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111Under the sea一、单元要点【主要词汇与短语】anecdote annual witnessaccommodation shoreyellpackflee drag depth lip tongueabandonrelationshiprent seaside net dimension reflect pure magicbeautycell aware vividpoisonous cave narrowsharptasty scare shallowentryAntarcticawesomeseal pension pensionerahead ofin the meantimehelp outbe/become aware of upside downbe scared to death 【交际用语】Blame and complaint (责备与抱怨) Im sorry but . Im not feeling (happy about/satisfied with . etc) Id like talk to the manager. Thats no good for me. Im afraid . Im feeling (annoyed with/unhappy about/unsatisfied with . etc) Id like a refund please. Id like a full refund. Thats not good enough.【语法】Revise the passive -ing form (复习-ing形式的被动式)George didnt like being kept waiting.I could see a whale being attacked by a pack of about six other killers.Being badly wounded, the whale soon died.I could see he was terrified of being abandoned by us.二、难点解析1. On the afternoon I arrived at the station, as I was sorting out my accommodation, I heard a huge noise coming from the bay. 一天下午我来到工作站，正在整理床铺的时候，听到从海湾那边传来一阵喧闹声。1) on表示“在具体某一天或某天的上、下午”。泛指上、下午、晚上、夜间时用in the morning/afternoon/evening, at night；但若指具体某一天的上述时段时，则一律用on。如：on Monday在星期一 on May 1st在五月一日There will be a wedding on the morning of May 3. 在五月三日上午会举行一场婚礼。I heard a shot on the morning of March 18.三月十八日早晨我听到一声枪响。On my arrival home，I found he had gone already当我到家时，我发现他已经走了。 当early，late用于句首修饰介词短语时，尽管表示具体某一天的上午、下午、晚上，都要用in。 Early in the morning of Teachers Day, I sent flowers to my teacher. 教师节一清早，我便送给我的老师一些鲜花。 当 morning，afternoon，evening有前位定语或后置定语限定时，就不用in而用on。 on a cold (winter) noon 在一个寒冷（冬天）的中午 on Monday morning 在星期一上午 on the morning of March 3rd 在3月3日上午 2）sort 有动词和名词两种词性，在本句中用作动词，意思是：“把分类；挑选，区分；整理”。sort常与out, over连用。 They sort apples by grade. 他们把苹果按等级分类。The girl sorted out the foreign stamps from the Chinese ones. 女孩把外国邮票和中国邮票分开。Sort out these papers and fasten them together with a clip, please. 请把这些文件整理一下，用夹子夹在一起。 作为名词的意思是：“种类，类型；性质，性格” What sort of music do you like? 你喜欢哪种音乐？Hes not a bad sort really. 他其实并不坏。Shes a happy-go-lucky sort. 她是个乐天派。 sort, kind, type表示“种类”sort比kind更口语化，它偶尔也指客观存在的“种类”，但更多地带有主观判断的色彩。此外，它还常常用来表示轻蔑、贬义的判断。如：Shes not such a bad sort when you get to know her. 当你慢慢了解了她的时候，（你会发现）她并不是那样一种坏人。在sort of后接名词的规则，以及含“sort of + 名词”结构的主语，与谓语动词在人称和数上取得一致的规则，与kind of相同。如：There are many different sorts of chocolate. 有多种不同的巧克力。kind一般指客观存在着的具有相同特性的一个“种类”。在非正式用语中，它也可以表示人们按其主观判断来归类、编组的一个无严格范畴概念的种类。如：They are different in size but in kind. 它们大小不同，然而类属却是一样的。在kind of后通常接单数名词，但在非正式用语中也可以用复数式。如果主语中含“kind of+名词”结构，那么与之搭配的谓语动词的形式取决于kind的单复数形式。如：That kind of apple(s) is highly priced. 那种苹果的售价很高。type是与其他事物截然不同的共同性质所构成的类型。如：ones type of blood 某人的血型3）accommodation 意思是“住处，住所”。在英式英语中是不可数名词不用复数，但是在美式英语中却可以用作复数。2. Another whaler yelled out, “Rush-oorush-oo”. This was the call that announced there was about to be a whale hunt. 另外一个捕鲸人大声叫着，“快走啊快点走”，这是宣告猎鲸行动马上就要开始的声音。1) yell叫喊，大声叫We yelled together for our team. 我们一起为我们的队大喊加油。We yelled our good-byes as the bus left. 汽车离开时我们大喊再见。 He yelled at her to be careful. 他大叫让她当心。2）that引导的定语从句来修饰先行词call的。be about to do sth. 表示即将，马上要发生的事情。3. As we drew closer, I could see a whale being attacked by a pack of about six other killers. 当我们靠近的时候，我看到原来是一头鲸受到大约五六只虎鲸的攻击。1）draw在本句中表示“向(某处)移动, 靠近, 走近；(时间等)接近”，常与to, towards搭配 They drew towards that village. 他们向那个村庄走去。The car drew near. 汽车驶近了。Winter is drawing near. 冬天快来了。 划；画；描绘I drew (a picture of) my cat. 我给我的猫画了一张画儿。He draws badly. 他画得不好。 吸引 A parade draws a large crowd. 游行队伍吸引了许多的观众。The street accident drew a big crowd. 马路上的事故吸引了一大群人。 打成平局；打个平手The teams draw. 两队不分胜负。The game was drawn. 比赛打成了平局。draw还可以用作名词 抽签；抽奖 When does the draw take place? 何时开始抽奖？ 平局；不分胜负 The game ended in a draw. 比赛不分胜负 2）pack在本句中用作名词，表示“一群，一帮” The killers started racing between our boat and the whale just like a pack of excited dogs. 这些虎鲸在我们的渔船和那头鲸之间开始追逐，就像一群发狂的猎狗一样。 小包，包裹The soldier carried a pack on his back. 这个军人背上背着一个小包。The climber carried some food in a pack on his back. 爬山的人把干粮打成包背在背上。还具有动词词性 包装；包扎；把包起来 They packed their bags and left. 他们把行李打好了包就动身了。 The goods are packed in canvas. 此货用帆布包装。 挤入；挤满；填塞；装罐The bus was packed with people. 公共汽车挤满了人。 Every bus arrives and leaves packed as fully as a sardine tin. 每辆开来和开走的公共汽车都塞得像沙丁鱼罐头一样拥挤。 4. “And those others are stopping it fleeing out to sea,” George told me, pointing towards the hunt. “而其他那些虎鲸在阻止它逃跑。”乔治一边指着捕猎的情景，一边告诉我。1）stop sb. / sth. (from) doing sth. 这个短语意思是防止某人/某物做某事They stopped me going out of the door. 他们阻止我出门。The mother tried to stop her young daughter going out on dates. 母亲试图阻止小女儿外出约会。2）flee 注意它的动词过去式和过去分词都是不规则变化fled。逃跑；从逃跑He was to flee his native village to join the rebel army. 他被迫逃离家乡参加了叛军。The enemy fled in disorder. 敌人溃逃了。 Citizens were forced to flee the besieged city. 居民被迫逃离这座被围困的城市。 The cat fled from the dog. 猫从狗那里逃走了。 飞逝；消失，消散Color fled from her cheeks. 红晕从她的双颊上消失了。of time fleeing beneath him时光从他身边飞速而过 fleer n. 逃走者 5. From Jamess face, I could see he was terrified of being abandoned by us.从詹姆斯的脸上我看出他非常恐慌，生怕被我们遗弃。abandon 有动词和名词两种词性，在本句用作动词，表示： 抛弃；舍弃；离弃(=desert)They wont abandon their home. 他们不会离弃家园。He abandoned his wife and went away with all their money. 他抛弃了妻子还带走了两人所有的钱。He abandoned his wife and child. 他遗弃了他的妻子和孩子。 放弃；停止做（某事）She abandoned her stupid idea.她放弃自己愚蠢的想法。 They abandoned the game because of rain. 因为下雨比赛停止了。 放纵；放任，常用于词组abandon oneself to表示“沉湎于，陷入”，注意，这里的to是介词。 They abandon themselves to drinking. 他们沉湎于饮酒。 He abandoned himself to despair. 他自暴自弃。 Do not abandon yourself to sorrow. 不要沉浸在悲痛中。 用作名词表示：“放肆；放纵” They shouted in gay abandon. 他们放肆地大声喊叫。 The girls jumped up and down and waved their arms with abandon. 那些女孩子跳上跳下尽情地挥舞着手臂。 6. Im sitting in the warm night air with a cold drink in my hand and reflecting on the day a day of pure magic! 我坐在温暖的夜空下，手里拿着一瓶冷饮，回忆着当天的事情。1）with a cold drink in my hand 是复合结构with+名词+介词短语，作伴随状语。with复合结构在句中作状语，表示时间、条件、原因时一般放在句子前面，并用逗号与句子分开；表示方式和伴随状况时一般放在句子后面，不用逗号分开。若with结构作定语，则放在所修饰的名词之后，一般不用逗号隔开。2）and reflecting 相当于and (Im) reflecting。3）reflect 是一个动词，意思是“反射, 反映, 表现” Her work reflects intelligence. 她的工作显示出她的智慧 The childs bad behaviour reflects on his home training. 这孩子的坏行为归咎于家教不严。A mirror reflects a picture of you when you look in it. 当你照镜子时，镜子映出你的形象。 表达；反映，常与that, how连用 Does this letter reflect how you really think? 这封信是否表达了你真实的想法？ Many newspapers reflect the opinions of the children. 许多报纸都反映了儿童们的看法。The results reflected the greatest credit upon him. 这些成绩给他带来最大的荣誉。 仔细考虑、沉思，常与on, upon连用He reflected before answering my question. 他在回答我的问题之前仔细考虑了一下。 常见词组 reflect on， 意思是“证明；反省，思索，形成或表达深思熟虑后的想法”She never reflects on her countrys place in history. 她从没有思考她的国家在历史上的地位。 reflectible adj. 可反射的, 可映出的 7. The first thing I became aware of was all the vivid colours surrounding me purples, reds, oranges, yellows, blues and greens. 我首先注意到的就是那些鲜艳的颜色紫色、红色、桔黄色、黄色、蓝色和绿色等。1） I became aware of 作定语从句修饰先行词the first thing，surrounding me 作定语修饰all the vivid colours。2）aware adj. 意识到的或认识到的；知道的；明白的。用作表语。I was not aware of the fire. 我没有意识到火。 We were quite aware (of) how you would respond to our terms. 我们十分清楚你们对我们提出的条件会有什么反应。 He doesnt seem to be aware of the coldness of their attitude towards his appeal. 他好像没有意识到大家对他的呼吁态度冷淡。 常用于词组be /become aware of，意思是“知道，发觉，意识到” 8. Witness these awesome creatures in their natural environment as they leap out of the water and as they feed in our waters. 1)此处witness用作动词，意思是“亲眼看到，目击，目睹；表明” He witnessed the accident. 他亲眼目睹那场意外事故。 Her blush witnessed her agitation. 她脸红表示了她的激动。 We witnessed tremendous changes in the city. 我们目击了这个城市的巨大变化。（我们是这个城市巨大变化的见证人。） 可用作名词，与of连用，意思是“目击者，证明” There is a witness of the accident. 有一个事件的见证人。These facts are a witness to his carelessness. 这些事实证明了他的粗心。 She gave witness on behalf of the accused person. 她替被告作证。 常用词组 bear witness to 为.作证, 证明 in witness of 作为.的证明, 为.作证 witness-box n. 证人席（英式英语）= witness stand （美式英语）witnessable adj. 可看得到的 2）awesome 形容词，表示“令人恐惧的，表示敬畏的”We stood in awesome silence before the ancient ruins.我们在古代遗迹前充满敬畏地默立。 awe名词，表示：恐惧，敬畏，由权力、才华、美貌、卓越或能力而引起的包含尊敬、敬重、恐惧和惊异的复杂情绪We felt awe when contemplating the works of Bach.当注视巴赫的作品时，我们肃然起敬。 The imprisoned soldiers were in awe of their captors.这些被关押的士兵对俘虏他们的人非常惧怕。 awe还可用作及物动词，意思是“因恐惧而引起，使敬畏”No difficulty could awe these young men. 任何困难都吓不倒这些年轻人。 三. 词语辨析1. abandon，desert和quit都含有“放弃、遗弃”的意思。 abandon 强调“完全、永远地遗弃”, 是失去控制，或丧失了占有的能力，尤其是指遗弃以前感兴趣或负有责任的人或物而不准备再要了 She abandoned her child. 她遗弃了她的孩子。 desert 强调“违背誓言、命令、责任、义务等”, 如: The soldier deserted his country and helped the enemy. 那个士兵叛国助敌。 As he hated army life, he decide to desert his regiment. 因为他嫌恶军队生活，所以他决心背弃自己所在的那个团。quit 强调“突然地弃去”, 常指“停止”, 如: She quitted her job. 她放弃了自己的工作。 2. occur，happen和take place都有“发生”的意思，且它们都是不及物动词，不能用在被动语态中。其中，happen主要强调动作的偶然性；take place表示动作是有计划的发生；occur是最正式用语，可以表示动作是偶然发生的，也可以是有计划的。试比较： What were you doing when the fire happened? 发生火灾的时候你在干什么？ Great changes have taken place in the last ten years. 在过去的十年里发生了巨大的变化。 The meeting occurred a few weeks after he had arrived. 他来后几个星期开了一次会议。 occur还可以用在句型It occurs to sb. that中，意思是“某人突然有了一个想法”。 It occurred to me that I should call the police. 我突然想到应该报警。3. think和reflect都含“思考”的意思。think是常用词, 指“需要一定的时间进行思考以形成某种想法或念头, 它可能只表示已了解或明白这一行为本身, 也可能只表示一种推断”，所形成的概念未必清晰，所得出的结论未必正确You should think before doing that. 你做那事之前应考虑一下。You can think about it and let me know your decision later. 你可以把这事考虑一下，以后再把你的决定告诉我。reflect指“很冷静、认真、反复地思考”，被思考的事物是过去发生过的，或者是现在存在的如:You must reflect on what answer to give. 你必须仔细考虑怎么答复。Take your time to reflect before doing important things. 在做重大的事情之前要从容不迫地思考一下。4. aware，conscious，sensible都含有“意识到的”意思。 aware 侧重“感官所意识到的外界事物”, 意指通过自己直觉，或根据别人的态度或者依靠某种信息方式而得到的认识 Are you aware of your opponents hostility? 你意识到了对手的敌意吗？ I am aware that Congress has passed the legislation. 我知道议会已经通过了立法。Everybody is aware of the importance of the Four Modernizations. 每个人都意识到了四化的重要性。 conscious 侧重“心理感知”, 强调某种感知到或感觉到的认识 He is conscious of a sense of quilt. 他感到内疚。 sensible 指“可用感官察觉到的(较复杂或抽象的事物的)”, 指通过感性知觉或通过直觉得到的认识 I was sensible of her solemn grief. 我知道她很悲哀。 I am sensible that the mention of such a circumstance may appear trifling. 我觉得对这种细节的谈论是无聊的。 5. jump，leap 均有“跳跃”的意思jump是普通用语，主要指从地面或其他立脚点向上或往另一处跳，或者由高处往下跳。它也可以指由于兴奋、惊讶等引起的主要属于心绪方面的“猛然一跳”、“剧跳”；它还可以借喻，表示价格、产量、数字等“突升”、“暴涨”、“激增”。如：Hen jumped up to catch the ball他跳起来接球。The horse jumped (over) the small stream马跳过了那条小溪。He jumped off a moving car他从行进中的车上跳下来。leap像jump一样，也可以表示向任何方向“跳跃”，因此，两词有时可互换使用。但相比之下，leap指比jump更有力的跳动，往往含有向前急冲，超过一段距离或障碍的意思。另外，leap多用于诗文或书面用语中。如：The hare leapt (over) a fence and was soon out of sight。兔子跳过栅栏，很快就无影无踪了。四. 练习检测. 单项选择1. Could you tell me _ of the river? Its about thirteen meters. A. how longB. how deepC. the lengthD. the depth2.Youd better _ your room _ before leaving.A. get, cleaning B. get, cleaned C. to get, to be cleaned D. got, cleaned3. They have made up their _ up fighting. A. mind to giveB. mind giving C. minds going D. minds to give4. _,she ran out of the room.A. Having tears in her eyes and turned suddenlyB. Turning suddenly, with tears in her eyesC. With a sudden turn, and tears were in her eyesD. With tears were in her eyes and turning suddenly5. On the _ lay many people wearing swimming suits and sun glasses. A. shoreB. coastC. beachD. bank6.All the people present were required to _ it a secret _ the outside.A. prevent, against B. make, off C. prevent, from D. keep, from7. Can you do a bit for the plan? Sorry, Ive no time _ and I cant _ the cost of it.A. spare; share B. to spare; share C. share; spare D. to share; spare8.It is difficult to _ a conversation with someone who only says “Yes”and “No”.A. carry out B. give away C. go onD. keep up9. _ ？ I enjoyed it very much.A. Whats the novel about B. Whats the novel likeC. How much did you like our school D. How did you like the novel10. He acted _ nothing _.A. as if; had happened B. as though; has happenedC. as if; were happened D. as though; happens11. How long can you _ your breath underwater? A. take B. lose C. hold D. keep12. Jeff ran for a doctor; _ we stayed with the patient.A. so as to B. becauseC. meanwhile D. in spite of13. A thing that _ me was the huge numbers of bicycles on the streets. A. happened B. occurred C. struck D. hit to14. Could you look after my dog during _?A. my absence B. my absent C. Im absent D. Im away15. The reason why I burst into tears is _ I dont want to part with my mother.A. that B. which C. where D. because.完形填空After scientists had discovered how to send messages along electrified wires and, later, without 1 ,they began to wonder 2 they could send pictures in similar 3 .This involved changing the light and shade of a 4 (or image) into electric currents, 5 them, receivingthem and changing them back into a picture .It is a 6 and complicated process(复杂过程). Many pioneer scientists took part in the 7 experiments in television, but John Bairds 8 is the most famous. 9 the pioneers had discovered how to send and 10 pictures orimages, their next 11 was that the 12 short wave-lengths which are used in television 13 only effective for short 14 .The first television aerial(天线) 15 at Alexanda Palace, 16 a hillin North London, near the homes of several millions of people. The B.B.C 17 sending out television programmes in 1936,but 18 only since 1945 that they 19 large audiences. During the Second World War a great deal was 20 about a different kind of waves,called radar, and this knowledge has been used to improve television as a form of entertainment. 1.A.electricity B. wiresC. messages D. people2.A.why B. how C. if D. when3.A.waysB. means C. televisions D. wires4.A.paper B. filmC. picture D. person5.A.to send B. in sendingC. sentD. sending6.A. easy B. wonderful C. longD. short7.A.early B. difficult C. importantD. historic8.A.invention B. televisionC. work D. name9.A.Since B. When C. By the time D. By then10. A.receive B. showC. change D. produce11. A.workB. stepC. difficulty D. idea12. A.littleB. exact C. rightD. very13. A.isB. areC. wasD. were14. A.timeB. distances C. milesD. wires15. A.was set up B. was known C. was standing D. was decided16. A.along B. insideC. onD. in17. A.advised B. began C. decidedD. stopped18. A.it was B. they are C. it isD. they were19. A.have B. had C. had had D. have had20. A.made B. doneC. told D. learned. 阅读理解AIt was the first photograph that I had ever seen, and it interested me. I can remember holding it at every angle(角度) in order to catch the flickering light from the oil lamp on the dresser. The man in the photograph was unsmiling, but his eyes were kind. I had never met him, but I felt that I knew him. One evening when I was looking at the photograph, as I always did before I went to sleep, I noticed a shadow across the mans thin face. I moved the photograph so that the shadow lay perfectly around his cheeks. How different he looked!That night I could not sleep, thinking about the letter that I would write. First, I would tell him that I was eleven years old, and that if he had a little girl my age, she could write to me instead of him. I knew that he was a very busy man. Then I would explain to him the real purpose of my letter. I would tell him how wonderful he looked with the shadow that I had seen across his photograph, and I would most carefully suggest that he grow whiskers(连鬓胡子). Four months later when I met him at the train station near my home in Westfield, New York, he was wearing a full beard. He was so much taller than I had imagined from my tiny photograph.Ladies and gentlemen, he said, I have no speech to make and no time to make it in. I appear before you that I may see you and that you may see me. Then he picked me right up and kissed me on both cheeks. Do you think I look better, my little friend, he asked me.My name is Grace Bedell, and the man in the photograph was Abraham Lincoln.1What is the authors main purpose in the passage?A. To explain how Grace Bedell took a photograph of Abraham Lincoln.B. To explain why Abraham Lincoln wore a beard.C. To explain why the first photographs were important in American life.D. To explain why Westfield is an important city. from the outside2The word flickering in line 2 is closest in meaning to _.A. burning continuously B. burning brightlyC. burning unsteadily D. burning fiercely 3Why did the little girl write the man a letter?A. She was lonely.B. She wanted his daughter to write to herC. She wanted him to grow a beardD. She wanted him to visit her4From this passage, it may be inferred that _.A.there were many people waiting for Lincoln to arrive on the trainB.Grace Bedell was the only one at the train station when Lincoln stopped at WestfieldC.Lincoln made a long speech at the station in WestfieldD.Lincoln was astonished to see the little girlBA very rapid increase in the number of ships sailing between American and European ports began almost immediately after the end of the War of 1812 in order to meet the new need for the regular rapid transportation of mail, light cargo(货物), and passengers. It was the increase in emigration (移民) to America that for the first time made the carrying of passengers across the Atlantic more profitable(可赚钱的) than the transportation of heavy cargo. A new type of sailing ship, the packet (邮船), appeared to meet this new demand, and the demand very soon resulted in strong competition among several packet lines. The earliest of these was the Black Ball Line set up in New
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