2019-2020年高考英语一轮复习语法专题动词时态和语态2讲含解析新人教版必修.doc

2019-2020年高考英语一轮复习语法专题动词时态和语态2讲含解析新人教版必修xx年高考命题预测 动词的时态和语态是历年高考的重点，是高考的必考点。应特别注意以下几点：要把握各种时态的特点，注意易混淆时态间的差异；准确理解具体语境下时态的正确意义，捕捉句子中所隐含的时间信息；要克服汉语式的惯性思维，排除误导，培养发散性思维。高考中常考的时态有一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、过去将来时、现在完成时、过去完成时、将来进行时、现在完成进行时、过去完成进行时等等。学习时要注意总结规律，灵活使用，特别要注意一些时态的特殊用法。高考主要以单项填空、语法填空、短文改错等形式考查，动词的时态和语态在语法填空和短文改错中是必考点。 今后时态和语态还将是高考中的重点和难点所在。xx考纲解读和近几年考点分布动词时态和语态是两个非常重要的语法范畴，构成了英语语法的基本框架，几乎所有动词的考查都必须要借助于时态和语态来完成。试题在考查时态和语态的同时，还兼顾其它语法内容的测试，比如各种从句、强调、倒装等，其交叉式和复合式的特点尤为明显。其考点主要包括：1、考查时态的基本概念。如：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在完成时、将来进行时等。2、考查各种时态之间的区别。如：一般过去时和现在完成时；一般现在时与现在进行时；一般过去时和过去完成时等。3、考查不能用被动语态的几种情况。如：（1）所有的不及物动词或不及物动词词组不能用于被动语态之中。（2）表示状态的谓语动词，如：last、hold、benefit、contain、equal、fit等。（3）表示归属的动词，如have、own、belong to等。（4）表示“希望、意图”的动词，如：wish、want、hope、like、love、hate等。（5）宾语是反身代词或相互代词时谓语动词用主动语态，不能用被动语态。4、考查主动形式表被动意义的情况。（1）当feel、look、smell、taste、sound等后面接形容词时；（2）当cut,sell,read,write,fill,cook,lock,wash,drive,keep等词带状语修饰语时；（3）当break out、take place、shut off、turn off、work out等动词表示“发生、关闭、制定”等意思时；（4）want, require, need后面的动名词用主动表示被动含义。（5）be worth doing用主动形式表示被动含义。（6）在“be +形容词+ to do”中，不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语，用主动代被动。另外：be to blame(受谴责)，be to rent（出租）也用主动形式表被动。【考点pk】 名师考点透析考点一、一般现在时与现在进行时 1一般现在时 （1）考查表示按时间表将要发生的动作或事件 例1Look at the timetable. Hurry up! Flight 1026 _ off at 18: 20. A. takes B. took C. will be taken D. has taken 【解析】句中的谓语动词是现在时，故不住在这里也应该是现时的情况，答案应为D。 （3）考查表示普遍真理、事实 例4Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across this open sea, which _ the Pacific, and we met no storms. A. was called B. is called C. had been called D. has been called 【解析】尽管我们横渡太平洋是几个月前的事情，但是海洋的名称是存在的事实，所以用一般现在时，答案是B。 2现在进行时 （1）考查表示现在或现阶段正在进行的动作或发生的事 例5 I have to go to work by taxi because my car _ at the garage. A. will be repaired B. is repaired C. is being repaired D. has been repaired 【解析】句中的谓语动词是现在时态，所以现在汽车正在被修理，故答案选C。 例6Since I won the big prize, my telephone hasnt stopped ringing. People _ to ask how I am going to spend the money. A. phone B. will phone C. were phoning D. are phoning 【解析】因为我获了奖，所以这段时间老有人给我打电话怎样花这笔钱，答案应是D。 （3）考查表示某个按最近的计划或安排将要进行的动作、即将开始或结束的动作 常用的这类动词有：go, e, leave, arrive, land, meet, move, return, start, stay, stop, give, change, fly, work等。 例7Ladies and gentlemen, please fasten your seat belt. The plane _. A. takes off B. is taking off C. has taken off D. took off 主要考查表示过去某个特定时间或某一段时间发生的动作或情况 例8Its said that the early European playing-cards _ for entertainment and education. A. were being designed B. have designed C. have been designed D. were designed 【解析】句中的the early说明以前欧洲扑克牌的设计是为了娱乐和教育，用一般过去时说明过去某个特定时间发生的动作或情况，答案是D。 2过去进行时 （1）考查表示过去某一时刻或某阶段正在发生的动作，强调未完成 例10Has Sam finished his homework today? I have no idea. He _ it this morning. A. did B. has done C. was doing D. had done 【解析】从对话中不知道Sam有没有完成作业，所以今天上午他正在做，正确答案为C。 （2）考查表示过去某一时间将要发生的动作 例11What were you doing when Tony phoned you? I had just finished my work and _ take a shower. A. had started B. started C. have started D. was starting 【解析】“我”刚刚完成手头的工作，将要去洗澡，所以答案是D。 一般过去时与过去进行时的区别如下： 一般过去时：完成性 过去进行时：未完成 考点三、现成完成时与现在完成进行时 （2）考查表示一个从过去某个时间开始，延续到现在的动作 例13My friend, who _ on the International Olympic mittee all his life, is retiring next month. A. served B. is serving C. had served D. has served 【解析】此题中的时间状语all his life 说明我的朋友从过去到现在一直在奥委会工作，答案应是D。 例14My brother is an actor. He _ in several films so far. A. appears B. appeared C. has appeared D. is appearing 【解析】句中的时间状语so far和现在完成时连用，意为“到目前为止”，所以答案是C。 考点四、 主动表示被动的三种情况 1. 不及物动词与状语连用，用以表示主语的品质和状态。 常见动词是：cut, sell, read, write, fill, cook, lock, wash, drive, keep等。 2. 一些连系动词的主动式形容词。 常见动词是：look, smell, taste, sound, feel, prove, turn out等。 请同学们看下面一道题： 例16The roast duck_delicious and a lot_in two hours. A. was tasted； was sold B. tasted； was sold C. was tasted； sold D. tasted； would sell 【解析】根据所给情景，taste应为连系动词，英语中连系动词不用被动语态，所以第一空填tasted，后半句意为“烤鸭两小时内被卖掉很多”，所以答案为B。 上题可以变化如下： 3. 五个“发生”： happen, take place, occur to, break out，e about等。 例18_is well known to everyone, the Olympic Games_every four years. A. It; are held B. As; take place C. That; happen D. As; break out 【解析】本题考查定语从句和表示“发生”等词的用法。A项it 不对，are held正确，改成以下句子正确：It is well known to everyone that the Olympic Games are held every four years. C、D项中That与break out不妥，B项中as引导的定语从句修饰the Olympic . 整个句子，take place相当于are held，所以答案为B。【及时训练】【单项填空】【xx天津卷】8. I _down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road.A. was driving B. have driven C. would drive D. drove【答案】A考点：考查动词时态。【名师点睛】这时考查与时态有关的固定句型。：was/ were doing sth + when (suddenlu) did . 这时一个常用固定句型，是学生必须掌握的重点句型之一，词句型还有另外两种结构：was / were about to do + when did ; had done + when + did 。 在这三个句型中，when引导的并列句，意为：就在这时（那时）突然.。【xx江苏卷】27. He hurried home, never once looking back to see if he _.A. was being followed B. was following C. had been followed D. followed【答案】A【解析】试题分析：考查动词的时态和语态。he和follow是动宾关系，即他被别人跟踪，排除B/D；根据句意“在匆忙赶回家的路上，他从未回头看是否被跟踪”，用过去进行时最合适，故选A。句意：他匆匆忙忙往家赶，就是不回头看一看是否有人跟踪自己。考点：时态和语态【xx江苏卷】31.Hes been informed that he _ for the scholarship because of his academic background.A. hasnt qualified B. hadnt qualified C. doesnt qualify D. wasnt qualifying 【答案】C【解析】试题分析：考查动词的时态。句意：他已经被告知由于教育背景的原因而没有资格获得奖学金。qualify for sth达标，获得参赛资格。由于条件不满足而没有资格做某事，是客观事实，故选C。考点：考查动词的时态【xx北京卷】33. People_ better access to health care than they used to, and theyre living longer as a result.A. will haveB. haveC. hadD. had had【答案】B考点：考查时态。【xx北京卷】29. In the 1950s in the USA, most families had just one phone at home, and wireless phones _ yet. A. havent invented B. havent been invented C. hadnt invented D. hadnt been invented【答案】D【解析】试题分析：句意：在美国20世纪50年代的时候，大多数的家庭家里只有一部电话，并且无线电话还根本没有发明出来。根据句意可知用被动语态，排除AC，事情发生在过去，与现在无关，不用现在完成时，排除B，故选D，过去完成时的被动语态。考点：考查时态语态。【xx北京卷】24. _ that pany to see how they think of our product yesterday?Yes. They are happy with it.A. Did you call B. Have you called C. Will you call D. Were you calling【答案】A试题分析：句意：-你昨天有没有给那家公司打电话问问他们对我们的产品感觉怎么样？-打了，他们此刻正用得很开心。空格所在题干有一个很明显的时间状语yesterday，发生在过去，肯定用过去式，故选A。考点：考查时态。【短文改错】1. xx全国卷once I started the car, my mind goes blank.goes改为went考查时态。根据前文中的started可知时态为一般过去时，故将goes改为went。2.xx全国卷When summer came，they will invite their students pick the fresh vegetables!came改为es考查动词时态。此处指“当夏天来临时”，用一般现在时。students后加to考查固定结构。invite sb to do sth邀请某人做某事。3.xx全国卷When I look at this picture of myself, I realize of how fast time flies. I had grown not only physically, and also mentally in the past few years.删去of考查介词。realize是及物动词，后接宾语不需要介词，故删去介词of。hadhave考查动词的时态。根据本句中的时间状语in the past few years可知这个句子用现在完成时。