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111Lesson 4 英语常用同义词辨析 break up和 break down 用法1. The ship broke up on the rocks.船触礁破裂了。2. What broke up their friendship?谁破坏了他们的友谊。3. Their marriage broke up . 他们的婚姻破裂了。4. The police had to use force to broke up the crowd警察不得不用武力驱散人群。.5. I am sorry to arrive late, but my car broke down halfway.抱歉我来晚了，我的车在半路上坏了。6. The peace talks broke down without any agreement being reached.和谈失败了，没有达成任何协议。7. I cant have you breaking down in health.我不能让你的身体一天天垮下去。8. Sugar and starch are broken down in the stomach.糖和淀粉会在胃里分解。break up 是指打碎, 破碎, 分裂, 结束, 衰落, 分解, 变坏, 驱散。例如解散人群，关系破裂、某物破碎等。Break down 是指毁掉, 制服, 压倒, 停顿, 倒塌, 中止, 垮掉, 分解。例如车发生故障，计划等失败、身体垮了、分解物质等。matter1. Is anything the matter ? 有什么问题吗？2. You look a bit pale. Whats the matter with you ? 你看起来脸色有点苍白。 你怎么了？3. There is an important matter I would like to talk to you about.有一件重要的事情我要跟你讨论。4. It doesnt matter whether it rains or not tomorrow.明天是否下雨没什么关系的。5. It doesnt matter that you came late. 你来晚了没什么关系。6. Pain doesnt matter to him. He is very strong.痛苦对他来说没什么关系。他身体很强壮。7. It doesnt matter to me which one you choose.对我来说你选择哪一个都 没关系。8. No matter what you do ,I wont forgive you.不管你做什么，我都不会原谅你。9. No matter where he is ,I will find him.不管他在哪，我都会找到他。10. No matter how late you come, I will wait for you .不管你来得有多晚，我都会等你。 matter用作名词表示事件, 问题, 物质, 内容, 实质, 原因, (印刷或书写的)文件, (文章或讲话等的)素材，一般在句中用的时候要在matter的前面加上定冠词the。matter用作动词表示有关系, 要紧,一般用于否定句或是问句中；后面可以跟what ，where，when ，whether等引导的从句。to ones surprise 结构1. To my surprise , he could escape from that big fire.令我惊讶的是，他能够从那场大火里逃脱出来。2. To our great surprise, our team won the football match. 令我们很吃惊的是，我们队赢了足球赛。3. To my joy, I could pass the difficult math exam.令我高兴的是，我能 通过那次很难的数学考试。4. To his sorrow, his whole house was destroyed in the earthquake.令他悲伤的是，他的整座房子都在地震中毁掉了。5. To her delight, she has got a new job in the company.令她高兴的是，她在那个公司里找到了一个新工作。6. To our satisfaction, he could get the first prize in the competition. 我们满意的是，他在比赛中获得了一等奖。7. To his amazement, his parents got him in such a short time.令他吃惊的是，他的父母亲在那么短的时间里就回来了。8. To our excitement, we won the battle against the enemies.令我们激动的是，我们赢得了跟敌人的战斗。to ones surprise 类似的结构一般是to 后面跟物主代词 +表示感情或是情绪变化的名词，通常表示某人的一种情绪和感情。一般在句中作状语。have sb do 与 have sb doing 用法比较1. The boss often has workers work for a long time.那个老板经常让他的工人长时间工作。 2. I would like to have him help me to finish the work.我想让他帮我完成那个工作。3. Who would you rather have post this letter ? 你想让谁帮你寄这封信？4. Dont have the machine working all the time.不要让这个机器一直在运转。5. Its impolite to have him waiting outside for such a long time.让他在外面等这么长时间是不礼貌的。6. You should be careful! Have the fire burning till tomorrow morning.你应该小心。让火一直燃烧到明天早上。 have sb do 表示让某人做某事 与 make /let sb do 近义；have sb doing 表示让某人一直做某事。与keep sb doing 近义。前者表示让某人去做了某事，所以用不定式（have sb to do ）；后者表示让某人一直做某事，所以用现在分词（have sb doing）in order to， in order that, so that 与 so as to用法探异1 People must eat in order to live.人们必须吃饭才能生活。2 He works very hard in order to support his family.他努力工作是为了养家糊口。3 He got up very early in order to catch the first bus.他起的很早是为了赶上头班车。4 We should work hard in order that we can pass the exam.为了能通过考试，我们应该努力学习。5 They talked in a very low voice in order that they could not be heard.为了不让别人听见他们讲话，他们用很低的声音讲话。6 In order to get home on time, he didnt rest on his way . 为了能够准时回到家，他在路上都没有休息。7 We hurried so as to be in time.我们赶紧走，好及时到。8 Speak clearly so that everybody can understand you .请说清楚点，这样每个人都能明白你。9 He often told lies, so that no one believe him .他经常撒谎，都没人相信他。10. Please wear your sun glasses so that the sun wont burn your skin.请带上太阳眼镜，这样太阳就不会晒伤你的皮肤。这几个词组在意思是差不多的，都表示目的。 这些词组在句中一般做状语，表示目的。so as to 和 in order to 后面一般跟不定式；前者引导的动词不定式不可放在句首，而后者引导的可放在句首。so that 和in order that 一般后面跟从句。 111
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