2019-2020年高考语法专题辅导-情景交际.doc

2019-2020年高考语法专题辅导-情景交际【考点分析】1.日常交际应答语应答对方的感谢；应答对方的道歉；应答对方的劝告和建议；应答对方的请求；应答对方的要求；应答对方的邀请；应答对方的祝愿、祝贺；应答对方的鼓励和赞扬；应答对方的帮助。2.情感态度的表达表示惊奇；表示同情；表示安慰；表示鼓励；表示同意；表示不同意；表示不在乎。3.日常交际问答问候；问时间、日期；打电话；购物；问路。4.几个常考的交际用语It all depends!(视情况而定）；what if(倘若.会怎么样）；What for?(做什么用，为什么）；So what ?(那又怎么样）；Got it!(明白了）；Take your time.(别着急）；Take it easy.(放松点）；Its up to（由决定）。【知识点归纳】I.日常交际应答语1.感谢与应答感谢Thank you very much.Thanks a lot.Many thanks.应答Thats all right.Thanks for helping me.Youre wele. Thats OK.Not at all.Its my pleausre.Dont mention it.Its nothing.Think nothing of it.Forget it.2.道歉与应答道歉Im sorry.Im sorry to trouble you.Im sorry to have kept you waiting.应答It doesnt matter. Its not important. Thats/Its nothing.Not at all.Neve rmind.Thats all right.Forget it.Thats OK.No problem.Not to worry.3.劝告、建议与应答劝告和建议I think you ought to我想你应该If I were you, Id如果我是你，我会It might be a good idea if you如果你这倒是个好主意。Have you ever thought of? 你是否想过要？I remend that我建议I strongly advise you to我极力主张你You really ought to你的确应该Personally, I think youd better依我看，你最好Why not do? 为什么不？Why dont you do? 你为什么不？I suggest that我建议What about doing? 怎么样？How about doing? 怎么样？Shall we? 我们去好吗？Lets, shall we? 让我们去好吗？You need (to)你需要应答肯定的：Good idea.Thats great.Sounds great.It sounds great.Thats fine.Why not?否定的：Id love to,butIm afraidIts an idea,but4.请求与应答请求May I.? Can I？Could I.?Do you mind if I应答肯定的：With pleasure.Certainly(Of course)Sure,go ahead.Yes,help yourself.Of Course not,go ahead(回答Do you mind if I的请求)否定的：Im afraid not.Better not.Id rather you didnt.5.应答对方的要求肯定的：All right.I will.否定的：No way.Forget it.Do remember to call me up when you arrive. I will.I think you should phone Jenny and say sorry to her. No way.It was her fault.6.邀请与应答邀请Would you like to ?Why dont we?应答肯定的：That would be fine.Thas very kind of you.All right.Yes,Id love to.否定的：Id love to,butSorry,I cant.Im afraid I cant.7.祝愿、祝贺与应答祝愿、祝贺Good luck! Best wishes to you. Have a nice/good time/journey. Congratulations!Happy New Year! Merry Christmas!Happy birthday to you. 应答Thank you!The same to you.You,too.Happy New Year!(Merry Christmas!)The same to you.(You,too.)8.鼓励、赞扬与应答鼓励、赞扬Very good.Well done.Wonderful.Excellent.e on.Keep trying.You can do it.应答Thank you.OK.Ill try it again.9.提供帮助与应答主动提供帮助时：Can I help you？What can I do for you Would you like me to help you？Do you want me toLet me需要别人帮助时：Yes，pleaseThank you for your helpThanks.不需要别人帮助时：No，thank youthank you all the same.Thats very kind of you, butII.情感态度的表达1.表示惊奇Really?How e?（何以会？为什么）What a surprise！Oh，dear！Good heavens!2.表示同情Im sorry to hear that.Dont worry.What a pity!Thats really unlucky.Bad luck.Just my luck.3.表示安慰Dont worry.Dont be afraid.Take your time.Take it easy.Make yourself at home.Its quite all right.Itll be OK.4.表示鼓励e on.Cheer up.You can do it.You will make it.5.表示同意I quite agree.I couldnt agree more.Exactly.Certainly.Absolutely.Of course.All right.Thats a good idea.No problem.I think so.6.表示不同意Not really.Not Exactly.I dont quite agree.I dont think so.Im afraid not.Its hard to say.Well,thats depend.No way.Of course not.7.表示不在乎So what?Who cares?III.日常交际问答1.问候A:Good morning/afternoon/evening.Hello/Hi.How do you do? Nice to meet you. B:答语与问候语相同。A:How are you? B:Fine, thank you.And you? A:Very well,thank you. 2.问时间、日期A:What day is it? B:Its Monday.A:Whats the date? B:Its Jan. 10th.A:Whats the time,please? B:Its five oclock/half past five. Its time to .3.打电话This is(speaking). 我是（不说I am）It is here. 我是May I speak to , please? 请找接电话好吗？Can I speak to , please? 请找接电话好吗？Could I speak to , please? 请找接电话好吗？Id like to speak to, please. 请找接电话好吗？Whos that (speaking / calling)? 你是谁？（不说Who are you?）Is that (speaking)? 你是吗？Is there? 在吗？Isin? 在吗？Hold on, please. 请稍等。Hold the line, please.请稍等。Can I take a message? 你可以留个口信吗？（对方要找的人不在时）Can you give/ leave a message?你可以留个口信吗？（对方要找的人不在时）Can/Could I ask who is calling?请问您是哪位？May I have your telephone number? 您的电话号码是多少？4.购物What can I do for you?您要买点什么？Can I help you?您要买点什么？Whats the price of ?的价钱是多少？How much is? 多少钱？Its well worth the money.很合算。Have you got anything a little cheaper? 有没有比这便宜点的？How much does it e to? 总共多少钱？How much is it altogether? 总共多少钱？Try it for size. 试试大小。Will you show me?请拿给我看？Have you got any? 你们有吗？Its a bit too large (small, plain. gaudy etc.) for me.这对于我来说太大（太小，太素，太花哨等）了。Thats fine. Ill take it. 那好，我买了。Thats too expensive, Im afraid.恐怕那太贵了。What colour do you want? 你要什么颜色？What size do you want? 你要什么尺寸的？Do you have any other kind? 你们有别的种类吗？5.问路Excuse me.Wheres ?劳驾，在什么地方？Excuse me. Can you tell me the way to? 劳驾，你能告诉我去的路吗？How can I get to?我怎样去？Go down this street.顺着这条街走。Turn right at the first crossing.在第一个十字路口向右拐。Turn left at the second crossing.在第二个十字路口向左拐。Its aboutmetres from here.离这里大约有米。Its only a ten-minute walk from here.走十分钟就到了。Go straight ahead till you see一直往前走直到你看见IV.建议和提醒交际用语要注意中西方的差异，这点非常重要，往往考生失分就在于忽视了中西方文化上的差异。交际用语的不仅在单选里考查，听力里也有所涉及。所以，平时做听力时也可以积累交际上的回答，注意体味情景的含义。交际用语的复习不要刻意投入太多的时间，把平时该掌握的掌握好就可以了！根据大纲的要求，我们考生所要熟悉的功能意念部分包括：问候，介绍，告别，感谢和应答，祝愿、祝贺和应答，邀请和应答，提供（帮助等）和应答，约会，意原和希望，请求、允许和应答；同意和不同意，喜好和厌恶，决断和坚持，判断和意见，职责，能力，偏爱，责备和抱怨，肯定和不肯定，禁止和警告，可能和不可能，预见、猜测和相信，请求，劝告和建议，许诺，提醒，表示焦虑，表示惊奇，表示喜悦等三十余项。以及所要熟悉的情景场所部分的对话：包括谈论天气，购物，问路和应答，问时间、日期和应答，就餐，打电话，传递信息，看病，求救，语言困难，标志和说明等十余项。同时解题时要做到“四忌”一忌上词下用上词下用指的是答句部分延用了题干句子的重点词、信息词，按表层意思似乎合情合理，但往往为错误的“虚像”，需经进一步分析后才能确定正确选项。典型的例子如用“I dont”应答“Dont forget to e to my birthday party tomorrow”，用“Dont be sorry”回答“Im sorry I broke your mirror”，以及用“No thanks”回答“Thank you ever so much for the book you sent me.”避免“上词下用”的误区，一是确认题目涉及的交际功能项目，二是确认句子上下文语境，三是确认正确的话语方式。请看下例：I wonder if I could use your telephone. _.A.I wonder how B.I dont wonder C.Sorry，its out of order D.No wonder,here it is解析：尽管该题中反复出现“wonder”一词，但通过仔细审题可确定其考查的功能项目为征求对方意见，问句相当于“Could I use your telephone?”综合语境和话题的分析，正确的答话方式一般为“Of course you can”（肯定）或“Sorry,you cant”（否定），也只有C项符合题意，A、B、D项均属典型的“上词下用”现象，而且D项中的“No wonder”意思为“难怪 ”，更是和题干内容相差甚远。二忌中文思维与上词下用比较，这一误区更具迷惑力，因为无论按题目内容或是按思维方式来考虑，都非常符合中国学生的习惯。显然，掌握英汉两种语言和文化之间的相同和相异之处，对于准确解题至关重要。考生解题失误之一是按汉语的表达方式和结构去套英语，去选答案，这属于语言知识的“负迁移”。请看下例：Do you think its going to rain over the weekend? _. A.I dont believe B.I dont believe it C.I believe not so D.I believe not解析：以Do you think?这样的句子来提问，用D项来回答表示否定，显然不符合中文的表达习惯，这也正是许多考生选了A、B、C项的原因。另一个更常见的失误是套用中国文化模式。违背英语国家的思维方式和文化习俗，这属于文化方面的“负迁移”。三忌直接回绝这主要是指在对方要求得到帮助，提出请求或邀请时，回答过于直接，不够委婉，尽管从语义角度分析是没毛病的，但不符合英语国家的交际习惯。“请求”方面的问 话有May I?/Can I?/I wonder if I could/Do you mind if I?等，“邀请”方面 的问话有Will you?/Would you like to?/Id like to invite to等。在作否定回答 时，为了表示礼貌和委婉，通常要用一些委婉词，如but,Im afraid,Im sorry,thanks,please,had better等。请看下例：I didnt know this was a one-way street,officer. _ A.Thats all right. B.I dont believe you. C.How dare you say that? D.Sorry,but thats no excuse.解析：许多考生有可能选B、C项，这是没有注意到西方人生活、工作中交往的必要礼节，答话时过于生硬，没有顾及他人感情，而正确答案D项正是在充分考虑到说话双方的身份，彼此之间的关系以及说话人的立场和态度的基础上做出的选择。四忌答非所问应该说答非所问的错误比较容易察觉，如果问话与答话的内容风牛马不相及的话，考生可以迅速排除。但有时双方会话内容有所关联，但仔细推敲发现其实答语并不切题。最典型的例子是With pleasure和Its a pleasure。前者一般在事前回答 ，表示“非常愿意”。后者一般在事后回答，表示“不用客气”。 请看下例：Sorry, I couldnt e to the party. I was sick that day. _.A.I dont know that B.Thats all right C.Yes, well have another party D.No, the party wasnt held解析：A 、C和D三项均明显地答非所问，与问句无关；只有D项能够作出直接的答复。【高考预测】1.This free gift doesnt look good._, madam, but if you want good quality, you have to pay for it.A. No problem B. No doubt C. No offence D. No way2.Was yesterdays party a great success?_.Tom, who is a good mixer, didnt show up.A. Not surprisingly B. Not necessarily C. Not exactly D. Not really3.Can I get you a cup of coffee? _.A.With pleasure. B.You can please. C.Thats very nice of you. D.Thank you for the coffee.4.Im so anxious about my driving test tomorrow. Would you please give me some advice? _.Im sure you are good enough to pass it. Be confident of yourself.A. Absolutely B. Take it easy C. You are right D. Not really5. You shouldnt have taken pictures before the carved stones._.A. Pardon me B. Yes, I will C. Never mind D. Dont mention it6.Please tell Bruce he has won the first prize in the maths contest. _! He never did so well before.A. Congratulations B. Good luck C. Thats right D. What a good surprise7.Tom, I got a strange call this morning, saying I had won an expensive car, which puzzled me. _ A. Congratulations. B. You are a lucky dog. C. Forget it. Its too expensive. D. Perhaps its a trick8.Dont you agree with what he said?Yes， !It cant be A.approximately；better B.absolutely；better C.relatively；worse D.fortunately; worse9.Id like to invite you to my new house this Sunday._.A. Oh, no. Lets not B. Im very sorry, but I have other plans C. Id rather stay at home D. Oh, no. Thatll be too much trouble10.Sorry, Peter. Im afraid that I cant go to the cross talk show by Guo Degang with you. ! Who knows when he will e here next time?A.Take it easy B.What a shame C.It doesnt matter D.Do as you like11.Do you mind my smoking here?_!A.No, thanks B.No. Good idea C.Yes, please D.Yes.Better not12.Tom, would you like to e to our dinner party?_ _.A. Yes, I would B. Sure, its my pleasure C. No, I cant e D.Yes, with pleasure13. My name is Jack Smith._Hi! Im Jackson.A. How do you do? B. Nice to meet you again.C. How about you? D. How are you?14.Her grandpa passed away yesterday._ _ .A.How do you like it? B.He was a kind man. C.Sorry to hear that. D.What shall we do?15.Shall we go there next Sunday?_?To see the football match.A.What with B.What by C.What for D.What on16.Is there anything I can do for you，sir?_ .A.Perhaps.Go ahead B.No.Take your time C.Yes.Youre wele D.Not now.Thanks anyway17.Sorry,I cant go camping with you. I have to prepare well enough for the entrance-exam._!We can camp together next time.A.Dont say so B.Congratulations C.Good luck D.No problem18. Im going to travel to Sydney. Would you please tell me about your experiences there?_.Lets discuss it over lunch.A.Go ahead B.It just depends C.Thats wonderful D.By all means19.Shall I begin the lecture?Im afraid we have to wait for a while. John is ing with a microphone. . I can do without the microphone.A.Im sorry B.Excuse me C.I beg your pardon D.Never mind20.Will he be back by ten tonight?No, _ .A.I think not so B.Im not afraid C.Im afraid not D.I dont hope so21.Tom, you are smoking again?_? Its none of your business.A.So what B.How e C.Why not D.What for22.You must obey every word of mine!一_ I dont?A.How about B.What if C.So what D.what about23.Do remember to charge the battery 12 hours when you first use it .A.Made it B.Got it C.Understood it D.Remembered it24.What kind of dancing do you like? _.If its rock music Ill do disco，and if its romantic music Ill do ballet.A.pardon B.I cant tell you C.It all depends D.Not exactly25. Do you think I should join the singing group, Mary? _ _ .If I were in your shoes, I certainly would.A.None of your business B.It depends C.Why not D.I dont think so26. Is there anything wrong with my heart?Nothing serious._. A.Take it easy. B. Cheer up C. No way D. What a pity27.Excuse me, could you please spare me a few minutes to explain this?Sorry, but I must go to a meeting now_A.Thanks a lotB.What a pity C.I am sorry to hear thatD.Thanks anyway28. Whose advice do you think I should follow?_.A. No problem B. e on C. Its up to you D. Well, thats life29. Can you turn down the radio, please? _.A. Oh, I know B. Im sorry; I didnt realize it was that loud C. Ill keep it down next time. D. Please forgive me30.Im not good at basketball, you know. _ Were playing for fun. Just try and youll see you can do it. A. Well, it depends. B. Take your time. C. e on! D. Thats OK. 31.Shall I give you a hand with this as you are so busy now?Thank you. _.A. Of course you can B. If you like C. Its up to you D. It couldnt be better32. I cant finish the paper until tomorrow, Im afraid. Thats OK, theres _.A. no problem B. no hurry C. no doubtD. no wonder33.Would you like another cup of tea? Thanks, .A. but why notB. but Id rather not C. and Id like notD. and Id rather not34. Im afraid I cant finish the book within this week.- _.A. Please go aheadB. Thats rightC. Not at allD. Take your time35.Im not good at singing，you know. Its just for fun. A. No problem. B. e on! C. What a pity! D. Cheer up.36.Michael was late for Mr. Smiths oral class this morning._ _? As far as I know, he never came late to class.A. How e B. So what C. Why not D. What for37.Hi, Mr Yu, I want to buy a pen, but I happen to have no money with me. Could you lend me some?_. A. Thats fine B. Nothing serious C. Never mind D. No problem38.Could you please tell me the answer to this question?_! It is not my style to help people cheat.A. No problem B. No way C. Not at all D. No doubt39. Lets go hiking this afternoon, Ok? _A. Not at all. B. Never mind. C. Why not? D. What of it?40.The toast bread is really delicious. Can I have a second piece?_.A. Behave yourselfB. Help yourself C. Do it yourself D. Go ahead if you dont mind41. Why dont you take a taxi there? Itll save you a lot of time. _. A.Thank you anyway! B.Yes, lets.C.Good idea! D.Thats all right.42. The WHO expert points out that the H1N1 flu remains a constant threat to the health state of the whole world. . Its really a serious problem facing us.A.Sorry, but I cantB.No, I agree with you C.It sounds a good idea D.I cant agree more43. I was late for work this morning. _ You started early, didnt you?A. Why not? B. So what? C. How e? D. Never mind.44.Shall I begin the lecture? I afraid we have to wait for a whileJohn is ing with a microphone .I can do without the microphoneA.Im sorry B.Excuse me C.I beg your pardon D.Never mind45. How are you getting on with your work ? .A.Thank you B.Fine , thank you C.Quite well ,thank you D.Why do you ask so ?46. Shall we go out for a drink tonight? _ _. A.You are right B. It must be funny C.That sounds great D. Have a nice time. 47.Would you mind if I opened the window ?_ _. In fact, I was going to suggest you _ _ it. A. Yes; not did B.Not at all; do C. More or less; did D. Of course; do48.Thank you very much for helping me out of trouble, Bob._.A. With pleasure B.Dont mention it C. Thats right D. I hope so49.Can I take a weeks holiday, Sir?_; we are too busy at present. A. Dont worry B. Dont mention it C.Forget it D. No problem50.Dont interrupt me while Im explaining the problems to you._ _. A .All right，go ahead B. Its my pleasure C. Of course，with pleasure D. Not at all 【参考答案】1-5CDCBA 6-10DDBBB 11-15DDACC 16-20DCDDC 21-25ABBCC 26-30ADCBC 31-35DBBDB 36-40ADBCB 41-45CDCDC 46-50CBBCA