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第2讲 推理判断题,考点1 细节推断类 【典例】(2015浙江高考D片段) Even so, part of me continued to resent walking duty. Joe and Becky had promised. Not fair, Id balk(不心甘情愿地做)silently as she and I walked. “Not fair, ”Id loudly remind anyone within earshot upon our return home.,Then one dayJanuary 1, 2007, to be exactmy husbands doctor uttered an unthinkable word: leukemia(白血病). With that, I spent eight to ten hours a day with Joe in the hospital, doing anything and everything I could to ease his discomfort. During those six months of hospitalizations, Becky, 12 at the time, adjusted to other adults being in the house when she returned from school. My work colleagues adjusted to my taking off at a moments notice for medical emergencies. Every part of my life changed; no part of my old routine remained. ,Q: The story came to its turning point when_. A. Joe died in 2009 B. Joe fell ill in 2007 C. the writer began to walk the dog D. the dog tried to please the writer,【解题思路】 速读文章, 试找出相关的信息句, 并突出关键词: _ _ _ 尝试解答: _,Then one dayJanuary 1, 2007, to be exactmy husbands doctor,uttered an unthinkable word: leukemia (白血病). Every part of my,life changed; no part of my old routine remained.,B,【解题技巧】 1. “字斟句酌”明内涵 根据文章提供的具体事实, 抓住文章中的具体细节, 如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件等, 并结合生活常识进行推理判断。重点是合理把握其内在关系, 理解其真正的含义, 做出正确的判断。 2. 常见命题方式 题干中一般有know about, learn from等词语。,考点2 逻辑推断类 【典例】(2015江苏高考C片段) Once people begin to volunteer, what leads them to remain in their positions over time? To answer this question, researchers have conducted follow-up studies in which they track volunteers over time. For instance, one study followed 238 volunteers in Florida over a year. One of the most important factors that influenced their satisfaction as volunteers was the amount of suffering they experienced in their volunteer positions. Although this result may not surprise you, it leads,to important practical advice. The researchers note that attention should be given to “training methods that would prepare volunteers for troublesome situations or provide them with strategies for coping with the problem they do experience”.,Another study of 302 volunteers at hospitals in Chicago focused on individual differences in the degree to which people view“volunteer”as an important social role. It was assumed that those people for whom the role of volunteer was most part of their personal identity would also be most likely to continue volunteer work. Participants indicated the degree to which the social role mattered by responding to statements such as “Volunteering in Hospital is an important part of who I am. ”Consistent with the researchers expectations, they found a positive correlation(正相关)between the strength of role identity and the length of time people continued to,volunteer. These results, once again, lead to concrete advice: “Once an individual begins volunteering, continued efforts might focus on developing a volunteer role identity. . . Items like T-shirts that allow volunteers to be recognized publicly for their contributions can help strengthen role identity”.,Q: What is most likely to motivate volunteers to continue their work? A. Individual differences in role identity. B. Publicly identifiable volunteer T-shirts. C. _ D. Practical advice from researchers.,【我来命题】 1. 速读文章, 试找出相关的信息句, 并突出关键词: _ _ 2. 请根据该题选项的特点将找到的信息改编成选项C: _,. . . they found a positive correlation between the strength of role identity,and the length of time people continued to volunteer.,Role identity as a volunteer.,【解题技巧】 1. “逻辑关联”得结论 抓与之相关的关键信息, 进行正向或逆向思维, 推断出其隐含的深层含义。 整合全文或全段信息, 进行综合判断, 确定最佳选项。 根据上下文逻辑关系, 进行实事求是的判断, 得出合乎逻辑的结论, 而不是仅仅根据自己的经验、观点或爱好去做出判断。,2. 常见命题方式 题干中一般有infer, conclude, intend, mean, suggest, imply, indicate等实义动词, 还有表达推测的情态动词can, could, might, would等, 可能还包括表示可能性的副词probably, possibly等及形容词likely等。,考点3 观点态度类 【典例】(2014福建高考E片段) . . . Against this background, the fact that there is an argument within the Government over whether to publish an official report on wind farms impact on the countryside becomes even more extraordinary. The two parties in the coalition(联合)government are in disagreement over what it should say.,We have some advice for the two parties: publish the report, and let the country be the judge. Even if it contains evidence that wind farms are harmful, it will hardly be a pleasant surprise to people who do not like them. Equally, supporters must argue their case by acknowledging the concerns and explaining why they are either misplaced or worthy of much attention. The suggestion that further negotiations are to take place to produce an“acceptable”report suggests that the politics of coalition government are doing the country harm in a certain way. Given the sensitivities involved, all the information should be available so that people can reach their own conclusions, rather than being left with the suspicion(猜疑)that facts are being replaced by political beliefs.,Q: Which of the following reflects the authors opinion? A. Increase political impact on energy policy. B. Release a statement of supporters on wind farms. C. Let the nation judge the facts about wind power. D. Leave the two parties to reach their own conclusions.,【解题思路】 速读文章, 试找出相关的信息句, 并标出关键词: _ _ 尝试解答: _,We have some advice for the two parties: publish the report, and let,the country be the judge.,C,【解题技巧】 1. “忠于措辞”定选项 文章作者或文中人物对某事物所持的观点或态度往往隐含在文章的字里行间或流露于修饰词之中, 注意文中作者或人物的措辞。 正确掌握字里行间所隐含或流露的意思, 切不可用自己的观点来代替作者或人物的观点。 留意那些描写所处氛围的语言及表达情感、态度或观点的词语或句子。 结合平时所积累的有关英语国家的文化传统、风俗习惯等的背景知识来进行合理的推断。,2. 常见命题方式 题干中一般有attitude, opinion, think, believe, think about等词语。,考点4 目的意图类 【典例】(2014大纲版全国卷E片段) . . . After proving he could become a young hero by saving a baby from a runaway car, Banks gets his first real task. He must make friends with a popular girl at school, Natalie Connors. Then, he must spy on her father, a scientist who has developed a dangerous technology(技术). Banks must stop a group of bad people from forcing Natalies father into using the technology to endanger the world.,The CIA may have taught him first-class self-defence moves, but they didnt show him how to talk to girls. Banks has zero ability when it comes to dealing with girls. How can he get around his problem and get an invitation to the girls upcoming birthday party? Will he finally become Natalies boyfriend and find out whatever he can about her fathers work? Agent Cody Banks has everything that young people are interested in: big explosions, breath-taking performances and funny girl-dating experiences. It was listed No. 2 in the American box office last week.,“This story is interesting and fun for the whole family to enjoy, and especially cool for young boys, ”said Paul Perkins, a film reviewer in the US.,Q: What is the purpose of the text? A. Making known the work of the CIA. B. Telling the story about a cool boy. C. Showing the dark side of science. D. Introducing a new film.,【解题思路】 速读文章, 结合文体特点试找出相关的信息句并标出与目的意图有关 的词语: _ _ _ 尝试解答: _,“This story is interesting and fun for the whole family to enjoy, and,especially cool for young boys, ”said Paul Perkins, a film reviewer in,the US.,D,【解题技巧】 1. “文体特点”求突破 记叙文: 一般会在首段或尾段呈现出高度概括的总结性的语言, 且往往有一定的哲理性, 所有的叙述都是围绕该哲理展开。 广告类应用文: 文章中有对某种物品或服务的详尽介绍, 使用具有明显支持倾向的语言。 说明文: 写作目的有赖于对文章主旨的把握, 阅读时需要找准主题句。 议论文: 提出论点进行论证得出结论, 作者的目的意图往往隐含于最后一部分中。,2. 常见命题方式 题干中一般有purpose, want to tell, in order to等词语。,考点5 文章出处或读者对象类 【典例】(2014安徽高考A) Personal Robot Make your parents and teachers happy! Are you having problems finishing your homework on time? Do you avoid tidying your room until your mom shouts at you? You dont need to worry if you buy a Mr Helping Hand personal robot. Mr H can be programmed to organize your homework. Your own personal robot will follow you around, putting away books and objects that you have left on the floor or bed.,Mr H also has these features(特点): weighs only 500 grams includes long-lasting batteries comes with a 5-year guarantee remembers simple instructions Originally(最初)sold for $499 NOW ONLY $299 BUY NOW,WATCH CONTROL This is a watch that James Bond would be proud to wear! This is NOT a watch for ordinary people! Your electronic PENGO WATCH CONTROL acts as a remote control for TVs and videos. gives you a daily weather forecast. reminds you when to hand in your homework. sets off a silent warning alarm when parents or teachers are near.,Besides, your PENGO WATCH CONTROL will always tell you the time accurately! Originally sold for $199 NOW ONLY $ 99 For further information, click here.,Q: Where would you be most likely to find the two texts? A. On a notice board. B. In a company brochure. C. On a teenage website. D. In a college newspaper.,【解题思路】 速读文章, 结合文章语言特色试找出最能体现文章出处的专用词汇 _ _ 尝试解答: _,BUY NOW,For further information, click here.,C,【解题技巧】 1. “专用词汇”做判断 考生本身要具备一定的常识, 把文章的内容与自己所具备的常识结合起来做出正确的判断。如要对报纸、杂志、网络、小说、童话、广告、说明书、旅游指南、药品说明、操作指南等文章的语言特色, 特别是其专用词汇有基本的了解, 根据文章的语言特色和其专用词汇对号入座, 快速选出最佳答案。,2. 常见命题方式 The passage would probably be found in_. The passage is most likely to be taken from/out of_. Where does the text probably come from?,【误区纠偏】 具有下列特点的选项不可作为正确选项: 1. 原文明确提到的信息, 而不是需要考生进行推断的信息。 2. 语言表达正确, 却与题干要求或文章内容不相符。 3. 推理过于绝对, 结论过于片面, 与生活常识明显不相符。 4. 内容部分正确, 部分错误。 5. 符合常识, 但文中没有信息支持。,考点6 篇章结构类 【典例】(2015重庆高考D) There are many places to go on safari(观赏野生动物)in Africa, but riding a horse through the flooded waters of Botswanas Okavango Delta must rank as one of the worlds most exciting wildlife journeys. Several safari camps operate as the base for this adventure, providing unique rides twice a day to explore deep into the delta. The camps have excellent horses, professional guides and lots of support workers. They have a reputation for providing a great riding experience.,The morning ride, when the guides take you to beautiful, shallow lakes full of water lilies, tends to be more active. It is unlike any other riding experience. With rainbows forming in the splashing water around you and the sound of huge drops of water bouncing off your body and face, it is truly exciting. You are very likely to come across large wild animals, too. On horseback it is possible to get quite close to elephants, giraffes and many other animals. The sense of excitement and tension levels rise suddenly though, as does your heart rate, as you move closer to them.,In the evening, rides are usually at a more relaxed and unhurried pace, with golden light streaming across the grassy delta and the animals coming out to eat and drink. Sedate though they are, rides at this time of day are still very impressive. As the suns rays pass through the dust kicked up by the horses, the romance of Africa comes to life. Back at the camp you can kick off your boots and enjoy excellent food and wine. Looking back on your day, you will find it hard to deny that a horseback safari is as close as you will ever come to answering the call of the wild.,Q: The author introduced the riding experience in the Okavango Delta mainly by_. A. following space order B. following time order C. making classifications D. giving examples,【解题思路】 速读文章, 找出体现作者写作思路的信息句并标出关键词: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 尝试解答: _,The morning ride, when the guides take you to beautiful, shallow,lakes full of water lilies, tends to be more active.,In the evening, rides are usually at a more relaxed and unhurried,pace, with golden light streaming across the grassy delta and the,animals coming out to eat and drink.,Back at the camp you can kick off your boots and enjoy excellent,food and wine.,B,【解题技巧】 1. “写作思路”辨结构 此类题型考查在理解全文的基础上对所描述事件的发展顺序、所说明事物的结构层次或在论证观点过程中使用的论证方法进行推理、分析、判断、总结的能力。准确把握作者的写作思路尤为重要。通常的写作方法有: 按事件发展的顺序; 按时间的先后顺序; 按地点或空间转移的变换; 按内容的总分关系; 按人物的活动内容。,2. 解题步骤 一读: 通读全文或全段; 二想: 想一想每一句或每一段的主要意思及表达方式; 三归: 把一些内容相同或关系密切的段落并在一起; 四选: 选出符合篇章结构的正确答案。 3. 常见命题方式 How is the text/. . . paragraph organized? The author develops the passage mainly by_. The passage is mainly developed in the order of_.,【文体链接】 一、议论文的分类 1. 立论文: 以议论为主要表达方式, 通过讲事实、摆道理, 直接表达自己的观点和主张的文章体裁。 (1)要对论述的问题有正确的看法 (2)用充足的有说服力的论据 (3)要言之有理, 合乎逻辑,2. 驳论文: 针对对方的观点加以批驳, 在批驳的同时阐述己方的观点。 (1)提出论点 (2)证明论点 (3)总结论点,二、议论文的解题技巧 1. 紧扣文章的论点, 论点是议论文的中心和主题, 抓住论点就抓住了主题。 2. 理解文章的论证过程, 明确作者所使用的论证方法是归纳、类推和演绎中的哪一种。 3. 抓住论证中表示因果、递进、转折等逻辑关系的信息词。 4. 通过作者使用的表达赞同、反对等感情色彩的形容词、副词或表达, 辨别作者的立场和态度。,
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