2019-2020年高中英语 Unit 1 Cultural relics期末知识梳理 新人教版必修2.doc

2019-2020年高中英语 Unit 1 Cultural relics期末知识梳理 新人教版必修2一、训练导入I.考纲单词写出下列考纲词汇的词性和汉义(如果不止一个词性学生自行增补词性及相应汉义)1.valuable ( )_2.survive ( )_ 3.select ( )_4.design ( )_5.decorate ( )_6.remove ( )_7.doubt ( )_8.style ( )_9.worth ( )_10.local ( )_11.evidence ( )_ 12.entrance ( )_13.sink ( )_ 14.debate ( )_15.artist ( )_II.核心短语1. _search of寻找2._return 为报答；回报3._than 少于4.think highly_看重；器重5. care_关心；在乎6._than 而不是7.belong_属于8._ war 处于交战状态9.be _for. 为设计10._the light of the moon 借助月光11serve_充当12_design 有意地13add_把加到上14no _than 仅仅15take_ 拆开16look_ 照看17_oneself 亲自18the entrance_的入口19_ones surprise 样某人吃惊的是20search _ 寻找二、知识精讲I.重点词汇 1. fancy adj. 不寻常的; 精致的; v. 想; 以为; 想像典例 1). Thats a very fancy pair of shoes! 那是一双非常别致的鞋!2). I fancy (that) its going to rain today. 我看今天要下雨重点用法fancy that以为是fancy (sbs) doing想像（某人）做某事fancy oneself自负；自命不凡fancy sb. to be / as 想象/认为某人会成为2. consider vt. 考虑；认为典例1). We are considering going to Canada, ie we may go there. 我们正考虑到加拿大去。2). We consider this (to be) very important. 我们认为这非常重要。重点用法consider doing sth./sth.考虑做某事consider sb./sth. as / to beconsider it +形容词+ to do sth.认为做某事是considering考虑到3. wonder n.惊奇，奇迹；不知道(想知道)典例1). They were filled with wonder at the sight. 他们见此情景惊叹不已。 2). I wonder who he is. 我不知道他究竟是谁。重点用法wonder +从句“自忖，自问，不知道(想知道)”wonder +if从句“请问您是否”（用于礼貌地提出请求）wonder at对感到惊奇4. doubt n.怀疑；不确定； 不信任；v.对无把握，怀疑典例1). He is without doubt the cleverest student Ive ever taught. 他确实是我所教过的学生中最聪明的。2). I doubt whether hell e. 我不敢肯定他来不来。重点用法There is no doubt about sth./ that .毫无疑问without doubt确定地；无疑地I dont doubt that 我肯定（=Im sure/certain that）I doubt if/whether 我不确定（=Im not sure/certain if/whether）5. worth adj.值得（做某事）; 有（做某事）的价值; n.价值; 用处典例 1). The new car cost a lot of money, but its certainly worth it. 买这辆新汽车花了很多钱, 但确实物有所值。2). The thieves stole 1 million worth of jewellery. 窃贼偷走了价值100万英镑的珠宝 重点用法be worth doing sth值得（做某事）; 有（做某事）的价值worth of sth用于表示数量 持续时间等的名词之后，值某金额的量II.重点词组 1. in return 回报,作为报酬2.典例 What can we do for them in return for all the help they have given us? 我们将怎样来报答他们所给予我们的种种帮助呢?短语归纳in turn 轮流地,依次; 反过来by turns 轮流地,时而时而2. rather than不是别的，而是典例1). I think Ill have a cold drink rather than coffee. 我想喝冷饮, 不想喝咖啡. 2). Its management thats at fault rather than the work-force. 错在资方而不在劳方. 短语归纳would rather do sththan do sth宁愿做；而不愿做=prefer doingto doing)other than = except for除了； 而非1. think highly of = have a good opinion of看重；高度评价典例They think highly of your work abilities. 他们对你的工作能力评价很高。短语归纳What do you think of sb./ sth.?你认为某人/物怎么样？think much/well of对评价良好think nothing of对无所谓；不把当回事think badly/poorly of对评价不高think of sb./ sth. as把某人/物当作III.重点句型 1. Frederick William I，the King Of Prussia，could never have imagined that his Greatest gift to the Russian people would have such an amazing history普鲁士国王胖特烈威廉一世怎么也不会想到他送给俄罗斯人的厚礼会有这样一段令人吃惊的历史。解释 此句中含有“could + have done”结构，用来表示对过去发生的事情的推测、批评、反悔等。它用在不同的句式中，表达的含义不同。1)用于疑问句中，表示对行为可能性的推测。如：Could he have been told the news?他被告知这个消息了吗?2)用于陈述句和肯定句，表示与过去事实相反的假设，意为“本来能够去做却没有做”。否定句表示对过去事实的推测。如：- I stayed at a hotel while in New York在纽约时我住在一家旅馆里。- Oh，did you? You could have stayed with Barbara是吗?你本来能够和巴巴拉在一起的。2. Later，Catherinehad the Amber Room moved to a palace outside St Peters-burg where she spent her summers后来，捷琳娜二世派人把琥珀屋搬到了圣彼得堡郊外她避暑的宫殿中。解释1)此句是一个含有关系副词引导的定语从句的主从复合句。主句中的谓语had the Amber Room moved是have sthdone结构，该结构中done是过去分词作补语，意为“使某事被做”“让别人做某事”，而不是主语自己做。例如：1) I had my hair cut yesterday昨天我理发了。2)where she spent her summers为定语从句，修饰先行词St Petersburg，关系副词where在从句中作地点状语。又如：This is the place where 1 was born这是我的出生地。三、语法突破限制性和非限制性定语从句根据定语从句在句中所起的作用，可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两大类。 限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。例如：This is the house which we bought last month. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。（限制性）The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。（非限制性）限制性定语从句限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，用于修饰和限定先行词。如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。书写时不用逗号与先行词分开。This is the boy who broke the window.这就是打破窗子的孩子。（the boy是先行词，who broke the window是限制性定语从句，明确指出the boy是打破窗子的那个孩子）I have a book which teaches English grammar. 我有一本讲解英语语法的书。（a book是先行词，which teaches English grammar是限制性定语从句，修饰the book）The people whom you met in the hall are from Japan. 你在大厅见到的那些人来自日本。（定语从句whom you met in the hall定先行词the people）非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句在意义上只是一个附加修饰语，对先行词或主句作些附加的说明。如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。书写时往往用逗号与先行词分开。I, who am your friend, will share the work with you. 我是你的朋友，将与你分担这项工作。（I是先行词，who am your friend是非限制性定语从句，对先行词I起附加说明的作用）New Concept English is intended for foreign students, which is known to us all. 新概念英语是专为外国学生编写的，这是我们大家都知道的。（which is known to us all是非限制性定语从句，对主句作进一步的补充说明）特别提醒1、当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的。Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮 的花园。This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。2、非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。说明：关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。【考题印证】1.（xx安徽卷-29 ）lot of language learning, has been discovered, is happening in the first year of life, so parents should talk much to their children during that period. A. as B. it C. which D. This【解析】本题考查as引导的非限制性定语从句。句意：现已发现，大量的语言学习是发生在出生后的第一年内；所以父母们在这一时期应该多给孩子说话。as引导的非限制性定语从句位置灵活，在此以插入语的形式置于主句之间，as从句修饰限定的是整个主句（a lot of language learning is happening in the first year of life）。本题易误选which，理解成which从句修饰a lot of language learning。2.（xx江苏卷-22）After the flooding, people were suffering in that area,_ urgently needed clean water,medicine and shelter to survive. A. which B. who C. where D. what【解析】本题考查定语从句。句意为：洪水过后，灾区的人们在遭受苦难，他们急需清洁的饮水、药品和住所以维持生存。根据句意，“急需清洁的饮水、药品和住所”的应该是“人”，所以指人的先行词people在非限制性定语从句中充当主语，所以用关系代词who引导，故选B项。3.(xx北京卷-26) When deeply absorbed in work, _ he often was，he would forget all about eating or sleeping. A. that B. which C. where D. when 【解析】本题考查非限制性定语从句。句意为：当他集中精力工作时，这种情况常有发生，他总是废寝忘食。由分号我们可以判断这是一个非限制性定语从句，而从句为主系表结构，缺少表语，所以选which；该受which从句修饰的是deeply absorbed in work短语。4.（xx浙江卷-17） Ellen was a painter of birds and of nature, _, for some reason, had withdrawn from all human society. A. which B. who C. where D. whom【解析】本题考查定语从句。who引导非限定性定语从句，在从句中做主语，修饰先行词Ellen（人名）。Which修行先行词是物的定语从句；whom修饰先行词为人，且在从句中做宾语；where修饰先行词是地点名词，且在从句中地点状语，均不符合语境，故排除。5.（xx江西卷-28） By 16:30, _was almost closing time, nearly all the paintings had been sold. A. which B. when C. what D. that【解析】本题考查定语从句。从后面的closing time打烊时间, 停止营业时间可以得知此句是在谈时间，但是此句中缺少主语，前面又有一个逗号，所以可以确定这里是一个非限制性定语从句，用which。【真题体验】1（xx福建卷-23） The air quality in the city, _is shown in the report, has improved over the past two months. A. thatB. it C. as D. what2.（xx陕西卷-14） It is the third time that she has won the race, _ has surprised us all. A. that B. where C. which D. what3.(xx全国卷II-8） That evening, _ I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late. A. thatB. whichC. whatD. when4.(xx北京卷)26. When deeply absorbed in work, _ he often was，he would forget all about eating or sleeping. A. that B. which C. where D. when 5.（xx全国卷II）7）Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a T-shirt, _ is a stupid thing to do in such weather. A. this B. that C. what D. which6.（xx北京卷）26）Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others, _, of course, make all the others upset. A. whoB. which C. whatD. that7.（xx江苏卷）24）Between the two parts of the concert is an interval, _ the audience can buy ice-cream.8.（xx安徽卷）28）Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator, _ it will keep for two or three weeks.A. when B. which C. where D. while9.（xx四川卷）17）The school shop, _ customers are mainly students, is closed few the holidays. A. which B. whose C. when D. where10（xx陕西卷）11）I walked up to the top of the hill with my friend, _ we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake.A. which B. where C. who D. that 【答案解析】1.【解析】本题考查定语从句的引导词。本句难点是把定语从句分割出来放在句首就很明了了，把句子转换成is shown in the report, the air quality in the city has improved over the past two months.就能直接看到非限制性定语从句引导词放句首指的是下文所提到的一句话用as引导“正如在 所写的那样”。2.【解析】本题考查which引导非限定性定语从句。句意是：这是她第三次赢得比赛，这一点让我们大家都很惊讶。根据主句的意思，可知这里先行词是整个句子且从句缺少主语 。故选C。3.【解析】本题考查非限制性定语从句。句意为：那天晚上，有关那天晚上的更多的情况我以后再告诉你结果我工作到很晚。which引导的非限制性定语从句修饰that 。evening，相当于一个插入语。4.【解析】B非限制性定语从句。 句意为：当他集中精力工作时，这种情况常有发生，他总是废寝忘食。由分号我们可以判断这是一个非限制性定语从句，而从句为主系表结构，缺少表语，所以选which；该受which从句修饰的是deeply absorbed in work短语。 5.【解析】D。考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，该句为定语从句，首先排除A和C；根据空前的逗号可知，该句为非限制性定语扶句，排除B。该从句应用which引导，which在从句中作主语，代指前丽的整个句子。6.【解析】B。考查非限定性定语从句。逗号后的非限定性定语从句中缺少主语，which引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句部分的内容。选择which。7.【解析】A。考查定语从句。句意：音乐会的两大构成部分中间有幕间休息时间，在这段时间里观众可以去买冰激凌。When引导的定语从句修饰an interval，when在从句中作时间状语。首先解析句子结构，判断从句类型，题干说“在音乐会中间有间歇，此时你可以买冰激凌。”题干的前半部分完整无缺，后半部分补充说明这个间歇你可以干的事，所以这是一个非限定性定语从句，先行词为interval，非限定性定语从句的功能就是对先行词进行补充说明。由于从句部分不缺少主干成分，而且interval表时间，所以正确答案为A8.【解析】C。考查定语从句。句意为：剩下的任何东西都可以放入冰箱，在那里可以保存两三周。根据语境，后句修饰先行词refrigerator, 而它的含义在从句中作地点状语，表示it will keep for two or three weeks (in the refrigerator). 9.【解析】D。考查定语从句。此处whose引导的非限制性定语从句修饰先行词shop，在定语从句中作customers的定语。句意为“这个学校商店，其主顾大多是学生，因为放假就关门了。”10.【解析】B。考查定语从句。先行词是hill，表地点，定语从句we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake .句子成分中缺少状语，所以应用关系副词where。 四、单元自测第一节 单项选择1.What do you think of the furniture on sale?Pretty good. But_ what you bought with the samples, I dont think it is_ the money.A. paring; worth B., pared; worthwhile C. pare; worthy D. paring; value2. Whats your opinion of some customs of the Eskimos?Because they_ from earlier times, they are quite different from our customs.A. survive B. select C. escape D. remove3Whatonearthdoyouwant? Ijustwantamonsportscoatnothing_. AfancyBamazing CinformalDvaluable 4J.K.Rowlingisaverypopularwriter，butIjustdontlikeherwriting_. AattitudeBstyle CqualityDmystery 5Look at the beautiful big house over there! It is said to_ an old Japanese woman.Abelonging to Bbe belonged to Cbelong to Dbe belonging to6(xx山东曲阜一中摸底考试一)Tom has agreed to let me use his puter to surf the Internet，and _Im treating him to a good dinner at the newlybuilt restaurant just around the cornerAin charge B.in placeCin return Din turn(xx山东鄄城一中期中考试)It is a good plan in theory，but it _ to be seen whether it works in practiceAkeeps BstaysCstands DremainsThere is no _ that social development cannot bestopped no matter whether you like it or notAidea BopinionCdoubt DscheduleWhatever I said could not_his doubt；maybe time will show it is true.Arepresent BremoveC. recover Dreward10As we a11 know，tigers and cats_the same family of beastsAbelonged to Bare belonged toCbelong to Dare belonging to11-David, could I use your car?-Sorry，there is something wrong with itI will have it _ this afternoon。Arepair Bto repairCrepairing Drepaired12Your desk is crowded with too many unnecessary things，including used papers and booksYoud better_some of themAremain BresistCremove Drenew13Its a custom to _fireworks on important occasions in ChinaAset up Bset offC. set out Dset down14-Youd sound a lot more polite if you make a request _ a questionAin search of Bin the form ofCin need of Din the direction of1 5(xx浙江台州四校联考)Jeanswest Clothing donated one million yuan to a university in Guangzhou. _, the new student activity center building was to bebranded with the panyS nameAIn turn BIn rewardCIn return DAs an award第二节完形填空（共20小题，每小题1.5分；满分30分）阅读下面的短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 When I was a teenager I volunteered to work at the water station at a 10,000m race. My job was to 1 water to the runners, I remember being so 2 to see all the different kinds of people who passed by and grabbed a cup of water. Some ran past, some walked past and a few wheeled past. I saw so many types of people doing it. I thought maybe I could do it too! So the next year I3 up for the race. That first 10,000m race was quite an 4 . I jogged, I walked, I jogged and I walked. 5 , I didnt know if I could finish. Then came a defining(起决定性作用的) 6 . At one point near the end, a 70-year-old man ran past me, very, very fast, and I felt 7 because I was 15 years old, younger than him but I couldnt even keep up with him. I felt 8 for a second. But then I 9 something. He was running his race and I was running mine. He had 10 abilities, experience, training and goals for himself. I had mine. Remember my 11 was only to finish. After a minute, it 12 me that this was a lesson I could draw from. I learned something about myself in that moment. I turned my embarrassment into 13 . I 14 that I would not give up running races. In fact, I would run even more races and I would learn how to train and prepare 15 and one day I would be one of those 70-year-old persons who were still running. As I crossed the finish line, I was proud of my 16 . In life we all have those moments when we 17 ourselves with others. Its only18 . Dont allow those moments to 19 you. Turn them into motivation and let them inspire you. With the proper preparation and training, you can improve your result to 20 anything you want in life.1. A. bring out B. pass out C. take outD. pick out2. A. excitedB. worried C. concerned D. anxious3. A gave B. made C. signed D. dressed4. A. achievement B. encouragement C. interest D. experience5. A. At times B. In time C. In all D. After all6. A. victory B. decision C. moment D. conclusion7. A. embarrassed B. annoyed C. moved D. thrilled8. A. relaxed B. defeated C. puzzled D. inspired9. A. realized B. lost C. noticed D. remembered10. A. necessary B. evident C. mon D. different11. A. motto B. plan C. goal D. direction12. A. worried B. hit C. reached D. hurt13. A. attraction B. devotion C. inspiration D. expectation14. A. hoped B. promised C. decided D. suggested15. A. slightly B. hardly C. clearly D. properly16. A. excitement B. acplishment C. movement D. judgement17. A. introduce B. relate C. present D. pare18. A. important B. natural C. strange D. ridiculous19. A. weaken B. wound C. amuse D. cheer20. A. reserve B. deliver C. achieve D. abandonARahfeal Gordon has e a long way from the homeless shelters and streets of Newark, New Jersey. The 25-year-old was honored this year by the National Foundation for Teaching Entrepreneurship for his work-giving motivational speeches to youth groups.Rahfeal Gordon tells his audience, If nobody ever says that youre brilliant, say it to yourself every day. Look yourself in the mirror: if you have survived something, I dont care how small, how big, youve survived it, he said.Rahfeal Gordon s speech is simple: He tells the story of his own life in three chapters. Each begins with a hip hop lyric (歌词) that he knows will be meaningful to a young audience.Gordon says he uses positive hip hop lyrics to encourage youths, especially those who grew in poverty and abuse, as he did. His talk is called Hip Hop Saved My Life.“ When I had my very dark moments in life, I would put on certain songs, whether it is from Jay-Z , Tupac, Kanye West, Gordon said. They kept me going through the hard times. They fulfilled a certain void (空白) that I couldnt fulfill, like not having a father or mother there, so I felt they could relate because they would tell these stories.Gordon says his childhood was happy until his father became addicted to drugs and began to beat his three brothers and mother. They left to live on the streets and in homeless shelters. Gordon says he tries now to be a voice for others, including a brother who was murdered at the age of 19. “When I lost my brother, that was, really, a moment when things really started to take off, in the sense of saying, I really, really want to be that individual to help people, to help individuals, ”Gordon said. “I cant be Superman. I cant save the world, but I think that if I can help an individual, I am saving the world. ”1. Rahfeal Gordon was honored because he _.A. has changed the lives of young people worldwideB. inspires young people to better themselvesC. encourages his students to improve the munityD. has made great achievements in his teaching career2. Rahfeal Gordon uses hip hop lyrics in his lecture because _.A. he is good at performing hip hop songsB. hip hop songs are encouraging and funny C. hip hop songs helped him spend his hard timesD. he tends to follow the fashion like youths3. What do we know about Rahfeal Gordons childhood?A. His parents forced him to leave home.B. He was badly treated since he was a child.C. His mother always beat him black and blue.D. He became homeless after his father used drugs.4. The author writes the passage mainly to_.A. share Rahfeal Gordons life story B. tell readers to follow Rahfeal GordonC. introduce an American national awardD. direct readers attention to poor childrenBGrasslands need time to rest when cattle and other animals feed on them. Moving animals from one area of pasture (牧场) to another can provide the time needed for new growth. This is called rotational grazing .(循环放牧) Rotational grazing is good for the land and the animals, and it can save money. This form of grazing can reduce the need for pesticide (农药) treatments by reducing the growth of weeds. And it can limit the need for chemical fertilizers by letting animal wastes do the job of natural fertilizer. Rotational grazing can even help prevent wildfires by keeping grasslands in good condition.Letting animals feed continually and intensively (集中地) in the same grazing areas can require costly replanting. Animals eat the most desirable growth first. When that keeps happening, the roots do not have enough time to recover. As a result, less desirable plants may replace them. Intensively used grasslands are also harmed as the soil is continually crushed under the weight of heavy animals.While rotational grazing can save money over time, it also requires planning. And that starts with a good map to mark fences, water supplies and grazin