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111Unit 3Under the sea教 材 面 面 观单词拓展1._adj.每年的；按年度计算的n年刊；年鉴2_n住所；住宿_vt.供应；供给3_vi.逃避；逃跑vt.逃离_(过去式、过去分词)4_n深，深度；深处_adj.深的5_vt.放弃；遗弃；抛弃_n放弃；遗弃；抛弃_adj.被抛弃的；被遗弃的6_n关系；血缘关系；交往_n关系；联系；亲戚_adj.有关系的；相对的7_vt.映射；反射vt. & vi.思考_n反射；映象；沉思8_adj.纯的；纯粹的；纯洁的_adv.纯地；纯粹地；纯洁地_n纯洁；纯净；纯度_vt.使纯净；提纯9_adj.意识的；知道的_n意识；清醒10_adj.生动的；鲜明的；鲜艳的_adv.生动地；鲜明地_n活泼；明亮11_adj.狭窄的；有限的；狭隘的_adv.勉强地；精细地12_adj.锐利的；锋利的；敏捷的_adv.尖锐地_vt.削尖；磨快_n磨具；削具13_adj.好吃的；可口的_vt.品尝；体验14_vt.恐吓vt.受惊吓_adj.恐惧的_adj.令人恐惧的15_n养老金；退休金_n领退休金或养老金的人短语回顾1._the meantime与此期间；与此同时2be/become_of 对知道、明白；意识到3(be)_to death 吓死了4draw_ 靠近5hold_ 阻挡6help(.)_ 帮助(某人)摆脱困境或危难7upside_ 上下翻转8sort_ 整理；分类；收拾9_at 瞄准10be_to do sth. 正要做某事句型背诵1.This was the call_announced there was_ _ _a whale hunt.这是宣告捕鲸行动马上就要开始的呼声。2.I could see he was terrified of_ _ _us.我可以看出他非常害怕被我们抛弃。3The first thing I_ _ _was all the vivid colours_me.我首先注意到的是我周围那些鲜艳的色彩4We ran down to the shore in time to see an enormous animal _itself out of the water and then _ down again.我们及时跑到海边，看到一个巨大的动物跃出水面而后又跌入水中。5I looked down into the water and could see Old Tom swimming by the boat, _ us the way.我低头朝水中看去，看到老汤姆正在船边游着，为我们引路。6A few minutes later, there was no Tom, so George started beating the water with his oar and there was Tom, circling back to the boat, _ us to the hunt again.几分钟以后，汤姆不见了，乔治开始用浆击打水面，汤姆又出现了，围着小船转圈，又带着我们捕猎了。自我诊断单词拓展1annual2.accommodation；accommodate3.flee；fled4.depth；deep5.abandon；abandonment；abandoned6.relationship；relation；relative7.reflect；reflection8.pure；purely；purity；purify9.aware；awareness10.vivid；vividly；vividness11.narrow；narrowly12.sharp；sharply；sharpen；sharpener13.tasty；taste14.scare；scared；scaring15.pension；pensioner短语回顾1in2.aware3.scared4.near5.up6.out7.down8.out9.aim10.about句型背诵1that；about to be2.being abandoned by3.became aware of；surrounding4.throwing; crashing5.showing6.leading考 点 串 串 讲重点单词1.abandon vt.放弃，抛弃(某人)，放弃(计划、希望等)，离开(家园)；遗弃(孩子)；沉溺于n尽情；放纵abandon oneself to沉湎于abandon sth.放弃某物with abandon放肆地；恣意地He abandoned himself to despair.他陷入绝望中。Jackson has abandoned his old car.杰克逊把他那辆旧车扔了。People were shouting and cheering with abandon.人们兴高采烈，纵情欢呼。易混辨析abandon, desert, quit与give upabandon指不得已而遗弃、放弃人或事物。desert强调故意逃避应尽的义务和职责，违背誓言，有责难之意。quit指“放弃，退出，离开”，多指突然或不情愿放弃，也有“中止；离职，辞职”的意思。give up为常用词，多用于口语，与abandon同义。The research plan was abandoned because of the poor conditions.这项研究计划因为条件差被放弃。Never desert a friend in need.决不要抛弃有困难的朋友。My father has quit smoking.我父亲已戒烟了。I cant answer that puzzle; I give up.我猜不出这个谜语，我认输了。用法拓展abandoned adj.被放弃的；无约束的；放荡的Hong Zhanhui brought up a girl abandoned by her parents.洪战辉抚养了一个被父母遗弃的女孩。即境活用单项填空A good teacher would not let her students _.AabandonBdesertCabandoned Dabandoning用abandon/desert/quit/give up填空Dont _ yourself to drinking.The village was _ because of the flood.He _ smoking and drinking definitely.My daughter _ the idea of going abroad.答案：Cabandondesertedquit/gave upgave up/quit2witness n目击者；证人；证据vt.当场见到；目击He witnessed to having seen the man enter the room.他证明看到那个人进了房间。The police found the witness to the murder case.警察找到了那个谋杀案的目击者。用法拓展in witness of.作为的证据/证人a witness/witnesses to的证人/证据witness to证实；证明bear/give witness to.作为的证据witness n证人，目击者；证词give/bear false witness作伪证He witnessed the accident.He was a witness to the accident.他亲眼看见了那个意外事故。He witnessed the truth of my statement.他证明我的陈述真实。即境活用单项填空After the explosion，the policemen did a lot of work to find out some clues from the_.AonlookersBviewersCpeople Dwitnesses答案：D3flee vi.逃走，逃掉vt.逃离，逃避Samuel has fled.塞缪尔已经逃跑了。Why does she always flee any kind of responsibility?她为什么总是逃避责任？During the civil war thousands of people fled the country.在内战期间成千上万的人逃离了这个国家。归纳延伸flee away逃离flee from从逃离；避免flee to逃至flee in terror惊慌逃跑即境活用翻译句子他杀死了他的敌人，然后逃离了那个国家。_答案：He killed his enemy and fled the country.4narrow adj.狭窄的；有限的；狭隘的He moves in a narrow circle of friends.他生活在狭小的朋友圈子里。用法拓展(1)narrow还可以表示“所余不多的，勉强的”(2)narrowly adv.仅仅，勉强地，严密地(3)a narrow victory险胜(4)in a narrow sense在狭义上(5)narrow majority微弱多数(6)by a narrow margin相差不多地(7)narrow down缩小(范围等)They had a narrow victory over the enemy in the battle.在那次战斗中他们勉强胜过了敌人。He narrowly escaped drowning.他差一点儿淹死。Watch that fellow narrowly.注意看着那家伙。5offer vt.提供；主动提出；报价The company has offered a high salary.这家公司提供高薪。Television began to offer some programmes from foreign countries.电视开始播出一些外国的节目。We offered him a lift, but he didnt accept.我们建议他搭我们的便车，但他没有接受。He offered to lend me his bike.他表示愿意把他的自行车借给我。用法拓展(1)offer可用于offer sth. to sb., offer sb. sth., offer to do sth.等结构。(2)offer作名词用，表示“提议；提供；给予；出价；报价”，后面可接不定式或of介词短语，两者均作offer的定语。(3)made an offer of主动提出；报价。He made an offer of help.他主动提供帮助。They made an offer of $3,000 for the car.他们出价三千美元买这辆小汽车。Thank you for your kind offer to help.谢谢你愿意帮忙的好意。She offered me the job.(She offered the job to me.)她向我提供了这份工作。即境活用单项填空He _ me a chance to do the experiment once again.AofferedBsuppliedCprovided Dlent答案：A6accommodation n住所；(pl.)住宿，膳宿；提供便利的设备(或用具)；适应，调节；调解，和解用法拓展(1)accommodate (sth./oneself)toadapt (sth./oneself)to 使(某物/自己)适应(或顺应)(2)accommodate sb. with.supply sb. with.向某人提供(3)make accommodations for为提供膳宿(4)book accommodations at a hotel向旅馆预订房间(5)arrange sb.s accommodation给某人安排住处The hall can only accommodate 200 people.这个大厅只能容纳200人。Weve made every effort to accommodate your point of view.我们已经尽力迁就你们的观点。We reached an accommodation between both parties.我们双方达成了和解。即境活用单项填空More and more travelers are looking for bed and breakfast _ in private homes.AaccommodationsBserviceCadvantage Doffer答案：A7aware adj.意识到的；知道的(1)be/become aware of sth./that./whclause知道，明白，意识到(2)make sb. aware of sth.使某人明白某事(3)就我所知(4)lack of awareness一无所知Most smokers are perfectly aware of the dangers of smoking.大多数吸烟者完全知道吸烟的危害。Its time someone made him aware of the effects of his actions.该有人让他明白他的所作所为所造成的后果了。So far as Im aware this is the first time a British rider has won the competition.就我所知，这是英国骑师第一次赢得这项竞赛。易混辨析aware与conscious二者都可表示“意识到的”，都可用于be aware/conscious of结构，但aware指感官上的知觉；而conscious指内心所意识到的感觉。I suddenly felt aware of somebody watching me.我突然觉得有人盯着我看。He became acutely conscious of having failed his parents.他深深感到自己辜负了父母(的期望)。即境活用单项填空The event made people _ the world hunger.Acome aboutBcurious aboutCaware of Dadapted to翻译句子她发觉有东西烧着了。_答案：CShe became aware that something was burning.8scare vt.恐吓vi.受惊吓(1)(be) scared to death吓死了(2)be scared of sb./(doing)sth.害怕某人/恐惧(干)某事(3)scare sb. into doing sth.恐吓/威胁某人做某事(4)be scared to do sth.不敢干某事(5)scare.away/off把吓跑(6)scared adj.担惊受怕的Ignore him, hes just trying to scare us.不要理他，他只是想吓唬我们罢了。Some parents try to scare their children into behaving well.有些父母试图用吓唬的法子使孩子守规矩。We lit fires to scare away the wolves.我们点起火堆来吓跑狼群。即境活用用适当的介副词填空He scares people _ by being so brash.They scared him _ handing over the keys.答案：awayinto9reflect vt.&vi.反射；表达；反映；考虑A mirror reflects a picture of you when you look into it.当你照镜子时，镜子映出你的形象。Does this letter reflect how you really think?这封信是否表达了你真实的想法？He reflected before answering my question.他在回答我的问题之前仔细考虑了一下。His face was reflected in the mirror.他的脸映照在镜子里。用法拓展reflect on/upon招致；考虑，思考；给带来(坏)影响reflect sb./sth. in sth.(指镜子等)映出某人/物的影像reflect sth. from sth.从某物(表面)反射(光、热、声等)reflection n反射；反照；反映；映像；倒影be lost in reflection陷入沉思中The unemployment figures reflect badly on the governments policies.失业数字给政府的政策带来很坏的影响。Such behavior will only reflect discredit on yourself.那样的行为只会影响到你自己的信誉。I need time to reflect on your offer.我需要时间来考虑你的建议。The mountains were reflected in the lake.山在湖面上反映出来。This material absorbs the sound，and doesnt reflect it.这种材料吸音，而不产生回音。易混辨析reflect和considerreflect表示思考的方式，回顾、回想发生过的事情，常与on或upon连用。consider包括了推理、用抽象的概念思考和对未来的思考。After reflecting for a time he decided not to go.仔细思考后，他决定不去了。We have considered your application carefully，but can not offer you the job.我们已经认真考虑了你的申请，但不能聘请你做这份工作。即境活用单项填空Usually a childs behavior is a_of his family environment.Arecognition BreflectionCreturn DrecordThe_of the trees in the water was very clear.Amirror BreflectionCshadow Dsight答案：BB10opposite prep.在对面 adj.相对的；相反的；(在)对面的 adv.在对面，对过 n相反的人(事物)；对立物用法拓展be the opposite of.的相反者/对立物quite/just the opposite完全/正好相反at opposite ends of the city在城市的两端in the opposite direction向相反的方向特别提醒opposite词性较多，在使用时尤其要注意其副词词性和形容词词性的不同用法。如短语the houses opposite“对面的房子”中opposite为形容词，作后置定语；而在He lives just opposite“他就住在对面”中opposite为副词。即境活用单项填空In England you must drive on the_side of the road to the rest of Europe.Aopposite BoppositionCoppress Dopposed答案：A句意为：在英国路上开车，要与欧洲其他国家相反。opposite adj.“相对的，对面的”；opposition n“反对，敌对”；oppress vt.“压迫”；opposed adj.“反对的”。11drag vt.拖；拉 vi.拖曳；吸用法拓展drag on没完没了地延续下去；拖延drag sth. out of sb.套某人的话，强迫某人说出drag(sth.)up提起(不愿回忆或谈论的事)drag sb. down使某人虚弱；使某人情绪低落易混辨析pull，draw与dragpull拉；普通用语，指用力 ，但不强调力的大小(与push相对)。draw通常表示“向前方拖”，或“向施加力的人或物的方向拖或拉”，并且包含着“比较容易地或平滑地运动”之意；draw还具有“拔(出)；汲取，吸引”之意。drag指“慢慢地而沉重地拽”，常指拖笨重的、阻力很大的东西。He dragged a heavy box out of the room.他把一只很重的箱子从屋里拖出来。I felt a pull at my sleeve and turned round.我觉得有人扯我的袖子，便转过身来。Draw your chair up to the table.把你的椅子拉到桌子旁边来。即境活用选词填空：drag，pull，drawWhile you were on the phone，the boy_the tablecloth off the table.After some time，he began to_the net in.We_the fallen tree to clear the road.答案：pulleddrawdragged12urge vt.催促；极力主张；驱策；力促；力劝用法拓展urge sb. to do(into doing)sth.力劝某人干某事sb.urge that.某人力劝(从句用虚拟语气should动词原形，should可省略)urge sb./sth. forward驱策某人/某物，使某人/某物前行urge sb.on激励某人即境活用单项填空He urged that we_at once.Ago BwentCgoing Dto go答案：Aurge后加宾语从句，从句中要用虚拟语气，即should动词原形，其中should可以省略。重点短语1.in the meantime在期间，同时The next programme starts in five minutes，in the meantime, heres some music.下一个节目五分钟后开始，现在先播放些音乐。特别提醒in the meantime的同义词是meanwhile。I went to college. Meanwhile, all my friends got wellpaid jobs.我上大学去了，那时我的朋友全都找到了收入不错的工作。即境活用翻译句子她预定星期四到达。这期间我们做什么呢？_答案：She is due to arrive on Thursday.In the meantime, what shall we do？2scare to death吓坏了，吓得要死You scared me to death.你把我吓死了。用法拓展scare sb. away/off把某人吓跑scare sb. into/out of sth.(doing sth.)吓得某人做/不敢做某事scared adj.惊恐的，恐惧的be scared to sth.害怕干某事It scares sb. to do sth.使某人害怕去做某事be scared of(to do)惊恐；恐惧scary adj.恐怖的；吓人的That noise scared me.那声音把我吓坏了。He scared easily.他动不动就害怕。They lighted a fire to scare off the wolves.他们点起火来把狼吓跑。It is a dark scary street.那是一条令人害怕的漆黑街道。The story he told me was the scariest one I ever heard.他讲的故事是我听到过的最令人害怕的一个。Dont be so scary.Were quite safe.别这么胆怯，我们很安全。温馨提示scare to death中介词to表示到达某种结果。如：starve to death饿死；beat sb. to death打死某人；sentence sb. to death判某人死刑；be tired to death累极了；be bored to death烦透了；work oneself to death积劳而死My income this month has amounted to 5,000 dollars.我这个月的收入已达5,000美元。She tore the letter to piece.她把那封信撕得粉碎。The train slowed to a stop.火车减速停车。即境活用单项填空Janie lay on the floor_，too_to move.Atrembled；scaringBtrembling；scaringCtrembling；scaredDtrembled；scaredWhen Mary heard the story of the hero，she was moved_tears.Aat BtoCby Dwith答案：CB3help(.)out帮助(某人)摆脱困境或危险；协助；使(某人)脱离困境用法拓展help sb. with/(to)do sth.帮助某人某事/做某事help sb. into/out of扶某人进入/出去cant help doing sth.忍不住做某事cant help but do只得做，不得不做help yourself(to sth.)为自己取(食物等)with the help of sb.with ones help在的帮助下即境活用单项填空I dont know how to translate the sentence.Could you help me_？Awith BthroughCacross Dout用help的适当短语填空Hes always willing to_when were short of staff.Hearing the news，she_laughing.Would you_me_my English?答案：Dhelp sb. out意为“帮助某人摆脱困境”，为固定搭配。help outcant helphelp；with重点句式1.It was a time when the killer whales，or “killers” as they were then called，helped the whalers catch the baleen whales that were on their annual migration.那个时期，虎鲸(当时被称为“杀手”)帮助捕鲸人在每年须鲸迁徙时捕捉须鲸。句中有两个定语从句，分别是：when the killer whales，or “killers”.helped the whalers catch the baleen whales修饰a time和that were on their annual migration修饰the baleen whales。如：We are living in an age when many things are done on computer.我们生活在很多事情都可以用计算机完成的时代。即境活用单项填空Mr. Crossett will never forget the day_he spent with his various students.Awhen BwhichCduring which Don whichThe journey around the world took the old sailor nine months，_the sailing time was 226 days.Aof which Bduring whichCfrom which Dfor which答案：BA2This was the call that announced there was about to be a whale hunt.这是宣告捕鲸行动马上就要开始的声音。be about to do即将，将要。如：Another journey of challenge and danger was about to begin.又一段充满危险和挑战的旅程就要开始了。特别提醒be about to do表示马上就要发生的事情，一般不再与具体的时间状语连用。如：He is about to leave at 5 pm.()下午5点时他正要离开。be about to do经常与when连用，表示“正要做突然”。如：He was about to go out when the telephone rang.当电话响的时候他正要出去。即境活用完成句子He _(正准备离开)when he remembered an important thing.答案：was about to leave3The fish didnt seem to mind me swimming among them.这些鱼似乎并不介意我在它们中间游来游去。mind (me/my) swimming意为“介意某人做”。在下列词后面用doing作宾语：admit, advice, allow, appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, enjoy, escape, finish, give up, imagine, keep, mind, miss, permit, practise, resist, risk, suggest, understand等。如：He tried to avoid answering my questions.他试图避免回答我的问题。即境活用单项填空Would you mind _ me how to use the dictionary?Ato tellBto have toldCtelling Dbeing toldHe likes hearing his own voice. He never stops _.Atelling BtalkingCto tell Dto talkI really cant understand _ her like that.Ayou treat Byou to treatCwhy treat Dyou treating答案：CBD4It seemed there was a surprise waiting for me around every corner as I explored small caves，shelves and narrow passagesthe yellow and green parrotfish hanging upside down，gathering tiny plants off the coral with its hard birdlike mouth；a yellowspotted red seaslug sliding by a blue seastar；.当我在小石洞、岩石和窄通道之间探索时，似乎每个角落都有令我惊奇的东西等待着我黄绿相间的鹦嘴鱼倒挂着，用鸟儿一样的硬嘴去收集珊瑚上的植物；一条带着黄斑点的红色海蛞蝓从一个蓝色的海星旁边滑落下去；(1)the yellow and green parrotfish hanging upside down，gathering tiny plants off the coral with its hard birdlike mouth；a yellowspotted red seaslug sliding by a blue seastar；.这几个句子中都用了独立主格结构，充当伴随状语。独立主格结构的形式有：名词/代词如：The game over，lets go home.比赛完了，我们回家吧。(2)upside down表示“倒悬”的意思。如：Youd better turn the bottle upside down to empty out the oil.你最好把瓶子倒过来，把瓶里的油倒干净。即境活用单项填空_，the concert began.AThe listeners having taken their seatsBHaving taken their seatsCHave taken their placesDThe listeners to have taken their places_，I went out for a walk.AThere was nothing to doBThere being nothing to doCThere had nothing to doDThere were nothing to doThe thief fell to the ground，his left foot_and blood_down from his mouth.Abreaking；runningBbroken；runningCbreaking；runDbroken；run_five minutes_before the last train left，we arrived at the station.AThere were；to go BIt was；leftCIt had；left DWith；to goSignal_，the game started.Agive Bis givenChaving given DgivenTime_，we will visit the Summer Palace.Apermits BpermittedCpermitting Dto permitClass_over，all the students rushed out of the classroom.A/ BisCwas Dhaving been答案：ABBDDCA5On the afternoon I arrived at the station，as I was sorting out my accommodation，I heard a huge noise coming from the bay.在我到达捕鲸场的那个下午，正当我准备膳宿时，我听到一声巨响从海湾传来。as引导时间状语从句。as强调主从句中谓语动词所表示的动作同时或相伴发生。如：As the day went on，the weather got worse.日子一天天过去，天气越变越坏。易混辨析as，when和while从句表示“随时间推移”连词能用as，不用when或while。when可表示瞬间、时间段，主从句动作同时发生，也可以先后发生。当从句的动作发生于主句动作之前，只能用when引导这个从句，不可用as或while。as，when引导短暂性动作的动词。while用于同时进行的两个延续性动作相伴发生，多和延续性动词或进行时态连用，常对同类动作进行对比。When you have finished your work，you may have a rest.当你完成你的工作后，你可以休息一会儿。Just as/Just when/When I stopped my car，a man came up to me.我正要停车，一个男人朝我走来。即境活用单项填空I was just about_road_a ship came to us.Atravelling on；whileBto travel on；whileCtraveling by；whenDto travel by；when答案：D6A few minutes later，there was no Tom，so George started beating the water with his oar and there was Tom，circling back to the boat，leading us to the hunt again.几分钟以后，汤姆不见了，乔治开始用浆击打水面，汤姆又出现了，围着小船转圈，又带着我们捕猎了。circling back to the boat；leading us to the hunt again是现在分词短语作伴随状语。现在分词和逻辑主语存在逻辑上的主谓关系。易混辨析现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别现在分词做状语与过去分词做状语的最主要区别在于两者在与所修饰的主语的主动与被动关系的区别。现在分词作状语时，现在分词的动作就是句子的主语的动作，它们之间的关系是主动关系。过去分词作状语时，过去分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作，它们之间的关系是被动关系。He went out shutting the door behind him.他出去后将门随手关上。Not knowing what to do，he went to his parents for help.由于不知如何办才好，他去找父母帮忙。Given more attention，the trees could have grown better.如果对这些树多关心一些，它们本来会长得更好。Faced with difficulties，we must try to overcome them.在遇到困难的时候，我们必须设法克服。即境活用单项填空_in the queue for half an hour，the old man suddenly realized he had left the cheque in the car.AWaiting BTo waitCHaving waited DTo have waited答案：C根据the old man与wait之间的关系，应该选择ing形式，再根据句意得知他是先“wait”后才“realize”。所以先发生的动作应该用完成式。7As we drew closer, I could see a whale being attacked by a pack of about six other killers.走近一看，原来是一头大鲸受到大约六、七条虎鲸的攻击。being attacked by a pack of about six other killers在句中作宾语补足语，与宾语a whale存在逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用现在分词的被动结构。I saw Jack being taken away by the police.我看见杰克正在被警察带走。I had already heard that George didnt like being kept waiting.我早已听说乔治不喜欢等待。用法拓展(1)在keep, find, notice, have, feel, hear, see, leave.等动词后常用ving形式作宾语补足语。(2)在感官动词：see, hear, look at, notice, observe, feel, find.等及使役动词：have, make, leave, keep, get.等后既可以用不定式也可以用ving形式作宾语补足语。不定式(不带to)表示过程或动作完成，ving形式强调进行或当时情景。The boss kept the workers working the whole night.那个老板让工人整夜地工作。We found the old lady lying in bed.我们发现那老太太躺在床上。I saw the lady crossing the street.我看见那位妇人在过马路。We heard her sing two songs. 我们听她唱了两首歌。8It took over half an hour to get the boat back to James.用了半个多小时的时间才把船划回詹姆斯身边。这是一个It takes (sb.)some time/sth. to do sth.的固定句式，take意为“花费、需要”，take前也可用具体名词作主语。It takes him three hours to do his homework everyday.他每天要用三个小时的时间做作业。It took her all afternoon to finish it.她用了整个下午才完成这项工作。It will take the students two hours to finish their homework.学生做完作业要用2个小时。用法拓展常用句型：(1)It takes/took/will take sb. some time to do sth.做某事花
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