2019-2020年高考英语短文理解学案（16）.doc

阅读理解技巧阅读理解由于题材非常广泛，包括科普、社会、文化、政治、经济等；体裁多样，包括记叙文、说明文、应用文等特点，往往是考试中的难题。那么，如何做好阅读理解呢如何在平时的训练中做到心里有数，稳扎稳打的作练习；有目的、有方向的训练自己的不足之处。阅读的提高是一个中长期的训练过程，如何在第一步就领先一步呢？如何做好自己的计划和安排呢？是否真的有一些实用的技巧和方法呢？让我们来看看，到底要怎样做！第一、是要排除心理障碍，不要因为自身词汇量小，阅读文章中有较多的“拦路虎”，而对之望而生畏，造成紧张心理，导致越读越慌，越慌越难的窘境，从而影响正常的答题。对于阅读文章中的生词问题，我在后面会详细谈一下。第二、忌不带问题阅读。要先看题干，弄清题目要求，带着问题有目的地进行阅读，这样就能把握方向，同时也可边阅读边选出考查表层情况问题的答案，提高阅读效率及答题的正确性。第三、是要切忌一个词一个词割裂地理解，或将无关的词硬凑在一起理解，以致无法获取句子语义及特定语境中篇章的意义，造成信息流中断，曲解或偏离题意。第四、是要善于抓关键句和主题句。文章的第一句或最后一句往往是文章或段落的关键句或主题句，对文章的理解起着重要的作用；同时要学会正确猜测词义，有机地联系上下文，读了上文，猜测下文，不要逐词翻译，造成前后脱节，缺乏语感，以致于理解错误。第五，充分利用语篇中的文字或图表形式等基本信息，准确地捕捉关键事实和细节，进而归纳出主旨大意，领会全文的逻辑关系，弄清作者的写作意图等，进行推理判断，挖掘字里行间的深层内涵。第六，完成选择时，看其是否与文中内容相矛盾，有无文中信息支持点，再有就是看它是否完全符合题目的要求；如果让你判断其标题的话，要看文章表达的是人还是事，从而推断其标题内容。所有的选项必须以文章为基础，不要随意发挥想像或联想。第七，忌忽略时间。做阅读理解题时，一定要从整体上控制时间，时间分配根据文章的难易程度有别。文中一两处没弄懂的地方可以暂且放置一边，等把全部题做完后，再回头来处理。因为做完题后，你的心情相对放松了往往会产生新的思路、新的灵感。即使做完题后时间所剩无几了，你再把未处理的题猜测一下也不晚，因为你仍然有选对的可能性。第八，良好的阅读习惯。这个要靠平时的培养。克服阅读时不必要的附带动作，如头部转动、用手指或铅笔逐个点词等等；避免朗读，人看的速度要比读快2倍，朗读必然影响阅读速度；不要逐词逐词地看，这样既影响速度又影响理解。正确的方法是头部不动，用眼睛去扫描，这样既能提高速度又能整句理解。2019-2020年高考英语短文理解学案（16）AIn America,drivers education is part of the regular high school curriculum.Every student in his or her second year of high school is required to take a class in drivers education.However,unlike other courses,it is not given during the regular school year.Instead it is a summer course.The course is divided up into two parts:class time for learning laws and regulations and driving time to practise driving.Class time is not unlike any other class.The students have a text from which they study the basic laws they must know to pass the written driving test that is given to anyone wanting to get a drivers license.Driving time is a chance for the students to get behind the wheel (steering wheel) and practise starting steering,backing up,parking,switching lanes,turning corners,and all the other maneuvers (操作) required to drive a car.Each student is required to drive a total of six hours.The students are divided up into groups of four.The students and the instructor go out driving for twohour blocks of time.Thus,each student gets half an hour driving time per outing.The instructor and “driver” sit in the front seats and the other three students sit in the back.Drivers Ed cars are unlike other cars in which they have two sets of brakes,one on the drivers side and one on the other side where the instructor sits.Thus,if the student driver should run into difficulties the instructor can take over.The car also has another special feature.On the top of the car is a sign that reads:STUDENT DRIVER.That lets nearby drivers know that they should use extra caution(小心) because the student driver is a beginning driver,not very experenced and prone to driving slowly.After the student has passed the drivers education course and reached the appropriate age to drive(this age differs in every state but in most cases the person must be 16 years old),they can go to a designated state office to take their drivers test,which is made up of an eye examination,a written test,and a road test.The person must pass all three tests in order to be given a drivers license.If the person did well in his or her drivers education class,he or she will pass the test with flying colors and get a drivers license.56.In America,the drivers course mentioned above .A.is considered as part of the advanced educationB.is given to anyone wanting to get a drivers licenseC.is carried on at the same time as other coursesD.is offered to all the students of Grade 2 in high schools57.To prevent accidents,a drivers Ed car .A.has a sign inside it B.has two sets of brakesC.is big enough to hold five persons D.cant run very fast58.We can infer that the students are required to in their whole driving practice.A.go out driving for tweleve times B.spend at least six hours drivingC.drive for twohour blocks of time D.get half an hour driving59.Which of the following does not agree with the requirements for the students wanting to get their drivers license?A.They must be 16 years of age.B.They should go to have their drivers test.C.They must have their eyes examined.D.They ought to do well in their drivers course.60.In the last sentence,“with flying colors” means .A.happily B.successfully C.colorfully D.quicklyBGreenspace facilities (设施) are contributing to an important degree to the quality of the city environment.Fortunately it is no longer necessary that every lecture or every book about this subject has to start with the proof of this idea.At present it is generally accepted,although more as a self proved statement than on the base of a closely reasoned scientific proof.Recognizing the importance of greenspaces in the city environment is a first step on the right way,this does not mean,however,that enough details are known about the functions of greenspace in towns and about the way in which people are using these spaces.As to this subject I shall within the scope of this lecture,enter into one aspect(方面) only,namely the recreative function of greenspace facilities.The theoretical separation of living,working,traffic and recreation which for many years has been used in town and country planning,has in my opinion resulted in more attention for forms of recreation far from home,while there was relatively little attention for improvement of recreative possibilities in the direct neighbourhood of the home.We have e to the conclusion that this is not right,because an important part of the time which we do not pass in sleeping or working,is used for activities at and around home.So it is obvious that recreation in the open air has to begin at the street door of the house.The city environment has to offer as many recreation activities as possible,and the design of these has to be such that more required activities can also have recreative aspect.The very best standard of living is nothing if it is not possible to take a pleasant walk in the district,if the children cannot be allowed to play in the streets because the risks of traffic are too great,if during shopping you can nowhere find a spot for enjoying for a moment the nice weather,in short,if you only feel yourself at home after the street door of your house is closed after you.61.The importance of greenspaces in the city environment .A.has been recognizedB.is paid little attention toC.is accepted on the base of scientific proofD.is still unknown62.For many years town and country planning has .A.brought living areas and places of entertainment close togetherB.separated recreation facilities far from homeC.improved recreative possibilities in the neighbourhoodD.enabled people to reach the best standard of living63.According to the author,greenspaces should be designed .A.to reduce the number of recreative activitiesB.to attract more and more peopleC.for people to use more convenientlyD.for people to do recreative activities at the street door of the house64.The main idea of this passage is that .A.attention must be paid to the improvement of recreationB.greenspace facilities should be used better to improve the quality of lifeC.the city environment is providing more recreative activitesD.we should try our best to raise our living standardCThis is time of year when we think about giving and receiving presents.Can you find a little extra to give?On this page we suggest a few organizations you might like to help.Littleton Childrens HomeWe dont want your money,but childrens toys,books and clothes in good condition would be very wele.Also we are looking for friendly families who would take our children into their homes for a few hours or days as guests.You have so muchwill you share it?Phone Sister Thomas on 55671.Childrens HospiceWe look after a small number of very sick children.This important work needs skill and love.We cannot continue without gifts of money to pay for more nursing staff.We also need story books and toys suitable for quiet games.Please contact The Secretary,Little Childrens Hospice,Newby Road.Street FoodIn the winter weather,its no fun being homeless.Its even worse if youre hungry.We give hot food to at least fifty people every night.Its hard work,but necessary.Can you e and help?If not,can you find a little money?We use a very old kitchen,and we urgently need some new saucepans.Money for new ones would be most wele indeed.Contact Street Food,c/o Marys House,Elming Way.Littleton Phone 27713.Littleton Youth ClubHave you got an unwanted chair?a recordplayer?a pot of paint?Because we can use them!We want to get to work on our meeting room!Please phone 66231 and well be happy to collect anything you can give us.Thank you!The Night ShelterWe offer a warm bed for the night to anyone who has nowhere to go.We rent the former ercial Hotel on Green Street.Although it is not expensive,we never seem to have quite enough money.Can you let us have a few pounds?Any amount,however small,will be such a help.Send it to us at 15,Green St,Littleton.Please make check payable to Night Shelter.65.Reading the passage,you might like to help these organizations which work for .A.homeless and sick childrenB.less fortunate members of our societyC.hungry people who have no beds to sleep inD.friendly members of our society to help others66.If you like children and you could offer a happy family to a homeless child,you may go to .A.Street Food B.Night Sheleter C.Childrens Home D.Childrens Hospice67.We can infer that .A.there are too many social problems in this countryB.people are very poor during the time for givingC.warmhearted people like to give away moneyD.this passage is taken from a local newspaper68.If you want to help but you have no extra to give,you may dial and offer your help.A.27713 B.55671 C.62735 D.6623169.If your child has grown up,you may take the childs things to .A.Childrens Home and Childrens HospiceB.Youth Club and Childrens HomeC.Childrens Hospice and Night ShelterD.Youth Club and Night SheltterDThis is a true story.Rex White knows too many seamens stories to want to add to them.Besides,this happened on land.It happened in Lytham,a town on the River Ribble,near to the place where the river flows into the Irish Sea.The shape of the trees along the Lytham beach road is proof of the great strength of the wind which es in off the sea.It blows hard across the grass,the car-parks and the open road beside the river,and there is nothing to stop it.Rex White was a ships pilot.It was his job to guide ships up the river,between banks of sand,into the port of Preston.Mr White lived in a village some kilometers from the coast,so he had to drive to Lytham and leave his car in one of the car-parks beside the river.Then he used to row out to the pilot boat,and await the particular ship that it was his duty to guide.Early one morning,Mr White returned to Lytham from a night on duty,to find that he could not start his car.He had driven from his village the evening before,and had left his car in the car-park as usual.He had rowed out to the pilot boat,and gone on board the S.S.Kilkenny,which was on her way from Ireland.Then,in the early hours of the following morning,he had returned to Lytham in the pilot boat,expecting to drive home to a cup of hot chocolate and a warm bed.But no matter what he did,he could not get the engine to sart.It was a cold and windy night;there was no one about,and here was no garage open to which he could turn for help.He was just about to give up,and spend the rest of the night on the back seat of the car,when he had a bright idea.He pushed his car round so that it was facing in the direction of the wind,opened all four doors,pushed it along a short way,and then jumped in.The doors acted like sails,and in no time the wind had taken him right out of the car-park,and away down the beach road.When he tried the starter-switch once more,the engine roared to life immediately.All he had to do then was to stop the car and shut the doors.He went to bed later than usual,but he did not go without his cup of hot chocolate.Mr White was not a seaman for nothing.70.We can tell how strong the wind is along the beach road,by .A.the way the river flows into the Irish SeaB.the fact that the open road is beside the riverC.looking at the shape of the treesD.remembering that this is a true story71.“There is nothing to stop it” means .A.the wind always blows strongly without stoppingB.there is nothing in its way to break the force of the windC.there is nothing anyone can do to stop the wind blowingD.the cars do not find it easy to stop on the open road72.Because he did not live in Lytham,he had to .A.drive some kilometres to work each dayB.row out some kilometres from the coastC.travel by pilot boat from Preston to LythamD.work during the night and sleep during the dayEDuring the fourth China Beijing High-tech Industries Week,exhibitions,feature presentations,technological exchanges and trade talks,and other events are organized.Exhibitions:China International Exhibition Centre*Section for Chinas key science and technology achievements of the Ninth Five-Year Plan(1996xx).*Environmental protection and energy section.*Section for exhibitiors from other provinces and municipalities(自治市) and regions of China.China World Trade Centre*Exchange and Trade Fair for Science and Technology Books and Sports Information Media.*The Trade Fair for Modern Intelligent Houses and Beijing Urban Real Estate.China Millenium Monument*Forum(论坛) and Exhibition of Foreign Sci-tech Universities.China Agricultural Culture Centre*High-tech Construction Products Exhibition.Feature Presentation:Science and Education*Scientists Forum on the New Century.High-tech Industry*Forum on Environmental Protection.*xx Forum on Bio-technology on Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Medicine.Technical Exchanges and Trade Talks:Trade talks on financial capital transformationSino-Italian Forum and Trade Fair for the Development of IT and munications Technology73.If you want to know more about the high-tech achievements of different parts of China,you should go to .China World Trade Centre B.China Millenium MonumentC.China International Exhibition Centre D.China Agricultural Cultural Centre74.These sessions mark the achievements of mankind in the fields of .A.electronic munications,energy and educationB.sports technology,film-industry and environmental protectionC.network technology,high-tech industries and trafficD.medicine,weather broadcast and finance75.The advertisement is mainly about .A.the major activities of the high-tech weekB.the time-table of high-tech weekC.the names of the meeting placesD.the topic of trade talks5660 DBAAB6165 ABCBB 6670 CDAAC 7175 BACAA