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111Module 2 动词的过去时态一、动词的时态和语态高考中对动词的时态和语态的命题不可少，每年都有两、三分。然而，命题一般都是以基础知识为主，把时态与语境结合起来，在复习动词时态和语态时，应特别注意下面一些问题： 1动词的八种基本时态的形式和意义：一般现在时；一般过去时；一般将来时；现任进行时；过去进行时；现在完成时；过去完成时；现在完成进行时。并且，由此扩充了解将来完成时；将来进行时，将来完成进行时；过去将来完成时等。 2掌握各种时态的时间状语要求，特别是上下文中所暗含的时间。 3注意并掌握句子中时态一致性的要求，如：宾语从句中的时态要求：主句若为过去时，从句必须用相应的过去时，但当从句表示客观真理时，又可只用一般现在时；时间、条件状语中的时态要求：当主句为将来时时，从句用一般现在时；虚拟语气中的时态要求：(见虚拟语气)。 4，掌握各种时态及含情态动词中的被动语态的形式和应用。 (1)分清动词的词性，熟悉并掌握常见的不及物动词happen，take place，occur，exist等，它们不能用被动语态； (2)分清主语与谓语之间的关系； (3)变被动语态的动词一般为及物动词，但有些不及物动词与介词所形成的短语动词也可有被动形式，此时，变被动语态后介词不能丢； (4)熟悉并掌握主动形式表被动意义的情况，如： A及物动词read，write，sell，wash等，用作不及物动词，如：The pen _well Awrites Bwrote Cis written Dhas written B做定语不定式的逻辑主语是句子的主语或宾语时。如： I have much work _ Ato do Bto be done Cto be doing Dto have done 但当不定式的逻辑主语不是句子的主语或宾语时，则须用被动语态如： Do you have any work _now? Im free Ato do Bto be done Cto be doing Dto have done C形容词hard，difficult，interesting，exciting，surprising等后的不定式作语及worth后面的doing。二、过去进行时 Past Continuous1. 过去某一时刻正在进行的动作He was going over the students papers at ten yesterday evening.What were you doing when he came to see you?2. 过去某段时间内正在进行的动作They were teaching English in Shanghai last winter.They were talking while we were watching TV.3. 表示按计划、安排，过去某时将发生的动作：They were leaving for London two days later.John told us he was travelling on the same train with us.4. 在叙述过去发生的故事时用来描绘故事发生的背景：One day we were driving on a highway. It was snowing and the wind was blowing strongly.5. 下列动词通常不能用于现在进行和过去进行时：(1)感官动词：see, hear，smell，taste，feel notice, look，seem，appear(2)表示感觉的动词：hate，love，feel like, want, wish，prefer，refuse，forgive(3)表示存在的动词：be，exist，remain, stay, obtain (获得)(4)表示占有、从属的单词：have，possess (具有), own，contain，belong，consist of，form(5)表示思考、理解的单词：understand，know，believe，think，doubt，forget，remember三、一般过去时用法补充 Past Simple1. 用来指现在的事情，一般用thought, didnt know等动词形式。I didnt know you were a teacher.We thought you were in London.2. 在时间和条件状语从句中表示过去预计将要发生的事情：Mother said she would wait until her son came back.He promised to come and see us if he had time.3. 在Its about time that; I wish that；I would rather；If only；as ifthough等结构的后面表示现在或未来的主观想象或假设情况，常用过去时。We would rather you stayed with us for a long time. 我们宁愿你与我们多呆一会儿。四、过去完成时用法补充 Past Perfect1. 和另一个动词的过去时连用，表示两个动作发生的先后：When he had explained everything clearly, the students had no more questions.They had learnt quite a lot of English before they came to senior high.2. 追述以前发生的事情，并说明理由：They were tired because they had worked for three days and nights.The roads were muddy and the traffic was difficult. It had rained for a whole night.3. 表示过去未曾实现的希望、打算或意图，限于以下动词：think, hope, intend, plan, mean, want, suppose, etc.I had intended to come, but John asked me to help him with his physics. We had thought you would call.They had wanted to help but didnt have enough money.五、一般过去时和过去进行时的区别（1）一般过去式常表示在过去某时发生的动作或存在的状态（包括过去习惯动作），常与一般过去时连用的时间状语有just now, a moment ago, yesterday, last week(month, year), the day before yesterday及表示过去的时间状语从句。如：I was sixteen yesterday old last year.我去年16岁。He worked in a factory in 1986.他1986年在一家工厂工作。I met her in the street the day before yesterday.前天我在街上遇见了她。He often swam in the river when he was young.他小时侯常在河里游泳。（2）过去进行时表示过去某一段时间或某一时刻正在进行的动作。常与之连用的时间状语有，at that time/moment, (at) this time yesterday (last night/Sunday/week), at+点钟+yesterday (last night / Sunday)，when sb. did sth等时间状语从句。What were you doing at seven p.m. yesterday? I first met Mary three years ago. She was working at a radio shop at the time. I was cooking when she knocked at the door.（3）一般过去时往往表示某一动作已经完成，而过去进行时却表示动作在持续或未完成。如：I saw you while you were speaking to the teacher.你在和老师谈话时我看见了你。注意：有的过去时间状语既可用于一般过去时，也可用于过去进行时，但含义不同。如：She wrote a letter to her friend last night.她昨晚给她的朋友写了封信。（信写完了）She was writing a letter to her friend last night.她昨晚一直在给她的朋友写信。（信不一定写完）六、高考演练1) I arrived late; I _ the road to be so icy. (2004北京春)A. wouldnt expect B. havent expectedC. hadnt expected D. wasnt expecting2) John took a photograph of you just now.Really? What a pity! I_.A. didnt look B. wasnt looking C. hadnt looked D. havent looked 3) What we used to think _ impossible now does seem possible. (2006天津) A. is B. was C. has been D. will be4) I _ in London for many years, but Ive never regretted my final decision to move back to China. (2006重庆) A. lived B. was living C. have lived D. had lived5) The young girl sitting next to me on the plane was very nervous. She _ before. (2006广东)A. hasnt flown B. didnt fly C. hadnt flown D. wasnt flying6) When he turned professional at the age of 11, Mike _ to become a world champion by his coach and parents. (2006上海) A. expected B. was expecting C. was expected D. would be expected7) I _ along the street looking for a place to park when the accident _. (2006安徽) A. went; was occurringB. went; occurredC. was going; occurredD. was going; had occurred8) The moment the 28th Olympic Games _ open, the whole world cheered. (2006福建) A. declaredB. have been declared C. have declared D. were declared9) I was giving a talk to a large group of people, the same talk I _ to half a dozen other groups. (2006湖南) A. was giving B. am giving C. had given D. have given10) In a room above the store, where a party _, some workers were busily setting the table. (2006湖南) A. was to be held B. has been held C. will be held D. is being held11) My cousin went to Canada two years ago. He _ there for a few months and then went to America. (2006江西) A. worked B. would work C. would be workingD. has been working12) It is said that the early European playingcards _ for entertainment and education. (2006辽宁) A. were being designedB. have designedC. have been designedD. were designed13) You look very tired. _ at all last night?No, not really. Im tired out now. (2006陕西) A. Do you sleep B. Were you sleepingC. Did you sleep D. Had you slept14) _ the right kind of training , these teenage soccer players may one day grew the international stars. (09江西)A. Giving B. Having given C. To give D. Given15) You speak very good French!Thanks. I _ French in Sichuan University for four years. (09四川)A. studied B. study C. was studying D. had studied111
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