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课 题被动语态的考点解析教学目标掌握被动语态的用法教学内容【温故知新】批注：我们见过很多街头艺人，在大街上画出的立体画非常的逼真，很多人都会认为是真的，而从旁边绕过去，所以我们被欺骗啦！ We are cheated! 这样的表达，就是我们今天要讲的内容被动语态【知识梳理】知识点1：被动语态的基本知识1. 语态：英语的语态是通过动词的形式表现出来的，用来表明主语与谓语动词之间的关系，英语的动词有两种语态形式，即主动语态和被动语态。如果主语是动作的执行者，谓语动词用主动语态。如果主语是动作的对象，谓语动词用被动语态。2. 主动语态与被动语态的转化：将主动语态的宾语改为被动语态的主语；将主动语态的谓语动词改为“be过去分词”结构；将主动语态的主语改为介词by之后的宾语，放在谓语动词之后（有时可省略）。例： We visited that factory last summer. 主动语态主语 谓语 宾语 状语That factory was visited by us last summer 被动语态 主语 谓语 宾语 状语3. 用法：被动语态常用于以下两种情况：（1）不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者；例：This cloth is made of cotton. （2）强调动作的承受者。例：Her bike is stolen . 知识点2：被动语态在各种时态下的构成时态结构例句一般现在时am/is/are +过去分词We are taught English by her.由她教我们英语。一般过去时was/were+过去分词A present was given to me by Mary.玛丽给了我一件礼物。一般将来时will/shall/be going to be+过去分词The desk will be mended by him.这张桌子将由他修理。现在进行时am/is/are +being + 过去分词The walls are being painted now.正在粉刷墙壁。过去进行时was/were +being + 过去分词The talk was being given at this time yesterday.昨天这个时候正在作报告。现在完成时have/has been+过去分词The flowers have been watered.这些花已经被浇了。过去完成时had been+过去分词She said this lift had never been used.过去将来时would/should/be going to be+过去分词The film would be shown again sometime next week. 这部电影下周的某个时候又将上映。情态动词情态动词+be+过去分词（其时态及句型的变化仅由情态动词完成，be+过去分词部分不变）例1：Tables can be made of stone.桌子可由石头制造。例2：Tables could be made of stone at that time. 那时桌子可由石头制造。（一般过去时）例3：Can tables be made of stone? 桌子能用石头制造吗？（疑问句） 批注：这里可以跟学生一起回顾一下动词的原形、过去式和过去分词，避免混淆。【例题精讲】单选题例1：(2012福建福州) Our classroom_every day. So it is. Its our duty to keep it clean and tidy.A. cleans B. is cleaning C. is cleaned D. cleaning解析：答案C。our classroom做主语，很明显是“被打扫”，并且根据语境是一般现在时态，所以用一般现在时态的被动is cleaned。例2：（2013陕西）The mobile phone has influenced peoples life a lot since it _.A. invents B. invented C. is invented D. was invented 解析：答案D。考查动词时态和语态。句意：自从手机发明后，它在很大程度上影响了人们的生活。根据句意判断用一般过去时，手机与动词invent在逻辑上是被动关系，所以用一般过去时的被动语态。例3：（2013江苏南京）It is said that an Asian Culture Village inside the AYG, Village in Nanjing in the coming Asian Youth Games period.A. buildsB. is buildingC. will be builtD. was built解析：答案C。考查动词的被动语态用法。an Asian Culture Village(亚洲文化村)与动作build构成被动关系，所以应使用被动语态，故排除A、B项；又据句中in the coming Asian Youth Games period可知为将来时间，所以选择答案C。例4：（2013内蒙古呼和浩特） People who _ to the party are very excited. A. have invited B. has been invited C. will invite D. have been invited 解析：答案D。考查被动语态的用法。根据句意“已经被邀请去参加聚会的人非常激动。”可以判断须用现在完成时的被动语态。B和C选项为主动语态，但是动词invite没有宾语，故排除；而B选项中，has和主语people不能搭配。所以选择答案D。 例5：（2013湖北黄冈）How often do I need to feed the dog? It _ food every day, or it will be hungry.A. must give B. must be give C. must be given D. must be gave 解析：答案C。考查情态动词的被动语态。 它每天必须被喂食，应用被动语态，其构成是be+过去分词，故选C。例6： The new suspension bridge _ by the end of last month.A. has been designedB. had been designed C. was designed D. would be designed解析：答案B。根据“by the end of last month”，所以用过去完成时，又因为这座新桥是被设计的，所以综合来看，用过去完成时的被动语态。例7：用括号内动词的适当形式填空1.she _ (tell) the good news as soon as it arrived.2.A lot of work _(do) for the poor kids in the past few years.3.The book _ (write) by the young girl several years ago.4.All the tickets _(sell) out when we got to the cinema.5.A new building _(build) at our school now.6.I dont believe youve already finished reading the book which _(lend) to you this morning！解析：1. 答案was told。首先根据“as soon as it arrived”，判断时态是一般过去时，而句意是“她被告知这个好消息”，所以用一般过去时的被动语态。 2. 答案has been done。由时间状语可知需要用现在完成时态，句意是“大量工作已经被做”，所以用被动语态。 3. 答案was written。“several years ago”，可判断时态为一般过去时，“书是由一个年轻女孩所写”，应用被动语态。4. 答案had been sold。“在他们到达电影院的时候，票已经卖完了”，这里“到达”已经是过去时，所以票卖完了是在到达之前发生的，所以用过去完成时的被动语态。 5. 答案is being built。由now可知需用现在进行时态，新桥是“被建造”，所以用现在进行时态的被动语态。 6. 答案 was lent。由this morning可知时态为一般过去时，而书“被借出”，用被动语态。例8：把下列句子改为被动句1. John drew a beautiful horse last week.2. The children will sing an English song.3. People use metal for making machines.4. He asked me to do that for him.5. They sold out the light green dresses. 答案：1. A beautiful horse was drawn by John last week. 2. A English song will be sung by the children. 3. Metal is used for making machines by people. 4. I was asked to do that for him. 5. The light green dresses were sold out by them.例9：用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空。1.Its said that the long bridge_（build）in two months 2.Where to have the meeting _ （discuss）now 3.Which language _the most widely_（speak）in the world？ 4.The lost boy_（not find）so far 5.Last year a large number of trees_（cut）down 解析：1. 答案will be built。根据后面的in two months可判断时态为一般将来时，再根据主语是bridge，可知桥是被建造的，所以用一般将来时的被动语态。2.答案is being discussed。这里主语是疑问词引导的不定式做主语，谓语动词用三单形式， 再看最后的时间状语是now，所以用现在进行时的被动语态“is being discussed”。3. 答案is spoken。句意是“哪种语言在全世界最广泛的被说”，这是一种常识性的是奇怪，所以用一般现在时的被动语态。 4. 答案hasnt been found。首先根据后面的“so far”，判断时态为现在完成时，再根据主语是单数，可以判断用“hasnt been found”。5. 答案were cut。时间状语“last year”，可判断时态为一般过去时，主语是很多树，所以用were cut，这里需要注意cut的原形、过去式和过去分词拼写是一样的。例10：单选题 1. The decision about the price _ in a few days. So they have to wait.（2013年白下区中考一模）A. is made B. was made C. is being made D. will be made 解析：答案D。根据后面“in a few days”，判断是一般将来时。这个决定是“被做”，所以用一般将来时的被动语态。2. If city noises _ from increasing，people will have to shout to be heard even at dinnerA. are not keptB. are not keep C. do not keep D. do not kept解析：答案A。这里首先是条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”原则，所以if从句里面用一般现在时态的被动。3. The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence, _and perfected now.A. developed B. have developedC. are being developed D. will have been developed解析：答案C。句意是“第五代电脑正在发展和完善”，有被动意思，而且有now这个时间状语，所以用现在进行时态的被动语态。4. - _ the sports meet might be put off- Yes，it all depends on the weatherA. Ive been told B. Ive told C. Im told D. I told解析：答案A。这里说的是运动会这个消息，我是“被告知”的，所以用被动语态，所以排除B和D。再根据句意，被告知这个事情已经发生了，强调对现在所造成的影响，所以需要用现在完成时态。5. I need one more stamp before my collection _.A. has completed B. completes C. has been completed D. is completed解析：答案D。这里也需遵循“主将从现”原则，before引导的从句中需用一般现在时，所以用一般现在时的被动语态。6. Rainforests _ and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future.A. cut B. are cut C. are being cut D. had been cut解析：答案C。句意是“雨林正在以很快的速度被砍伐和焚烧”，所以用现在进行时的被动语态。7. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _.A. breaks B. has broken C. was broken D. had been broken解析：答案C。这里的意思是“当铅笔一端被放在一杯水里的时候，看起来就好像被折断了”，又因为这里涉及as if后面需要用虚拟语气，所以时态需比主句往后退一格，因此用过去时态的被动语态。【举一反三】知识点1：不及物动词不用于被动语态，如appear, rise, come out, happen, occur, lie, take place等不及物动词不能用于被动语态。例1：Great changes_place. Many new schools _. A. have taken, have been opened B. take, are open C. are taken, open D. have been taken, are opened 解析：答案A。因为take place没有被动语态，所以排除C和D，又因后句中很多新学校开了，这里需要被动，而且表示到现在为止已经开了，所以用现在完成时态的被动语态。综合选择A。例2：A strange thing _ in our school yesterday. A. was happened B. has been happened C. happened D. was going to happen 解析：答案C。因为happen没有被动语态，所以排除A和B。又有yesterday，可判断时态是一般过去时，所以选C。表状态动词不用于被动语态，常见的有：hold, have, cost, contain, become, look like等例1：这本书花了我20元。（用cost翻译）_解析：答案The book cost me 20 yuan。因为主语是书，很可能有的同学会写成“The book was cost 20 yuan.” 可是cost这里表状态，不用于被动态。例2：That suit _ over 60 dollars.A. had costed B. costed C. is costed D. cost解析：答案D。因为cost这个词不需要用被动语态，所以这里的主语是单数，可以用costs（一般现在时）或cost（一般过去时），根据选项，只能选D。知识点2：主动形式表被动意义。1）某些感官动词和系动词接形容词可以表示被动意义。如：look, smell, taste, feel, prove, wear, sound等例：Her bedroom looks very clean and tidy.她的卧室看起来非常干净和整洁。2)某些作表语的形容词后，用不定式主动形式表示被动意义。例：The conversation is hard to understand.对这话很难理解。 The fish is not easy to fish.鱼不容易钓。 The passage is difficult to read.这段文章很难读懂。3)动名词的主动形式表示被动语态。如：need, require, worth等，并且可相互转化，如need doing = need to be done。例：The book is worth reading.这本书值得一读。 The children need looking after.孩子们需要照看。4) write, sell, wash和read和副词连用，主动语态表被动意义。例：The pen writes smoothly. 这笔写起来很顺手。 The article reads well. 这篇文章读起来很好。例1：- Do you like the material? - Yes, it _ very soft. A . is feelingB . feltC . feelsD . is felt 解析：答案C。这道题首先根据选项看出考查的是feel的用法，它属于系动词，无被动，无进行时，所以排除 A，D，然后根据前一句话的时态确定选择C。 例2：It is difficult for a foreigner _ ChineseA. write B. to write C. to be written D. written解析：答案B。作表语的形容词difficult后不定式to write主动形式表示被动意义。例3：The composition doesnt_any more. A. need to be correcting B. need to be corrected C. need be corrected D. need be correcting解析：答案B。因为need doing sth = need to be done，这里只有B正确，如果变成need doing sth，可以换成need correcting。例4：- What do you think of the book? -Oh, excellent. Its worth _ a second time. A . to read B . to be read C . reading D . being read解析：答案C。本题通过后面的回答可以很明显看出是be worth的考点，首先后面接doing，然后根据它的主动表被动的特点，排除D。例5：The kind of cloth _ well.A. wash B.is washed C.washes D.is washing解析：答案C。本题的考点是wash后接副词，表示耐洗，主动形式表被动语态，因为cloth不可数，所以谓语动词用三单形式。知识点3：及物动词后跟双宾语的句子，被动语态有两种。常见的有：主动语态被动语态bring sb. sth. 把某物带给某人sb be brought sth / sth be brought to sb lend sb. sth. 把某物借给某人sb be lent sth/ sth be lent to sboffer sb. sth. 将某物给某人sb be offered sth/ sth be offered to sbpass sb. sth. 把某物递给某人sb be passed sth/ sth be passed to sb pay sb. sth. 付给某人某物（钱）sb be paid sth/ sth be paid to sb send sb. sth.把某物送给某人sb be sent sth/ sth be sent to sbsell sb. sth.把某物卖给某人sb be sold sth/ sth be sold to sbshow sb. sth. 拿某物给某人看sb be shown sth/ sth be shown to sb teach sb. sth. 教某人某物sb be taught sth/ sth be taught to sb tell sb. sth.告诉某人某情况sb be told sth/ sth be told to sbbuy sb. sth. 为某人买某物sb be bought sth/ sth be bought for sb make sb. sth.为某人制作某物sb be made sth/ sth be made for sb 例1：同义句转换My parents gives me a birthday present every year! （变被动语态，两种表达）_解析：答案I am given a birthday present by my parents every year. A birthday present is given to me by my parents every year. 分别把宾语me和a birthday作为主语。例2：He told us a story（变被动语态，两种表达）_解析：答案We were told a story（by him）或A story was told to us by him分别以we和a story 做主语，主语谓语动词的形式以及时态。知识点4：感官动词see,hear,watch,feel,notice及使役动词let, make, have等，动词后省略to不定式，变为被动语态时，应加上不定式符合to.例：I always see the boys play in the park. (变成被动语态) The boys are always seen to play by me in the park.例1：He was made _ a lot of work. A. do B. to do C. did D. doing 解析：答案B。make的用法是make sb do sth，在被动的情况下，需把省略的不定式to还原。所以被动形式为be made to do sth。例2：He was seen something from the shop . A. steal B. to steal C. to be stolen D. stealed 解析：答案B。see的用法，see sb do sth和see sb doing sth，被动态是sb be seen to do sth和sb be seen doing sth，所以根据选项来看，这里选择B。知识点5：一些动词短语用于被动语态时，动词短语应当看作一个整体，而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。 例：We cant laugh at him. He cant be laughed at by us.例1：翻译1. 从来没有听说过这件事情。_2. 我妹妹由奶奶照顾的很好。_答案：1. Such a thing has never been heard of before. 2. My sister will be taken care of by Grandma.例2：单选题1. I think much attention _your pronunciation.A. must be paid to B. ought to paid to C. must pay to D. should be paid 解析：答案A。首先attention作主语，后面需接被动语态，所以先排除B和C。又因为pay attention to这个动词短语，在被动语态时，后面的to不可以丢掉，所以选A。2. Our teacher _ carefully. A. should be listened to B. should be listen C. be listened D. is listened 解析：答案A。首先our teacher作主语，后面表示“被听”，需接被动语态，又因为是单数，所以先排除C。又因为listen to这个动词短语，在被动语态时，后面的to不可以丢掉，所以选A。【课堂总结】我的收获：1、 2、我的疑惑：1、2、【课后作业】一：选择题( )1._ a new library _ in our school last year? A. Is; built B. Was; built C. Does; build D. Did ; build ( )2. An accident _ on this road last week. A. has been happened B. was happened C. is happened D. happened ( )3.Cotton（棉花） _ in the southeast of China. A. is grown B. are grown C. grows D. grow ( )4.So far, the moon _ by man already. A. is visited B. will be visited C. has been visitedD. was visited ( )5.A talk on Chinese history _ in the school hall next week. A. is given B. has been given C. will be given D. gives ( )6.How many trees _ this year? A. are planted B. will plant C. have been planted D. planted ( )7.A lot of things _ by people to save the little girl now. A. are doing B. are being done C. has been done D. will be done ( )8.-When _ this kind of computers_? -Last year. A. did; use B. was; used C. is; used D. are; used ( )9.The Great Wall _ all over the world. A. knows B. knew C. is known D. was known ( )10.Who _ this book _? A. did; written B. was; written by C. did; written D. was; written Keys:1. B 2. D 3.A 4. C 5. C 6.C 7.B 8.B 9.C 10. B二：用所给动词的适当形式填空1. The students _ often _(tell) to take care of their desks and chairs. 2. The old man is ill. He must_ (send) to the hospital. 3. Vegetables, eggs and fruits_ (sell) in this shop. 4. What _ knives _ (make) of ? They_(make) of metal(金属) and wood. 5. Can the magazine _ (take) out of the library? 6. The room _ (clean) by me every day. 7. The stars cant _ (see) in the daytime. 8. Some flowers _ (water) by Li Ming already. 9. This kind of shoes _ (sell) well. 10. The whole mountain _ (cover) by the snow.Keys: 1.are told 2. be sent 3. are sold 4.are； made , are made 5. be taken 5. is cleaned 7.be seen 8. have been watered 9. sells 10. is covered三、句子翻译1. 残疾人不应被轻视。2. 这些孩子被照顾的很好。3. 安全的重要性必须被关注。4. 这个问题将会被讨论。答案：1. The disabled shouldnt be looked down upon. 2. The children are taken good care of. 3. The importance of the safety must be paid attention to. 4. The question will be talked about later. 四、用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空1 English _(speak)all over the world.2 The song _(write) by him 2 yeas ago.3 The pictures_(take) by him tomorrow.4 The film _(show) here twice.5 The computer _(can use ) in the room.6 The article _(translate) into many languages since it was published.7 The room _(paint) now.8 That clock _(call) Big Ben.9 Last week I _(ask) about English culture.10.The food _ (smell) delicious.答案：1.is spoken 2.was written 3.will be taken 4.has been shown 5.can be used 6.has been translated 7.is being painted 8.is called 9.was asked 10.smells五、单项选择（ ）1. Good books _ again and again.A. should be readed B. should be read C. must read D. ought to read （ ）2. The children _ by the nurse.A. were looked B. looked after C. were looked after D. looked （ ）3. He _ some pieces of advice, but he _ to them.A. gave, didnt listen B. was given, wasnt listenedC. give, wasnt listened D. was given, didnt listen （ ）4. When_ the accident _ ?A. was, happen B. did, happen C. is, happen D. was, happened （ ）5. The question _ by us soon.A. is going to discuss B. will discussC. is going to be discussed D. has been discussed （ ）6. The lab _ about five years ago.A. was builded B. was built C. builds D. has been built（ ）7. A lot of tall buildings _ in his hometown in the last three years.A. have set up B. have been set up C. were set up D. set up （ ）8. They _ printing 500 copies by the end of last month.A. had finished B. have finished C. had been finished D. have been finished （ ）9. Rice _ also _ in their hometown.A. isgrown B. isgrew C. wasgrew D. wasgrown （ ）10. He _ by the teachers.A. is always praised B. praises C. have been praised D. always is praised （ ）11. The sports meeting _ held until next week.A. didnt beB. wontbeC. isnt D. doesnt （ ）12. The picture_in October, 1996.A. was taking B. had been taken C. was taken D. had taken （ ）13. We cant use the bridge now, because it_ .A. has been repaired B. is repairing C. is repaired D. is being repaired （ ）14. I _the way to the railway station by a policeman.A. was shown B. showed C. have shown D. was showing （ ）15. The war_ in 1941.A. broke out B. had been broken outC. was broken out D. had broken out （ ）16. When water_ , it will be changed into vapor(蒸汽).A. is heated B. heating C. has heated D. heats （ ）17. We cant enter the room because its door_ .A. locked B. locks C. is locked D. is locking （ ）18. They _day and night.A. are made work B. are made to work C. made to be worked D. are making to work （ ）19. Changan Road is _of people.A. filled B. fill C. full D. fulled （ ）20. Man-made satellites _into space by many countries.A. was sent up B. is sent up C. have been sent up D. has been sent up （ ）21. This English song _ often _ by the children.A. is, singing B. is, sung C. will, sing D. was, sung （ ）22.The windows of our house _once a week.A. must clean B. have cleaned C. is cleaned D. are cleaned （ ）23. When _ the Peoples Republic of China_ ?A. was, found B. was, founded C. did, found D. does, found （ ）24. Marys radio _ by my brother just now.A. will be mended B. has mended C. was mended D. mended （ ）25. Your exercise books _ after class.A. will hand in B. must hand in C. handed in D. must be handed in （ ）26. Some trees may _ at other times of the year.A. be planted B. plant C. are planted D. will be planted （ ）27. The sun _ at night as usual.A. can be seen B. cant see C. cant be seen D. doesnt see （ ）28. A new English play _ there next week.A. will put on B. will be put on C. is going to put on D. will be putted on （ ）29. A strange thing _ in our school yesterday.A. was happened B. has been happened C. happened D. was going to happen （ ）30. The glass _ . It _ by little Tom
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