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111M8U2 The universal language- grammar学案省略第一部分：重点讲解省略是英语中的一种避免重复，突出关键词语，并使上下文紧密连接的语法手段。英语中，省略的原则是既不损害语法结构，同时又不能产生歧义。1 不使用替代词的省略(1) 省略主语I have done more than (what ) is required.(You) Open the window and the door for me, please.(2) 省略主谓语或主谓语的一部分Why (do) not (you) say goodbye to your lovely cousin ?(Are you ) Ready ?Try to answer these questions in your own words.(3) 省略宾语-Which of them is better ?-Well, it is hard to tell (which of them is better).(4) 省略表语-Are you hungry ?-Yes, I am (hungry).(5) 省略所有格后面的名词Jack and his sister stayed in his uncles(home) during the summer vacation.The girls handwriting is much better than his brothers (handwriting).(6) 省略定语从句中的关系代词关系代词that, which, whom在定语从句中作宾语时通常都可以省略。如：The book (that) he bought last week is written by Guo Jingming.Here is the wonderful book (which )I have read many times.The man (whom) you had said hello to was my English teacher.(7) 不定式中的省略a 英语中为避免重复，经常省略上下文已提到的动词原形，只保留不定式中的小品词to；这类动词有：expect, forget, hope, intend, mean, prefer, refuse, try, want, wish, would like和love等。如：She asked me to dance with her, but I didnt want to (dance with her).-Do you want to give us a lecture about how to use an English dictionary ?-No, I prefer not to (give a lecture about how to use an English dictionary)b 在have to, need, ought to, be going to, used to等后省略动词。如：I really didnt want to go there with him, but I had to (go there with him).c 在某些形容词等后省略后面的动词。如：-Will you join in our discussion ?-Ill be glad to (join in your discussion).d 如果不定式中带有be, have, have been等，通常保留be, have, have been。如：-Did he pass the driving test ?-No, but he ought to have (passed the driving test).2使用替代词的省略(1) 通常情况下，在省略了某个词、短语或句子时，还需要用某个替代词。常用的替代词有：do /does /did, so, not, neither, nor和the same等。用助动词do /does /did来替代上下文出现的动词，以免重复。如：She speaks English more fluently than her elder sister does.(2) 用so可替代单词、短语或句子，作believe, be afraid, expect, do, fear, hope, suppose, say, think 等的宾语。如：-Will it be fine tomorrow ?-I hope so. (I hope that it will be fine tomorrow.)3. 常见的省略结构(1)在虚拟条件句中，当助动词为were, had, should等时，连词if可省略，但were, had和should等需要倒装到主语的前面。如：Had I had time, I would have gone shopping with you.Were I you, I would go there and help him.Should the teacher have time next week, he would come to the party.(2)如果状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致，并且从句的谓语部分有be动词，则可以将从句的主语连同be动词一起省略。引导这类主语从句的连词有：when, while, though, if和unless等。如：The old woman was knocked down while (she was)crossing the street.The little girl began to cry when (she was) asked by the police.(3)有些状语从句中，如果从句的主语是it，其后的be动词及其主语可以一起省略。这种结构通常为if it is possible, when it is necessary等。:如：Please try to finish your homework by yourself if (it is) possible.Well have the old house pulled down when (it is) necessary.(4)在作状语的独立主格结构中，分词短语往往可以部分被省略。如：The work (having been)done, the secretary left the office and went home.The weather (being)fine, we decided to go on a picnic on the beach. (5)由and连接的that引导的两个从句，第二个that不能省略。如： The teacher told me (that) I had passed the driving test and that I could have a rest the next day.第二部分：练习I. 将下列句子改写为省略句1. You come this way, please.2. I beg your pardon.3. She works harder at English than I work.4. Is there anybody you want to see?5. Why dont you go picnicking with us in the mountain?6. You may go with us if you want to go.7. Mary likes reading better than she likes going to parties.8. What a pity it is you cant come with us !9. I will go to the party unless I am invited.10. Unless it is necessary, youd better not refer to the dictionary.11. Get up early tomorrow. If you dont get up early, you will miss the first bus.12. -I didnt go to see our former teacher while I was in Shanghai. -But I think you should have gone to see him.II. 看看省略了什么，写出完整的句子。1. Beg your pardon .2. Sounds like a wonderful idea.3. No wonder he can play computer so well.4. This way, please.5. Any more questions ?6. Sorry to have kept you waiting for so long a time.7. Going to Science Museum with me this afternoon?8. Got to go now.III. 单句改错1. Why not asking me about it?2. How about go to Shenzhen for our holidays?3. Though tiring, he kept on working.4. When first introducing to the market, these products enjoyed great success.5. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him not to do.6. If giving the same treatment again, he is sure to get well.7. You should have seen her off at the airport yesterday.-I meant to do, but I had to attend an important conference.8. -Did you enjoy the performance last night?-Yes, I do enjoy it.9I asked him to see the film, but he didnt want to see.10. Did he tell you that the meeting was put off ? -No, but he ought to.11. After killed, he was thrown away into the river.12. I dont know whether he has passed the exam. If is so, Ill be very glad.第三部分：练习答案I. 将下列句子改写为省略句1. This way, please.2. Pardon.3. She works harder at English than I.4. Anybody you want to see?5. Why not go picnicking with us in the mountain?6. You may go with us if you want to.7. Mary likes reading better than going to parties.8. What a pity you cant come with us !9. I will not go to the party unless invited.10. Unless necessary, youd better not refer to the dictionary.11. Get up early tomorrow. If not, you will miss the first bus.12.I didnt go to see our former teacher while in Shanghai.-But I think you should have.II. 看看省略了什么，写出完整的句子1. I beg your pardon.2. It sounds like a wonderful idea.3. Its no wonder he can play computer so well.4. Come this way, please.5. Do you have any more questions?6. I am sorry to have kept you waiting for so long a time.7. Are you going to the Science Museum with me this afternoon?8. We / I have got to go now.III. 单句改错1. Why not ask me about it?2. How about going to Shenzhen for our holidays?3. Though tired, he kept on working.4. When first introduced to the market, these products enjoyed great success.5. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him not to.6. If given the same treatment again, he is sure to get well.7.You should have seen her off at the airport yesterday.-I meant to, but I had to attend an important conference.8.-Did you enjoy the performance last night?-Yes, I did enjoy it.9I asked him to see the film, but he didnt want to.10. Did he tell you that the meeting was put off?-No, but he ought to have.11. After being killed, he was thrown away into the river.12. I dont know whether he has passed the exam. If so, Ill be very glad.111
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