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1112012届高考英语顶尖学案：外研版Module 3My First Ride on a Train我的第一次火车旅行核心词汇1We are going on a_(旅程)to a strange country next month.2On this a_ island grow many kinds of beautiful flowers but nobody enjoys them.3We were f_ at the sight of that strange man.4How do you like the opening c_ of the 29th Olympic Games?5Its necessary to be prepared for a job _(面试)Having the answers ready will be of great help.6She is said to be an _ (专家)in economics.7A daughters marriage is quite an _(大事)for a father.8I bought a model of the Eiffel Tower as a _ (纪念品)of Paris.9After this long and_journey, we returned home, _ and sleepy.(exhaust)10The airport is about ten miles _ from the city.We can cover the _ in ten minutes by car.(distance)1.journey2.abandoned3.frightened4.ceremony5.interview6.expert7.event8.souvenir9.exhausting；exhausted10.distant；distance高频短语1_上(车、船等)2_ 下(车、船等)3_ 上(车)4_ 下(车)5_ (飞机)起飞6_ 指的是7_ 通过一项法律8_ 是的缩写/简体9_ 不再10_ 过时1.get on2.get off3.get into4.get out of5.take off6.refer to7.pass a law8.be short for9.not.any more10.out of date重点句式1And_！一次多么奇妙的乘车经历！2We ate great meals_.我们吃的美味饭菜是由烹饪大师们做的。3We saw_ farms _.我们看到被遗弃了的100多年前建造的农庄。4They_horses，but the horses didnt like the hot weather and sand.他们试着骑马，但那些马不喜欢炎热的天气和沙漠。5In 1925，they_ .1925年通过一条法令，规定如果这些动物成为问题，就允许人们杀死它们。6Would you mind ticket？ ticket？请出示你的票好吗？7_over 400 kilometres per hour，the train can complete the 30kilometre journey in eight minutes.火车以每小时400多公里的时速前进，在8分钟内就完成了30公里的路程。1.what a ride2.cooked by experts3.abandoned；which were built more than a hundred years ago4.tried riding5.passed a law which allowed people to shoot the animals if they were a problem6.showing；saw7.Travelling at a speed of知识详解 distance n距离；远处；远方(回归课本P23)Recently I had my first ride on a longdistance train.最近我第一次搭乘长途火车。【归纳总结】【例句探源】From a distance we could see her smiling and waving her hand.从远处我们可以看到她微笑着挥手。Mount Everest could be seen in the distance. 远远地可以看到珠穆朗玛峰。Her father advised her to keep her distance from that fellow.她父亲劝她疏远那家伙。Place the rod at a distance of 40mm from the light source.把棒放在离光源40毫米的地方。Ann likes to keep people at a distance.安喜欢与人保持一段距离。1.What is the_from the station to your house?The station is 3 miles_my house.Adistance；distanceBdistance；distantCdistant；distance Ddistance；distant from解析：选D。表示“多远的距离”放在数词之后时，常用 distant from.；第一个空放在冠词之后，故用名词。【即境活用】2完成句子The girl stood there，watching until the train disappeared _.那姑娘站在那儿看着，直到火车在远处消失。答案：in the distance scenery n风景；景色(回归课本P23)For the first few hundred kilometres of the journey, the scenery was very colourful.前几百公里旅程，景色美不胜收。【例句探源】Guilin is famous for its beautiful scenery .桂林以风景优美而闻名。The scenery in the mountains is very beautiful.山里的景色非常优美。scenery, scene, view, sight(1)scenery 是不可数名词，是自然景色的总称，常用来描述静态的美丽的乡村景色。(2)scene 指展现在眼前的情景，大多包括景物中的人及活动在内。(3)view 是可数名词，意为“风景，景色”，表示从某处可看到的scenery的一部分，侧重指能够看到的部分，即所见之景。常构成get/have/offer a view of.或there is a view of.搭配。此外，view 还可表示“观点，看法；视野”等。(4)sight 表示某一地区值得观看的建筑物、胜地，特色等，常用作复数。【易混辨析】The music reminded me of the happy scene in my childhood.At the top of the mountain，I stopped to take in the beautiful view.Lets take this way back home. We can enjoy the beautiful scenery.I was so busy that I had no time to see the sights of London.【即境活用】3One of the advantages of living on the top floor is that you can have a good _ of the city.AsightBsceneryCview Dlook解析：选C。sight 指眼前的景观；scenery 着重指一个国家或地区所有的自然或天然景色；view“风景，景色”，通常指从某个特定的位置所看到的景物，have a good view of.“看清”。 abandoned adj.被遗弃的；放纵的(回归课本P23)We saw abandoned farms which were built more than a hundred years ago.我们看到一些一百多年前建造的现已废弃的农场。【归纳总结】abandon v.离弃，放弃，抛弃，中止abandon oneself to 沉溺于，陷入with abandon 放任；纵情abandon doing sth.放弃做某事Theyre going to dive into the sea to see the abandoned sunken ship.他们打算潜入海洋去看那只被遗弃的沉船。He abandoned his wife and went away with all their money.他抛弃了妻子，带走了家中所有的钱。We had to abandon the car and walk the rest of the way.我们只好弃车，步行赶剩下的路。She abandoned herself to despair.她陷入绝望之中。【例句探源】4.The broken bike was found_by the riverside.AabandoningBabandonedCto be abandoned Dbeing abandoned解析：选B。此处用形容词abandoned作宾语补足语。5完成句子You should not_.你不应该过于贪图吃喝。答案： abandon yourself to eating and drinking【即境活用】 supply vt.供应；提供；补充；满足nU供给，供应量；(复)供应品；生活用品(回归课本P23)For many years，trained camels carried food and other supplies，and returned with wool and other products.许多年以来，经过训练的骆驼运走食品和其他供给物，带回羊毛和其他产品。(1)supply sb.with sth.supply sth.to sb.给某人提供某物supply a need/demand满足需要supply a loss弥补损失(2)a supply of .的供应量(be)in short supply短缺【归纳总结】The gas supply to the building failed.这栋楼的煤气供应中断了。Do you get an adequate supply of food?你们得到足够的食物供给了吗？【例句探源】supply，offer，provide三者都表示“提供”的意思，其用法如下：supply sb.with sth.supply sth.to/for sb. provide sb.with sth.provide sth.for sb.offer sb.sth.offer sth.to sb.另外，offer还可用于句式：offer sth./to do sth.The government supplies/provides them with food and water.The government provides food and water for them.The government offers them food and water.【易混辨析】6All the rooms are_with electric lights.Asupplied BgivenCoffered Dburnt解析：选A。此处是supply sb.with sth.的被动形式。7.完成句子The water plant _.水厂为城市提供优质水。答案：supplies/provides the city with fine water【即境活用】 allow vt.允许，许可；留出；容许(回归课本P23)In 1925，they passed a law which allowed people to shoot the animals if they were a problem.1925年，他们通过了一条法令，规定如果这些动物成为问题，就允许人们杀死它们。【归纳总结】Smoking is not allowed here.此处禁止吸烟。Are we allowed to play catch here?我们可以在这里练习投接球吗？Your plan allows only five minutes for transferring.Can we manage?你的计划允许我们只有5分钟时间换车。我们来得及吗？We should allow for every possible delay.我们必须考虑到任何可能的延误。【例句探源】8Energy drinks are not allowed_in Australia but brought in from New Zealand.Ato make Bto be madeCto have been made Dto be making解析：选B。句意：能量饮料在澳大利亚不允许生产但可以从新西兰引进。第一考查be allowed to do 结构；第二考查drinks与make 之间是被动关系。 be allowed to be made 允许被制作。【即境活用】9.The children are not_until the bell rings，whatever the weather.Aallowed for Ballowed ofCallowed to Dallowed in解析：选D。句意：不论天气如何，铃响后孩子们才被允许进入。be allowed in 被允许进入。 get on上(车、船等)；进展，进行，相处；继续进行下去(回归课本P23)We got on in Sydney and we got off in Alice Springs.我们在悉尼上的车，在艾丽斯斯普林斯下的车get on/along with进展；与相处get across使(想法、信息等)被理解get around(消息等)传播；四处走动(旅行)get down to开始认真(做某事)(to为介词)get into穿上；陷入；学会get off下(车、船等)；动身，出发get through通过；完成；接通(电话)get away走开，脱身；逃离get out of逃避；摆脱；使说出【归纳总结】He was about to get on the bus when someone called him.他正要上车，这时有人喊住了他。The workers couldnt get on for lack of materials.由于缺乏材料，工人们无法进行下去。How are you getting on with your study/classmates?你学习怎么样？/你与你的同学相处得怎么样？You mustnt get off until the bus has stopped.直到车停稳你才能下车。【例句探源】10My parents often call my head teacher，asking how I_ at school.Aget overBget throughCget around Dget on解析：选D。句意：父母经常给我班主任打电话，问我在学校怎么样。11.用get构成的短语的适当形式填空(1)“Dont _ the bus before it has stopped.”the driver told the passengers.答案：get off(2)Dont _ this matter again, please.答案：get into【即境活用】(3)Im afraid I cant _ the meeting.答案：get away from(4)How long does it take you to _ a letter?答案：get through(5)_ the car，the driver checked to see whether there was something wrong with the tyres.答案：Getting out of refer to 提到，涉及；说起；参考，查阅；指的是(回归课本P26)Which of them can refer to past or present actions?它们中哪些可以指过去的动作或现在的动作？【归纳总结】(1)refer to.as.称为refer.to.把委托/交付给(2)reference n.参考，查阅；谈到，提及reference book参考书in/with reference to.关于I said I wouldnt do it ，but I wasnt referring to giving it up.我说我不愿意做，但我并不指我放弃了。(朗文P1712)If you dont know what book to get，refer to the list on page 3.如果你不知道要什么书，请查看第3页上的书单。(朗文P1650)Complete the exercise without referring to a dictionary.请在不查阅词典的情况下完成练习。【例句探源】refer to，look up两个词在汉语中都可译为“查阅词典”，但refer to 跟工具书作宾语，look up 跟要查的内容作宾语。He referred_to the dictionary in order to look_up the new word.【易混辨析】12The boy_ forward to_a new bike.Areferred to look ；buyingBreferred to looking；buyCreferred to is looking；buyingDreferring to looks；buy解析：选C。referred to 是过去分词短语作后置定语。look forward to doing 为固定短语“盼望着做某事”，故选C。【即境活用】13.完成句子The rule about not walking on the grass also _.不要踩踏草坪的规定也适用于老师。答案：refers to teachers句型梳理 【教材原句】 Would you mind请出示你的票好吗？【句法分析】Would you mind if sb. did sth.?如果某人做了某事你是否介意？Do you mind doing sth.?你介意做某事吗？Do you mind if sb.do sth.?你介意某人做某事吗？mind sb.doing sth.介意某人做某事Would you mind opening the window?你介意打开窗子吗？Would you mind if I smoked in the room? 我在房间吸烟你是否介意？Do you mind my/me sitting here？我坐在这儿你介意吗？【注意】回答“Do/Would you mind.？”问句时，一定要注意前后的一致性，常见的表示“不介意”的答语有：Certainly not；Not at all；Not a bit ；No，go ahead；表示介意的答语有：Im sorry，but I .；Yes, I do mind；Im sorry，but youd better not.14(2009年高考辽宁卷)Sorry，do you mind if I smoke here?Yes，_.Ayou couldBgo aheadCI do Dmy pleasure解析：选C。根据Yes 可知，说话人反对对方吸烟，所以应选C项。【即境活用】15.Do you mind if I record your lecture?_.Go ahead.ANever mind BNo wayCNot at all DNo.Youd better not解析：选C。句意：你介意我把你讲的东西录下来吗？一点都不介意，录吧！C项意为I dont mind at all一点都不介意；B项意为没门，决不；D项与go ahead矛盾，故排除；A项“别担心，没关系”，多用于安慰对方，用英文可解释为 tell sb.not to worry or be upset，不符合题意。 【教材原句】 The Afghans and their camels did this until the 1920s.(P23) 直到20世纪20年代，阿富汗人和他们的骆驼还在做着这样的工作。【句法分析】本句中的until the 1920s意为“直到20世纪20年代”。until作介词用时后接时间名词作宾语；作连词用时后接时间状语从句。都表示“直到为止”。使用这个词汇要注意以下两个方面：(1)until 引导的时间状语表示一个时间段，所以与之连用的主句谓语一定是延续性。He worked until deep into the night.他一直工作到深夜。(2)not.until.直到才He didnt come back until 12 oclock.他直到12点才回来。(3)not.until用在强调句与倒装句中。It was not until 12 oclock that he came back.(not须与until短语一起被强调)Not until 12 oclock did he come back.(not 须与until短语一起置于句首，且主句倒装)16(2010年高考江西卷)Not until he left his home_ to know how important the family was for him.Adid he beginBhad he begunChe began Dhe had begun解析：选A。考查倒装句。句意：只有当他离开家的时候，他才开始意识到这个家对于他来说是何等得重要。not until引导的句式放于句首，主句需用部分倒装。主从句动词基本同时发生，故用一般过去时。【即境活用】17.(2009年高考江西卷)It was_he came back from Africa that year _he met the girl he would like to marry.Awhen；thenBnot；untilCnot until；that Donly；when解析：选C。句意：直到那年从非洲回来他才遇到那个他想娶的女孩。本题考查“not.until.”的强调句式，即：It is/wasnot until.(时间状语)that其他成分。本句还可说成：He didnt meet the girl he would like to marry until he came back from Africa that year.Not until he came back from Africa that year did he meet the girl he would like to marry.。作文指导如何写好简单句优化句式是指在写作过程中要注意句式的变化，避免平铺直叙，罗列事实。真正优秀的文章应做到长短句搭配合理，主、被动准确运用，适当穿插倒装、强调、比较等特殊句式，并能够恰当使用连接成分以确保各句之间紧密衔接，从而使文章错落有致，如高山流水般顺畅。简单句指的是只包括一个主语和一个谓语的句子。英语中简单句的基本结构主要有以下5种：1主语不及物动词(SV)The door bell rang./She sat down.2主语系动词表语(SVP)The flowers are(smell)sweet./Mother isnt in at the moment.3主语及物动词宾语(SVO)Who can answer this question？/Columbus discovered America.4主语动词间接宾语直接宾语(SVOO)My uncle gave me a camera./Ill give you something to eat.5主语及物动词宾语补语(SVOC)She painted the walls light green./I smelt something burning.以上5种基本结构是英语句子的“主干”结构，所有的句子，不管多么复杂，都是主干结构的扩展和延伸。反过来说，不管你组建什么样的句子，你必须从“主干”开始构建，也就是必须严格遵循语法规则，这是英语作为一种“形合语言”的最基本要求。【佳句选粹】I now declare my decision.I，who_am_a_senior_of_the_English_department，now declare my decision that_I_will_run_for_the_chairman_of_the_Students_Union.【分析】第句的基本结构是“主语谓语宾语”。为了让读者了解更多的信息，第句在第句“主干”结构的基础上增加了一些“枝叶”成分。主语“I”后增加了一个who引导的非限制性定语从句，宾语“my decision”后增加了一个同位语从句，这样，该句就在原有的基础上扩充了“我是谁？”和“我的决定是什么？”两方面的信息。111
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