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Unit 4 Global warming,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,1.consumevt.消费;消耗,耗尽;吃完 consumptionn.消费;消耗 consumedadj.耗尽的 2.phenomenonn.现象 phenomena(pl.) 3.subscribevt.签署(文件);捐助 vi.同意;捐赠;订阅 subscriptionn.捐助;订阅;签名 4.quantityn.量;数量 quality(形近词)n.质量 5.tendvt.照顾;护理 vi.趋向;易于;照顾 tendencyn.倾向;趋势 6.opposevt.反对;反抗;(与某人)较量 opposedadj.反对的,对立的,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,7.consequencen.结果;后果;影响 consequentadj.作为结果的;随之发生的 consequentlyadv.作为结果地;随之发生地 8.statevt.陈述,说明 n.状态,情况;国家;州 statementn.陈述,说明 9.rangen.种类;范围 vi.在范围内变化 10.glancevi.看一下;扫视 n.一瞥 11.steadyadj.平稳的,稳固的;持续的 steadilyadv.平稳地;持续地 12.widespreadadj.分布广泛的;普遍的 13.averageadj.平均的 n.平均数 14.existencen.生存;存在 existvi.生存;存在,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,15.advocatevt.拥护;提倡,主张 n.拥护者,支持者 advocationn.拥护;提倡,主张 mitmentn.承诺;交托;信奉 commitvt.承诺;托付,交付 17.pollutionn.污染,弄脏 pollutevt.污染,弄脏 18.growthn.增长;生长 growvi.生长 grew(过去式) grown(过去分词) 19.electricaladj.电的,与电有关的 electricityn.电,电流 electronicadj.电子的,电子学的,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,20.circumstancen.环境;情况 21.educatorn.教育工作者;教育家 educationn.教育 educationaladj.教育的,有教育意义的 22.contributionn.贡献 contributevt.不一致 disagreevi.不同意 agree(反义词)vt.& vi.同意,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,e about 发生;造成 2.subscribe to 同意,赞成;订阅 3.quantities of/a quantity of 大量的 4.go up 上升,增长;升起 5.result in 导致 6.be opposed to 反对 7.even if 即使 8.keep on 继续 9.on the whole 大体上,基本上 10.on behalf of 代表一方;作为的代言人 11.put up with 忍受,容忍 12.so long as 只要,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,13.and so on 等等 14.build up 聚集,集结,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,1.如果没有温室效应,地球(的温度)会比现在(的温度)低33摄氏度左右。 Without the “greenhouse effect”,the earth would be about thirty-three degrees Celsius cooler than it is. 2.毫无疑问全球在变暖,而地球变暖正是人类活动导致的,并非一种无规律的自然现象。 There is no doubt that the earth is becoming warmer and that it is human activity that has caused this global warming rather than a random but natural phenomenon. 3.只要你在使用电器设备,你便可以把它开着;如果不用就把它关掉! Its OK to leave an electrical appliance on so long as you are using itif not,turn it off! 4.所有科学家都赞同这种观点:人们为了生产能量而燃烧诸如煤、天然气和石油这类化石燃料,从而引起了地球温度的升高。 All scientists subscribe to the view that the increase in the earths temperature is due to the burning of fossil fuels like coal,natural gas and oil to produce energy.,The temperature of the earth is rising rapidly pared(compare) to other natural changes.So how has this come about and does it matter?All scientists subscribe to the view 2.that the increase in the earths temperature is due to 3.the burning of fossil fuels like coal,natural gas and oil to produce energy.Some byproducts of this process 4.are called(call) “greenhouse” gases,the most important one of 5.which is carbon dioxide.When huge quantities of extra carbon dioxide 6.are(be) added into the atmosphere,more heat energy tends to be trapped in the atmosphere 7.causing(cause) the global temperature to go up. The attitudes of scientists towards this rise are pletely(complete) different.Some think that the trend which increases the temperature would be a catastrophe.Others are opposed 9.to this view and believe that we should not worry about high levels of carbon dioxide in the air.Even if we start reducing the amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases,the climate is going to keep on warming for decades 10.or centuries.All in all,greenhouse gases are continuing to build up in the atmosphere.No one knows exactly the effects of global warming.,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,subscribe vt.签名;捐助 vi.订阅;同意,赞成;捐赠;认购(股份等) All scientists subscribe to the view that the increase in the earths temperature is due to the burning of fossil fuels like coal,natural gas and oil to produce energy.所有的科学家都赞同这种观点:人们为了生产能量而燃烧诸如煤、天然气和石油这类化石燃料,从而引起了地球温度的升高。(教材原句P26) 常见用法 subscribe to 订阅(报纸、杂志等);赞同,同意(多用于疑问句和否定句);定期捐款 subscribe.to.在上签署;向捐款 subscribe for 认购(股票等),重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,The authorities no longer subscribe to the view that disabled people are unsuitable as teachers.当局不再支持残疾人不适宜做教师的观点。 He subscribed a large sum to the relief fund.他向救济基金捐赠巨资。 Each of us subscribed for 500 shares.我们每人认购500股。 现学活用 写出划线词语的含义 1.The school has subscribed to many kinds of new magazines for the teachers.订阅 2.He subscribed his name to the contract.在上签名 3.No one but mad people would subscribe to such views.同意,赞同 4.We subscribe to an animal protection society.向定期捐款,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,tend vt.照顾,照料 vi.易于;趋向,倾向;照顾,照料 It means that more heat energy tends to be trapped in the atmosphere causing the global temperature to go up.这就意味着更多的热量被困在大气层中,从而引起全球温度上升。(教材原句P26) 常见用法 tend to do sth.易于做某事;往往会做某事 tend to/towards sth.有的趋势,倾向于 Old people tend to get fat.老年人容易发胖。 Modern furniture design tends to simplicity.现代家具设计趋向简单。 拓展延伸 tendency n.倾向,趋势 have a tendency to do sth.易于做某事;往往会做某事,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,现学活用 用tend的适当形式填空 1.Many people hold mistaken beliefs about the reason for cancer,tending to think it is environmental factors rather than personal behavior. 2.I never forget the days when I was tended by the villagers when I was wounded. 3.The girl is nice but she has a tendency to talk too much.,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,oppose vt.反对,反抗 On the other hand,there are those,like George Hambley,who are opposed to this view and believe that we should not worry about high levels of carbon dioxide in the air.在另一方面,还有一些人,像科学家乔治汉布利,反对上面的观点,他们认为我们不必担心空气中会有高含量的二氧化碳。(教材原句P27) 常见用法 oppose (doing) sth.反对(做)某事 Father does not oppose the idea at all.父亲丝毫不反对这个想法。,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,拓展延伸 1.opposed adj.反对的,对立的 be opposed to (doing) sth.反对(做)某事 2.object to (doing) sth.反对(做)某事 be against sth.反对某事 I am opposed to going shopping with others.我反对与他人一起外出购物。 I really object to being charged for parking.我非常反对收停车费。 现学活用 单句填空 1.The committee is totally opposed to any changes being made in the plans. 2.The President opposes giving(give) military aid to this country. 3.The professor,opposed(oppose) to carrying out the project,made a comment on the report.,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,state vt.陈述,说明 n.状态,状况,情形;国家;政府;州 In fact,Hambley states,“More carbon dioxide is actually a positive thing.”汉布利实际上是这样说的:“二氧化碳含量的增加实际上是件好事”。(教材原句P27) 常见用法 1.It is stated that.据陈述,据说明 as stated above 如上所述 2.in a good/bad state 状态良好/不好 in a state of shock 处于休克/震惊的状态中 in a poor state of health 健康状况欠佳 The witness stated that she had never seen Mr Smith.证人宣称她以前从未见过史密斯先生。 The driver was in a state of shock.司机正处于休克状态。,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,现学活用 完成句子 1.如上文所说,幸福和财富来源于你的想法。 As stated above,the happiness and fortune come from your mind. 2.她健康欠佳,她的母亲非常担心。 She is in a poor state of health,which worries her mother much. 3.严冬过后,这些公路的路况极差。 The roads are in a terrible/bad state after the severe winter weather.,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,average adj.平均的;平常的 n.平均数;平均水平 The greenhouse effect gives the earths surface the average temperature of 15 .温室效应使地球表面的平均温度保持在15 。(教材原句P29) 常见用法 an average of 平均为 above/below (the) average 在一般水准以上/下 up to (the) average 达到一般水准 on (the) average 平均起来;一般说来 Toms work at school is above the average.汤姆的功课在学校是中等偏上。,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,现学活用 单句填空 1.These Senior 3 students took a total of 20 examinations,an average of 5 each month. 2.On average a cow produces 40 glasses of milk daily.,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,advocate vt.拥护;提倡 n.拥护者,支持者 However,I still think people should advocate improvements in the way we use energy today.然而,我依然认为人们应该支持改善日常能源的消耗方式。(教材原句P30) 常见用法 1.advocate (doing) sth.主张(做)某事 advocate that.主张,倡导(从句用虚拟语气,谓语动词用“should+动词原形”,should可以省略) 2.an advocate of.的拥护者 Many experts advocate rewarding your child for good behaviour.很多专家主张对小孩的良好表现加以奖励。 The report advocated that all buildings (should) be fitted with smoke detectors.报告主张所有的建筑物都应安装烟雾探测器。,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,This judge is a strong advocate of prison reform.这位法官是监狱改革的坚决拥护者。 现学活用 句型转换 1.The minister advocated a change of the tax laws. The minister advocated changing the tax laws. 2.Some educators advocated rewarding children for their great performance. Some educators advocated that children (should) be rewarded for their great performance.,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,circumstance n.环境;情况 Recycle cans,bottles,plastic bags and newspapers if circumstances allow you to.如果情况允许的话,把罐头盒、瓶子、塑料袋和报纸回收利用起来。(教材原句P30) 常见用法 in/under the circumstances 在这种情况下;情况既然如此 in any circumstances 在任何情况下 in/under no circumstances 决不,无论如何都不(放句首时用倒装语序) Dont open the door,in any circumstances.在任何情况下都不要开门。 We must under no circumstances give up halfway.我们绝不能半途而废。,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,现学活用 完成句子 1.在这种情况下没有人能帮助他。 Nobody can help him in/under the circumstances . 2.你在任何情况下都不能离开岗位。 In/Under no circumstances must you leave your post.,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,range n.批,组,类;范围,幅度 vi.在范围内变化 常见用法 1.a range of 一类,一批,一套 a wide/broad/whole range of 各种不同的 beyond/out of ones range 超出某人的范围 within ones range 在某人范围之内 2.range from.to.处在到范围内 range between.and.处在和之间 We have students from a wide range of backgrounds.我们的学生来自各种不同的背景。 Such a decision is not within the range of my responsibility.做这样的决定不属于我的职责范围。 Costs range from 50 to 700 pounds.花费在50英镑到700英镑之间。,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,现学活用 完成句子 1.这所房子的价格远远超出我们能承受的范围。 The price of the house is well beyond our range. 2.这个队有10名队员的年龄在10岁至16岁之间。 The team contained ten players whose ages ranged between 10 and 16.,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,come about 发生;造成 So how has this come about and does it matter?那么,这种温度的增长是怎么产生的呢?会有什么影响吗?(教材原句P26) How did it come about that he knew where we were?他是怎么知道我们在什么地方的呢? How did this dangerous state of affairs come about?这种危险的事态是怎么发生的? 词义辨析 e about常指不受控制的事情的发生,相当于happen。常用句型:“How does/did it come about that.?”意为“是怎样发生的?” 2.happen 强调事件发生的偶然性。 3.take place 强调必然性或按实际的安排或计划而发生。 4.break out 指灾难性的事件,如战争、火灾、疾病等的爆发。 5.occur指意想不到的事情的发生,是相当正式的用词,很少用在口语中。,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,现学活用 根据所给汉语意思填入适当的动词或动词短语 1.Its already 10 oclock.I wonder how it came about(发生) that she was two hours late on such a short trip. 2.Just then a bright idea occurred(出现) to me. 3.I happened(碰巧) to meet him in the boiler room yesterday. 4.If a war broke out(爆发),many other countries would be affected.,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,quantities of 大量的,许多的(修饰可数或不可数名词,谓语动词用复数) The problem begins when we add huge quantities of extra carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.当我们向空气中排放大量额外的二氧化碳时,问题就来了。(教材原句P26) Small quantities of poison were detected in the dead mans stomach.在死者胃中发现了少量的毒药。 拓展延伸 a quantity of 许多的,大量的(修饰可数或不可数名词,谓语动词用单数) in large quantities 大量地 in quantity 大量地 Its cheaper to buy goods in quantity.大宗购物比较便宜。,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,现学活用 单句填空 1.Why does the lake smell terrible? Because large quantities(quantity) of water have been polluted. 2.As a result of peoples destroying the forest,a large quantity of desert has covered the earth in recent years. 3.Do you give a discount if we buy it in large quantities(quantity)?,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,result in导致 They also agree that it is the burning of more and more fossil fuels that has resulted in this increase in carbon dioxide.他们还赞同下述观点,正是由于越来越多地燃烧化石燃料导致了二氧化碳的增加。(教材原句P26) 拓展延伸 1.result from.由造成,因而产生 as a result结果 as a result of.由于 with the result that.其结果是 without result没有结果;白费 2.lead to导致;(道路)通向 bring about造成,引起,导致 cause导致;引起,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,His illness resulted from eating bad food.他的病是吃了变质食物引起的。 现学活用 完成句子 1.这次事故造成了三人死亡。 The accident resulted in three people being killed. 2.艾丽斯今天早上睡过了头,结果上班迟到了。 Alice overslept this morning.As a result,she was late for work. 3.我迟到了,因此我没能赶上火车。 I was late,with the result that I missed my train.,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,keep on doing 继续做;反复做 Even if we start reducing the amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, the climate is going to keep on warming for decades or centuries.即使我们开始减少二氧化碳和其他温室气体的含量,在(未来)几十年或几个世纪内,气候仍会持续转暖。(教材原句P27) 拓展延伸 go on doing=continue doing/to do sth.继续做某事 keep doing sth.一直做某事(强调持续状态) keep sb.doing sth.让某人一直做某事 keep sb.from doing sth.阻止某人做某事 keep it up 继续干下去,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,现学活用 完成句子 1.过去那位雇主让他们整天干活。 The employer kept them working all day in the past. 2.大雨未能阻止他们看足球赛。 The heavy rain didnt keep them from watching the football match. 3.干得好!继续好好干吧! Well done!Keep it up!,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,so long as (=as long as)只要 Its OK to leave an electrical appliance on so long as you are using itif not,turn it off!只要你在使用电器设备,你便可以把它开着;如不用,就把它关掉!(教材原句P30) so/as long as引导条件状语从句,相当于on condition that,provided that或if(只要,如果)。 I dont mind as long as it doesnt rain.只要不下雨就行了。 As long as you drive carefully,you will be very safe.如果你小心开车,你就会很安全。 拓展延伸 as well as也,和;与一样好 as good as几乎;与一样好 as far as就而言,至于;远至 as soon as一就;如那么早/快,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,现学活用 完成句子 1.他工作和熟练工人一样出色。 He works as well as a skilled worker. 2.这台旧机器维护得很好,看起来像新的一样。 The old machine is well maintained and looks as good as new. 3.据我所知,她并没请假。 As far as I know,she did not ask for a day off. 4.我的书你要借多久都随你的便。 You can keep my book as/so long as you like. 5.我想要尽快见你。 Id like to see you as soon as possible.,一、单句填空 1.(2015福建高考改编)Sometimes we have a (disagree) with people. 1.disagreement。have a disagreement with sb.“与某人有分歧”。 2.(2014广东高考改编)He has even started an association of beachcombers and ocean experts,with 500 (subscribe) from West Africa to New Zealand. 2.subscribers。subscriber“订户,签署者,捐献者”,此处应用复数形式。句意:他甚至创立了一个由海滩流浪者和海洋专家组成的协会,有来自从非洲到新西兰的500名会员。 3.(2014辽宁高考改编)Researchers performed experiments that aimed to find out whether using a laptop increased the (tend) to make notes “mindlessly” by taking down word for word what the professors said. 3.tendency。空前有the修饰,应用名词。句意:研究人员进行试验是为了发现,使用掌上电脑是否能够通过逐字记录教授讲座内容增加“无须动脑”记笔记的可能性。,4.(2014浙江高考改编)An average of just 18.75 cm of rain fell last year,making it the driest year since California became state in 1850. 4.a。此处用不定冠词a表示泛指。句意:去年这里的平均降水量为18.75厘米,这使得去年成为加利福尼亚自1850年建州以来最干旱的一年。 5.(2014福建高考改编)Students should involve themselves in community activities where they can gain experience for (grow). 5.growth。growth为名词,意为“生长,成长”。句意:学生应该使他们自己参与到团体活动中来,在这些活动中他们可以获得成长经验。 6.(2014四川高考改编)This is (oppose)to the “early bird” schedule,and is a kind of disorder where the individual tends to stay up much past midnight. 6.opposed。be opposed to“与不同,而不是,反对”。句意:这与“早起者”的时间安排不同,是一种个人熬夜时间超过午夜的紊乱状况。,7.(2014广东高考改编)After countless interviews and (presentation),I managed to stand out among the candidates and survive the test alone. 7.presentations。presentation作可数名词,表示“陈述,描述”。 8.(2013山东高考改编)He did a survey,which showed that (consumer) of other fast-food chains were unwilling to turn away from them. 8.consumers。consumer为可数名词,此处用复数表示泛指。句意:他做的一项调查表明,其他快餐连锁店的消费者不愿意离开它们。 9.(2013浙江高考改编)I felt (mild) victorious that I got through the rest of class without crying,but at my next free period I had to face him. 9.mildly。mildly“适度地,略微,有点儿”。句意:令我还有些成就感的是我终于顺利地上完了课,而且也没有哭,但下一节课不得不面对他了。,10.(2013重庆高考改编)It is filled with symbiotic existences,too;unimaginable (quantity) of creatures,little and large alike,mix within its depths in a kind of oceanic harmony,giving to the waters a feeling of heartbeat,a kind of sub-ocean vitality. 10.quantities。quantities of“大量的”为固定短语。,二、单元话题微写作 环境保护 根据提示,将以下句子连成一篇英语短文。 1.科学家赞同全球变暖会导致不良后果。(subscribe to;result in;bad environmental consequences) 2.他们倾向于拥护用节省能源和回收废料的方法保护环境。(tend to;advocate) 3.他们建议我们使用节省能源的器具,如电力发动机、微波炉等。(appliance;electrical motor;microwave;and so on) 4.他们还建议我们不要对如回收罐子这种小事漫不经心。(be casual about) 5.只要每个人都做出贡献,我们就不必再忍受空气污染了。(so long as;make a contribution;put up with),All scientists subscribe to the view that global warming results in bad environmental consequences.They tend to advocate protecting our environment by saving energy and recycling waste.It is suggested that we use energy-saving appliances such as electrical motors,microwaves and so on and not be casual about little things like recycling a can.So long as everybody makes a contribution,we will not have to put up with air pollution any more.,
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