(保证) for two years.二、单项选择1. Mr. Smith, _ of the_ speech, started to read a novel. A. tired, boring B. tiring, bored C. tired, bored D. tiring, boring*2. He _ his order because of the lack of enough money.A. cancelled B. placed C. took D. received3. Did you listen to the lecture?Yes, I have never heard such a _ one.A. more exciting B. more excited C. most exciting D. most excited*4. _ any biscuits that morning, we had nothing to eat.A. Not baking B. Not having baked C. Not being baked D. Not having been baked5. _ with a difficult situation, Arnold decided to ask his boss for advice.A. To face B. Having faced C. Faced D. Facing6. He sent me an E-mail, _ to get further information.A. hoped B. hoping C. to hope D. hope7._ the child to bed, she began to correct the pupils exercise.A. Sending B. Being sent C. Sent D. Having sent8. His eyes _ with tears.A. bathed B. were bathed C. were bathing D. bathes9. Time _, I will go there with you.A. permits B. permitted C. will permit D. permitting10. You cant imagine _ when they received these Chinese presents.A. how they were excited B. how excited they wereC. how exciting were they D. they were how excited*11. When the police took the suspect to the police station, he insisted that he _ the ladys purse and that he _ free.A. not steal, be set B. didnt steal, was set C. not steal, should be D. hadnt stolen, be set12. _ for the Asian Games, Chinese team will fly to Guangzhou full of confidence.A. Prepared B. Preparing C. To prepare D. Prepare13. There was no doubt _ it was in the supermarket _ I lost my wallet yesterday.A. whether, whether B. that, that C. that, whether D. whether, that14. _, safety belts were worn only by a small percentage of passengers, which caused more deaths.A. Happily B. Unfortunately C. Therefore D. Instead15. His voice _ with anger when he heard her rude words.A. trembled B. feared C. shook D. moved三、阅读理解AThink of some of your favorite singers. When you listen, they can make you happy or sad, peaceful or angry. They can make you relax or want to get up and dance. Gifted singers have the power to affect us in many ways emotionally, physically and mentally.But being a great singer isnt as easy as listening to one. It takes practice, devotion and strong lungs! Just ask the well-known American opera（歌剧）star Carol Vaness.At the Metropolitan Opera in New York City where she often sings, Carols voice must be loud enough to be heard by four thousand people. It must reach every person in the theater, without a microphone, even when shes singing softly. The reason Carol can project her voice that far is the way she breathes.“When you breathe, its like a swimmer taking a deep breath before going underwater, ” Carol explains. “You have to take a lot of air into your lungs.”According to Carol, the main difference between pop singing and opera is “how you breathe, how much air you take in, and how you control it ing out. Regular singing is more like speaking, and its a lot softer. When I sing for children, theyre o