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111Periods 6-7 Grammar and usage整体设计教材分析This is the fifth period, which will center on the grammar: the attributive clause introduced by Preposition+which and preposition+whom Relative adverb: when, where and why.At the beginning of this period, the teacher should give the students some time to go over the attributive clauses introduced by which/that and who/whom, whose. The grammar item in this unit deals with attributive clauses introduced by Preposition+which and preposition+whom Relative adverb: when, where and why. Students are first expected to learn that an attributive clause can be introduced by preposition+which/whom and in what circumstances these two forms are used. The teacher should first ask the students to point out the antecedent and the function of the antecedent in the attributive clause. The teacher had better present some sentences containing the attributive clauses introduced by preposition+which/whom on purpose by asking the students to do some exercises. Get the students to find all the sentences containing the attributive clauses in the two passages. After finding them, the teacher can ask the students to analyze them and understand the function of the relative pronouns in those sentences. After that the teacher should give the students clear explanations about the usage of the grammar.After mastering the rules of the attributive clause, the students should be given more exercises to consolidate what they learn. The teacher should arrange some activities carefully and creatively. First let them do some simple exercises. For example, combine the two sentences using the attributive clause. Then ask them to fill in the blanks using the right prepositions or relative adverbs. 三维目标1. To give a brief introduction to attributive clauses introduced by Preposition+which and preposition+whom Relative adverb: when, where and why.2. Enable students to learn attributive clauses introduced by Preposition+which and preposition+whom as well as relative adverb: when, where and why. 重点难点Learn how when, where or why is used to introduce an attributive clause. 教学方法1. Task-based in-class activities.2. Explanation of some rules of the attributive clause.3. Practice. 教具准备Some slides and the multimedia. 课前准备1. Ask students to go over the attributive clauses introduced by which/that, who, whom, whose.According to what they have learned, try their best to make sentences using the attributive clauses and prepare for the coming competition about making sentences using attributive clauses. One student should prepare at least two or three sentences.2. Ask students to do some sentences about how to choose the right relative pronouns to consolidate what they have learned. While doing the exercises they may find some other sentences which are introduced by Preposition+which and preposition+whom Relative adverb: when, where and why. 教学过程Step 1 Revision and Lead-in1. CompetitionAsk students to use the attributive clauses introduced by that, which, who, and whose to make sentences.Divide the class into four groups and ask students to stand up by themselves to make sentences.The group who make the most sentences are the winners.2. Lead-inMaybe some of the students will make the sentences using when or where, the teacher can lead-in the new lesson from this. Tell the students that they are expected to learn about more types of attributive clauses. In this period, students are first expected to learn about the attributive clause introduced by a preposition+which and a preposition+whom. Then they will learn how to use attributive clauses introduced by the relative adverbs when, where and why. Step 2 Grammar IHelp students learn in what circumstances these two forms are used to introduce attributive clauses.1. Ask the students to read the two attributive clauses in Point on page 28 and then point out the antecedents in them. And then tell the function of each antecedent in the clause.2. Read the two sentences in Point 2. (They informal English and the preposition is usually put at the end of the attributive clause. )Ask students to change the two sentences into formal English.3. Judge whether the following sentences are true or false. Show the following sentences on the screen.1)Dad is a person to who I can easily talk. (F)2)Dad is a person whom I can easily talk to. (T)3)Dad is a person I can easily talk to. (T)4)Dad is a person to that I can easily talk. (F)5)Dad is a person that I can easily talk to. (T)6)Dad is a person who I can easily talk to. (T)4. Present three example sentences in different ways, paying attention to the prepositions in the clauses. In this way, students will learn different forms of clauses introduced by prepositions.1)The pen with which I write my homework everyday is broken, so Ill have to buy a new one. (Here with must be used because we say I write my homework with the pen everyday. )2)Do you know the name of the girl about whom our teacher is talking? (Here about must be used because we say our teacher is talking to the girl. )3)The man for whom I bought the old picture is over eighty years old. (Here from must be used because we say I bought the old picture from the old man. )5. PracticeShow the following sentences on the blackboard1)The two things were their childrens excellent performance in study and their happy family life. The parents felt very proud of them.2)I shall never forget the day. We first met on that day.3)He has lost the key to the drawer. The papers for the meeting were kept in the drawer.4)Can you lend me the magazine? You talked about it with your classmates yesterday.5)Antarctica is covered with thick ice all year round. We know very little about it.Ask the students to combine two sentences into one. Pay attention to the prepositionsAnswers: 1)The two things of which the parents felt proud were their childrens excellent performance in study and their happy family life.2)I shall never forget the day on which we first met.3)He has lost the key to the drawer in which the papers for the meeting were kept.4)Can you lend me the magazine about which you talked with your classmates yesterday.5)Antarctica, about which we know very little is covered with thick ice all year round.注: 介词+关系代词whom (1)关系代词的确定先行词指物: 介+which 先行词指人: 介+whom(2)介词的确定技巧: 根据定语从句的谓语动词来判断The picture for which he paid 2000 dollars was drawn by a famous painter.The picture on which he spent 2000 dollars was drawn by a famous painter.根据先行词特殊性The speed at which the machine operates is show on the computer.特例I dont like the way in which/that/省略you speak to her.注: 1. 介词+which=when/where/why有些介词不可提前This is a boy that we must look after/took care of.类似的词组: look for/look after/take good care of等介词+whom/which+不定式(相当于一个定语从句) Step 3 Grammar In this step, students will learn in what condition when, where and why are used to introduce attributive clauses. They will also learn that when, where and why can be replaced by a preposition+which in formal English.1. Tell students that when the noun or the antecedent refers to a certain period of time and is used as the adverbial of time in the attributive clause, when is used to introduce the clause. Here when is used as a relative adverb.Let students read the three example sentences in point 1 on page 30. Ask them to tell what when refers to in each of the sentences.In sentence 1, when refers to on that day.In sentence 2, when refers to at that moment.In sentence 3, when refers to at that moment.So students can know that sentences here can be said in other ways as the following: 1)Do you remember the day on which we left you in charge?2)I often think of the moment at which I saw the UFO.3)I remember the time at which Eric won that speech competition.2. Tell students that when the noun or the antecedent refers to a place and is used as the adverbial of a place in the attributive clause. Where is used to introduce the clause. Here where is used as a relative adverb.Let students read the four example sentences in point 2. Ask them to tell what where refers to in the sentence.In sentence 1, where refers to in the house.In sentence 2, where refers to in the country.In sentence 3, where refers to in the city.In sentence 4, where refers to in the family.Also we can change the sentences into another way.1)The police searched the house in which the thief had stayed.2)Mike wants to work in a country in which there are a lot of rainforests.3)Is Shanghai the city in which he was born?4)This is not a family in which bad behavior goes unpunished.3. Tell students that when the noun or the antecedent is the word reason, why is used to introduce the clause. Her why is used as a relative adverb.Tell the students here why can be replaced by for which. 注: 正确使用关系代词&关系副词根据定语从句中所作成分来确定关系代词或关系副词。误区: 先行词是时间就用when,是地点就用where,是原因就用why。I also enjoyed the evenings that we spent together. when we worked together.This is the reason why he came late. that he explained to us.I can remember the school where I worked three years ago. that/which/省略I visited three years ago. Step 4 Practice1. Ask the students to read the play in Reading again and found out the attributive clauses in it which feature the grammar they learned today.2. Ask the students to do multiple choices about attributive clauses on the screen.1)His parents wouldnt let him marry anyone_ family was poor.A. of whom B. whom C. of whose D. whose2)In the dark street, there wasnt a single person_ she could turn for help.A. that B. who C. from whom D. to whom3)After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town_ he grew up as a child.A. which B. where C. that D. when4)Carol said the work would be done by October,_ personally I doubt very much.A. it B. that C. when D. which5)He lived in London for 3 months, during_ time he learned some English.A. this B. which C. that D. as6)The visitor asked the guide to take his picture_ stands the famous tower.A. that B. where C. which D. there7)The boss_ department Ms King worked ten years ago look down upon women.A. in which B. in that C. in whose D. whose8)I dont like_ you speak to her.A. the way B. the way in that C. the way which D. the way of which9)Oh the wall hung a picture,_ color is blue.A. whose B. of which C. which D. its10)Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, and_ was very reasonable.A. which priceB. the price of whichC. its priceD. the price of whoseAnswers: DDBDB BCAACStep 5 Homework1. Go over the attributive clauses learned in this period.2. Finish C1 and C2 on page 96 in the workbook.3. Finish the exercises about the attributive clauses on the paper. Step 6 SummaryThis period we have further learnt the attributive clauses. The key point is how to choose the relative pronouns or adverbs. After class, you should keep in mind the skills mentioned in the class. 板书设计Rules: 1. 2. 3. . . . Notes: 1. 2. 3. . . . Exercises: 1. 2. 3. . . . 精彩片断At the beginning of the class, the students are asked to have a competition. Ask students to use the attributive clauses introduced by that, which, who, and whose to make sentences.Divide the class into four groups and ask the students to stand up by themselves to make sentences.The group who make the most sentences are the winners.If possible students can make a story using as many attributive clauses as possible.111
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