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专题三 形容词和副词,-2-,考情概览 1.考查形容词和副词及其短语的词义辨析。高考命题者对形容词的考查主要是设置较长的题干,考查在具体语境中辨析词义的能力。对于副词主要考查以-ly结尾的副词,程度副词和表达行文逻辑、起衔接作用的副词。 2.考查形容词和副词的比较级和最高级。命题者设置巧妙的语境,题干中信息含蓄,没有明显的标志词,考生只有理解句子含义,明确比较范围,才能得到正确的答案。,-3-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,形容词和副词的词义辨析 词义辨析是高考对形容词、副词考查的一大热点。解答此类题的关键是理解所给形容词、副词的词义,认真分析具体的语境,结合基本词义、搭配等来选择正确的答案。 从近几年全国及各省市高考试题来看,考查频率最高的形容词和副词有otherwise,however,nevertheless,instead,merely,even, interested,interesting,yet,hardly,just,therefore,though,too,very, common,effective,either,ever,fair,seldom,always,rare,never,less,more,nearly,only,purposefully,rather,still,such,surprised,surprising等。,-4-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,【典例分析】 (2017天津卷,3)I want to see Mr.White.We have an appointment. Im sorry,but he is not at the moment,for the meeting hasnt ended. A.busy B.active C.concerned D.available 答案为D项。句意:我想见怀特先生,我们有约定。抱歉,他现在没有空,因为会议还没有结束。busy“繁忙的”;active“积极的”;concerned“担心的”;available“有空的;可得到的”。故选D项。,-5-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,(2016浙江卷,13)A sudden stop can be a very frightening experience, if you are travelling at high speed. A.eventually B.strangely C.merely D.especially 答案为D项。句意:突然制动是很吓人的经历,特别是你正在高速行驶的时候。根据句意,选especially “特别,尤其”。eventually“最后”;strangely“奇怪地”;merely“仅仅”。,-6-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点四,形容词和副词的比较等级 1.对两者进行同等程度的比较用“as+原级+as”句型。当as .as 中间有名词时采用“as+形容词+a(n)+单数名词+as”和“as+many/much+名词+as”的形式。如: This is as good an example as the other is. 2.对两者进行不同程度的比较用“not as/so+原级+as”句型。如: He cannot run so/as fast as you. 3.表示前者的程度超过后者时用“比较级+than”句型。如: Tom works harder than Peter. He is more diligent than his brother. 4.表示前者的程度不如后者时用“less+原级+than”句型。如: This book is less interesting than that one.,-7-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点四,5.“比较级+and+比较级”可用来表示“越来越”。如: It is becoming colder and colder. 6.“the+比较级,the+比较级”表示“越,就越”。如: The busier he is,the happier he feels. 7.要注意对应句型,遵循前后一致的原则。如: The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing.(对) The population of Shanghai is larger than Beijing.(错) 8.要避免重复使用比较级。如: He is cleverer/more clever than his brother.(对) He is more cleverer than his brother.(错),-8-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点四,9.要避免将主语含在比较对象中。如: China is larger than any other country in Asia/any country in Africa.(对) China is larger than any country in Asia.(错),-9-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点四,【典例分析】 (2016浙江卷,18)I have always enjoyed all the events you organized and I hope to attend in the coming years. A.little more B.no more C.much more D.many more 答案为D项。前面提到的名词events是可数名词,因此不能用little和much去修饰,故排除A、C两项。根据语境,“我”一直喜欢这些活动,应该希望未来几年继续参加更多(类似的活动)。后半句补全以后应该是I hope to attend many more such events in the coming years。故选D项。,-10-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点四,I think watching TV every evening is a waste of time there are meaningful things to do. A.less B.more C.the least D.the most 答案为B项。less“更少的”;more“更多的”;the least“最小的,最少的”;the most“最多的”。句意:我认为每天晚上看电视是浪费时间有更多有意义的事情去做。故选B项。,-11-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点四,特别提醒 我们在解考查比较级和最高级的题目时,分清比较的范围是关键: (1)两个事物进行比较应用比较级,三个或三个以上的事物进行比较应用最高级。做题时既要通过分析数量关系确定使用比较级还是最高级,又要注意通过句意和语境进行判断,因为很多题目并没有直接说明是几者进行比较,而是把数量隐含在句意中。 (2)若题目为省略句,应根据语境和语意寻找被比较的对象,然后确定比较的范围。,-12-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点四,比较级和最高级前的状语 1.比较级前常用表示程度的副词(短语)做状语,常见的有much/a lot/a great deal/a bit/a little/still/even/far/rather等,但是very/quite/fairly一般不用来修饰比较级。如: He is much/a lot/a great deal taller than I. 2.比较级前还常用名词、数词和倍数做状语。如: We have a third as many students as we had last term. The river is three times as long as that one. 3.最高级常用by far/much或序数词做状语。如: The population of China is by far the largest in the world. Africa is the second largest continent.,-13-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点四,【典例分析】 (2017天津南开区二模,8)How did you find your trip to Water Park in the summer of 2016? I thoroughly enjoyed it.It was than I expected. A.even much interesting B.far more interesting C.so far interesting D.far from interesting 答案为B项。句意:你认为你在2016年夏天的水上乐园之旅怎么样?我非常享受那次旅行。它比我预期的要有趣得多。根据句意可知,空处表示“有趣得多”,形容词interesting的比较级为more interesting,修饰形容词的比较级可用far或much等,故选B项。,-14-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点四,特别提醒 比较句型中用名词、数词和倍数做状语时,一定要把这些状语放在比较级前或同级比较的第一个as前。,-15-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点四,比较级的否定 1.not用来否定比较级时,只陈述客观事实,即“not+比较级+than .”表示“不比”。如: Jim is not taller than Daming. 2.no用来否定比较级时,往往带有感情色彩,对比较的两者都否定,即“no+比较级+than .”表示“和一样不”。如: The patient is no better than he was yesterday. Sunlight is no less necessary than fresh air to a healthy body. 3.“否定词+不定冠词+形容词的比较级+名词”或“否定词+比较级”表示“从未,未曾”,常常表达最高级的意义。如: This film is very moving.I have never seen a better one.,-16-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点四,【典例分析】 (2017天津高考压轴卷,25)Grandma does all her own shopping and cookingI have never seen aged person. A.an independent B.a more independent C.the most independent D.the more independent 答案为B项。句意:奶奶自己购物做饭,我从没见过比她更独立的老年人。否定词加比较级表示最高级的意思,修饰可数名词person且表示泛指,用a, 故选B项。,-17-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点四,常用连接性副词 1.besides“另外,此外”,表示递进关系。 2.however“然而”,表示让步、转折关系。常用逗号与句子的其他部分隔开。 3.though“然而,可是”,表示转折关系。做副词时,用于句末。 4.moreover“另外”,表示承接关系。 5.anyway“无论如何,不管怎样”,表示转折关系。 6.therefore“因此,所以”,表示结果。 7.meanwhile “在此期间”,表示两个动作同时发生。 8.instead“相反”,表示动作相反。,-18-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点四,【典例分析】 By accepting lower prices,organizers can sell tickets that would go unsold. A.therefore B.otherwise C.instead D.however 答案为B项。句意:组织者通过降低价格出售那些否则就会卖不出去的票。therefore“因此,所以”;otherwise“否则,要不然”;instead“代替,而不是”;however“然而”。根据句意选B项。,-19-,1.(2017江苏卷,29)Only five years after Steve Jobs death,smart-phones defeated PCs in sales. A.controversial B.contradictory C.confidential D.conventional 解析 句意:史蒂夫乔布斯死后仅五年,智能手机在销量上就击败了传统的个人电脑。controversial“有争议的”;contradictory“矛盾的”;confidential“秘密的”;conventional“传统的”。故选D项。 2.(2017江苏卷,34)The disappearance of dinosaurs is not necessarily caused by astronomical incidents.But explanations are hard to find. A.alternative B.aggressive C.ambiguous D.apparent 解析 句意:恐龙的消失并不一定是由天文事件引起的。但是很难找到其他的解释。alternative“其他的,替代的”;aggressive“侵略的”;ambiguous“含糊的”;apparent“显而易见的”。故选A项。,D,A,-20-,3.(2017天津南开区四模,2)As economy is declining,jobs to the young continue to be scarce. A.available B.convenient C.comfortable D.valuable 解析 句意:随着经济的衰退,可供年轻人选择的工作仍然很稀缺。available “可供选择的”,与句意相符,故选A项。convenient“便利的”;comfortable“舒适的”;valuable“有价值的”。 4.(2017天津红桥区上学期期中,6)Do you think Mr.Wang is a serious teacher? Absolutely.He tells jokes in his classes. A.suddenly B.occasionally C.rarely D.frequently 解析 句意:你认为王老师是个很严肃的老师吗?确实是这样。他很少在班上开玩笑。由Absolutely及句意可知,此处应选C项,rarely“极少地,罕见地”。suddenly“突然地”;occasionally“偶尔地”; frequently “频繁地”。,A,C,-21-,5.(2017天津红桥区上学期期中,10)A man,called Kidul,in Indonesia,has kept awake for over 40 years. My God!How could he work or live a life? A.usual B.common C.formal D.normal 解析 句意:在印度尼西亚,有一位叫Kidul的男子连续四十年没有睡觉。我的天哪!他是怎么工作、怎么过正常的生活的啊?normal “正常的”,与句意相符,故选D项。usual“通常的”;common“普通的”;formal“正式的”。,D,-22-,6.(2017天津河西区三模,3)Considering the different demands of the students,the school has adopted a more approach to education. A.flexible B.independent C.responsible D.considerate 解析 句意:考虑到学生的不同需求,这所学校已采用一种更为灵活的教学方式。flexible“灵活的”,符合句意,故选A项。independent“独立的”;responsible“有责任的”;considerate“考虑周到的”。,A,-23-,7.(2017天津河西区三模,9)Chemical pollution will bring about a threat to agriculture and food chain,and to human health. A.frequently B.significantly C.steadily D.consequently 解析 句意:化学污染会对农业和食物链造成威胁,因而危及人的健康。consequently“结果,因此”,符合句意,故选D项。frequently“频繁地”;significantly“显著地”;steadily“稳定地”。 8.(2017天津和平区学业水平考查模拟,9)The film is really boring.It was Ive ever seen. A.most boring film B.the more boring film C.the film more boring D.the most boring film 解析 句意:这部电影真无聊。它是我看过的最无聊的电影。由Ive ever seen可知此处应该用形容词的最高级修饰名词film,且最高级前应加定冠词the,故选D项。,D,D,-24-,9.(2017天津和平区上学期期末,9)Mr.Black has made great achievements in science,but he remains and never talks about them. A.silent B.modest C.calm D.active 解析 句意:布莱克先生已经取得了很大的科学成就,但是他仍然保持谦虚的态度,从不提起这些成就。modest“谦虚的”,符合句意,故选B项。silent“沉默的”;calm“镇定的”;active“活泼的”。 10.(2017天津和平区一模,14)They carry out checks on milk products to make sure that they are of high quality. A.common B.natural C.ordinary D.regular 解析 句意:他们对奶产品进行定期检查,以确保其高质量。regular “定期的”,与句意相符,故选D项。common“普通的;共同的”;natural “自然的”;ordinary“普通的,平常的”。,B,D,-25-,11.(2016江苏卷,31)His comprehensive surveys have provided the most statements of how,and on what basis,data are collected. A.explicit B.ambiguous C.original D.arbitrary 解析 句意:他全面的调查已经为这些数据是如何收集、以及在什么基础上收集的提供了最明确的说明。explicit“明确的”,与句意相符,故选A项。ambiguous“模糊的”;original “原始的”;arbitrary“任意的”。 12.It was of Michael to inform us of his delay in case we got worried. A.careless B.considerate C.patient D.generous 解析 句意:迈克尔想得很周到,他通知我们他耽搁的事情,以免我们担心。considerate “考虑周详的,体贴的”,故B项符合句意。careless“粗心的”;patient“耐心的”;generous“慷慨大方的”。,A,B,-26-,13.The police officers decided to conduct a thorough and _ review of the case. A.comprehensive B.complicated C.conscious D.crucial 解析 句意:警方决定对这个案件进行一次彻底而又全面的审查。comprehensive“全面的,无所不包的,详尽的”;complicated“复杂的”; conscious “神志清醒的”;crucial“至关重要的,关键的”。与thorough并列时,comprehensive最符合句意。 14.Im so to all those volunteers because they helped my terrible day end happily. A.special B.superior C.grateful D.attractive 解析 句意:我非常感激那些志愿者们,因为他们让我那糟糕的一天有了一个快乐的结尾。grateful“心存感激的”;special“特别的”; superior “出众的”;attractive“吸引人的”,C项符合句意。,A,C,-27-,15.Andy is content with the toy.It is he has ever got. A.a better B.the better C.a best D.the best 解析 从he has ever got来判断,比较的范畴是三个或三个以上,所以应该用形容词的最高级,并且形容词的最高级前用定冠词the,故选D项。句意:安迪对这个玩具很满意。这是他曾经收到的最好的玩具了。 16.The girl used to be shy,but is getting active in group work and is more willing to express herself. A.gradually B.usually C.previously D.merely 解析 句意:这个女孩过去很腼腆,但现在逐渐地积极参加集体活动,也更乐意表达自己了。gradually“逐渐地”;usually“通常地”; previously“先前,事先”;merely“仅仅”。根据句意可知选A项。,D,A,-28-,17.Did you enjoy yourself at the party? Yes.I have never been to one before. A.a more excited B.a more exciting C.the most excited D.the most exciting 解析 句意:你在晚会上玩得高兴吗?是的。这是我参加过的最令人兴奋的晚会。“a+比较级+名词”意为“一个更的”。这里比较级与否定词连用表达最高级。 18. Fitness is important in sport,but of at least importance are skills. A.equal B.reasonable C.fair D.proper 解析 句意:体格对运动来说很重要,但是技能至少也是同样的重要。equal“相等的”;reasonable“合理的”;fair“公平的”;proper“恰当的”。,B,A,-29-,19.The reason why her son is always thin is that he is about what he eats. A.curious B.concerned C.particular D.crazy 解析 句意:她儿子总是很瘦的原因是他对吃饭很挑剔。be curious about“对好奇”;be concerned about “关心”;be particular about “对挑剔”;be crazy about“热衷于”。 20.The final score of the basketball match was 93-94.We were only beaten. A.nearly B.slightly C.narrowly D.lightly 解析 句意:这场篮球赛的最终比分是93-94。我们仅仅是惜败。nearly“几乎”;slightly“稍微地”;narrowly“勉强地”;lightly“轻轻地”。,C,C,-30-,21.When a customer withdraws money from the bank,it is required to leave his signature.But how can we be sure it is ? A.absolute B.alternative C.academic D.authentic 解析 句意:客户在银行取款时需要留下签名,但我们如何能确信签名是真实的?absolute“绝对的”;alternative“可供选择的”;academic“学术的,纯理论的”;authentic“真实的”。根据but的转折可知,银行要求签名为的是确认取钱人员的可靠性,但我们无法确信留下的签名是否“真实”。故D项正确。,D,-31-,22.Do you have the time? Yes.But my watch is not very . A.efficient B.temporary C.proper D.accurate 解析 句意:你知道几点钟了吗?是的。但我的表不是很精准。efficient“高效的”;temporary“暂时的”;proper“恰当的,合适的”; accurate“准确的,精确的”。根据句意选D项。 23.You havent changed at allyou still look the same as before. A.actually B.hardly C.properly D.exactly 解析 句意:你根本没有变,看起来仍然和以前一模一样。actually“实际上”;hardly“几乎不,简直不”;properly“合适地”; exactly“恰恰是”。根据句意选D项。,D,D,-32-,24.My teacher speaks English well indeed,but of course not a native speaker. A.as fluent as B.more fluent than C.so fluently as D.much fluently than 解析 句意:我的老师的英语说得的确好,但当然还是不如以英语为母语的人讲得流利。由于修饰动词speaks,故用副词fluently;又因是否定句,故用not so .as .结构。 25.According to the data from Robbs studies,men produce slightly speech.But no sex difference in the reading task was found. A.clearest B.clear C.clearly D.clearer 解析 句意:罗伯的研究数据表明,男性的语言表达更清楚一些。但是在阅读任务中没有发现性别方面的差异。这里是在男性和女性之间进行的比较,故用形容词的比较级clearer做speech的定语。,C,D,
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