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111人教新课标版高二选修六Unit 3 A healthy life期末知识梳理一、训练导入I.考纲单词写出下列考纲词汇的词性和汉义(如果不止一个词性学生自行增补词性及相应汉义)1.abuse 2.stress 3.ban 4.due 5.addicted 6.mental 7.quit 8.effect 9.strengthen 10.chemist 11.disappointed 12.ashamed 13.sex 14.male 15.awkward II.核心短语1_to由于2be_to 习惯与3_risks/a risk 冒险4_risk 处境危险；遭受危险5ban_sth 禁止做某事6_on 对作出决定7in_of 不顾；不管8get_陷入；染上（坏习惯）9_is 也就是说10_a diet 节食二、知识精讲I.重点词汇 1. abuse n.&v.滥用；虐待典例 1) We abuse land because we regard it as a commodity belonging to us” 我们滥用土地，因为我们把它当作属于自己的商品.2) He greeted me with a stream of abuse, which made me feel sad.他迎面对我一顿痛骂,这使我很难过.重点用法drug abuse滥用药品child abuse虐待儿童2. ban n.&v.禁止；取缔；禁令重点用法banfrom sth./doing sth.禁止做某事a ban on关于的禁令典例1) From last June, there is a ban on offering plastic bags for free in supermarket.从去年六月份开始禁止超市无偿提供塑料袋。2) People are banned from smoking in many public places in England.在英国许多公共场所禁止吸烟。3. due adj. 应付的,到期的,预期的典例1) Their plane is due in 15 minutes. 他们的飞机预定在15分钟后到达2) The electricity bill is due today . 今天该交电费了.3) A great deal of money is due to you 这些钱应该付给你。重点用法due to因为；归因于，归功于be due to do sth.定于某时做某事4. addicted adj.成习惯而离不开重点用法 be addicted to sthdoing sth沉溺于；专心做addict oneself to sth沉溺于典例 1) 50 million Americans are thought to be addicted to nicotine据说有五百万美国人有烟瘾。2) Many kids have now become addicted to surfing the Net很多孩子现在沉迷于上网 3) He is an addicted traveler他是个旅行迷。5. accustomed adj. 通常的重点用法 be(becomegrowget accustomed)to(doing)sth习惯于(与get used to sth./doing sth.同义)accustom oneself to sh./doing sth.使自己习惯于.;养成.的习惯典例1) We were accustomed to working together我们习惯了一起工作。2) Having moved to the northeast of China, I had to accustom myself to the dry weather.搬到东北后，我不得不使自己适应干燥的气候。6. quit (quit/quitted) vt.停止 (作某事);离职典例1) I am so tired that I decide to quit next month.我很累了，所以我打算下个月辞职。2) I had to quit the gathering in order to be home by midnight.为了能在午夜前到家，我不得不离开聚会3) He quit smoking, and talked something to the person next to him.他停下烟，和旁边的人说着什么。重点用法quit doing sth.(必须接名词或动名词做宾语) 除此，以下动词有类似用法suggest; practise; risk(冒险);enjoy; escape; admit; advise; allow; appreciate; avoid; deny; mind; miss; permit; consider; forbid; finish;prevent; keep ; delay; dislike; imagine; 6. survival n.幸存重点用法 survive v.幸免于，幸存 survivor n.幸存者典例1) As is known, we need food and water for survival.众所周知，为了生存我们需要食物和水。2) The house survive the storm.经历暴风雪，房子依然没事。II.重点词组 1. feel like doing sth. 想要做某事 ;典例I feel like drinking a cup of hot tea in the cold winter every evening.在寒冷的冬天里,我每个晚上都要喝杯热茶I feel like lying on the bed and listening to the music.我喜欢躺在床上听歌.He feels like a faithful before that learned scholar.在这个知识渊博的学者面前,他就象一个忠诚的信徒.It feels like a snake.这摸上去像是条蛇.短语归纳would like to do sth.想要做某事prefer to do sth.喜欢做某事would rather do than do情愿做而不愿prefer doing (sth.) to (doing) sth. 情愿做而不愿enjoy doing sth.喜欢/乐意做某事2. take a risk/risks 冒险典例1) I know that I am taking a risk, but it is all worthwhile.我知道我是在冒险,但这非常值得。2) He took the risk of losing his own life and saved my life in the cold river.他冒着失去自己生命的危险，在冰冷的河水里救了我的命。短语归纳at risk冒风险；处于危险中at the risk of sth./doing sth.冒。的危险risk doing冒险做。at ones own risk自担风险3. in spite of 不管;尽管 典例1) They kept going in spite of their fears. 他们不顾害怕继续前进。2) In spite of the heavy rain, he came on time.尽管雨很大,他还是按时来了。同义归纳regardless of不管，不顾，尽管；后跟名词，动名词，代词，名词短语等。despite=in spite ofalthough尽管,后跟从句4. get into陷入 典例1) He got into the habit of smoking following his fathers example.他学他的父亲,染上了吸烟的习惯。2) You may get into trouble, if you always tease others.如果你总是取笑别人，你会惹上麻烦的。短语归纳get over a difficulty克服困难get over a cough咳嗽好了get down to sth./doing sth.开始做某事get through to you打通你的电话get through the work完成工作III.重点句型1. When I was taken off the school football team because I was unfit, I knew it was time to quit smoking当因为我不再适合而被学校足球队开除以后，我意识到自己是时候戒烟了.解释 It is (high/about) time for sb. to do sth.=It is (high/about) time that sb. did/should do sth.该某人做某事的时候了。典例It is high time for us to say good-bye.=It is high time that we should say good-bye.到我们分别的时候了。三、语法突破It 的用法（1）1.（ 指心目中或上下文中的人或物）这；那；它。Its a part-time job, so I only work evenings.这是一件零活，我只是在晚上做。I cant stand it (= this situation) any longer! 我再也不能忍受这种情况了!Hows it (= your life, work, etc.) going? 近况如何? The worst of it is that well have to get the repairs done again. 最糟糕的是我们还得再次修理。If its convenient I can see you tomorrow. 要是方便的话,我明天可以见你。2.（指无生命的或性别不详的或性别无关紧要的小孩或动物）它。What a beautiful baby! Is it a boy? 多漂亮的婴孩！ 是个男孩吗？Who is knocking at the door?Its me谁在敲门？是我 。3.（指成为问题或话题的对象的人或物）那个；这个。“Whats that？” “Its a book(a colors television).”那是什么？那是一本书（一台彩色电视机）“Who is on the phone?” Its Mary.”谁的电话？是玛丽的。4.用作主语表示时间、天气、气温、距离、环境等等一般不译出。例如：It is tea time. Mrs. Tuner goes into the kitchen.到了喝茶的时间了，特纳夫人走进了厨房。 It was winter. it was ten degree below zero.现在是冬天，气温是零下10度。 It is only half an hour walk to the tall tower. 只有半小时的路程就可以到达高塔了。5.不是非常明确具体指什么等不译出。I hate it when people speak with their mouths full of food.我讨厌人们嘴里含着饭说话。Can you make it to the station in ten minutes?在十分钟内你能赶到车站吗？I like it in autumn when the weather is clear and bright.我喜欢秋天的季节，那个时候天气晴朗明媚。I would appreciate it if you didint smoke in the room.如果你不在房间里吸烟，我会很感激的。6.用于强调句型中为了强调句子的某一成分，把引导词“it”用在句首，这种强调句的结构是“It is （was ）所强调的成分（主语、宾语、状语）that”，表达的意思为“是，正是，就是”。“it ”在这种句型中本身没什么实际意义。 My temperature! Its my back that hurts.我的体温！是我的背痛。 It is not only blind men who make such stupid mistakes. 决不只有盲人才犯这样愚蠢的错误。 这里需要说明的是：如被强调的是人，则后面用who或that， 如被强调的是物或其他情况，则用that。 It was yesterday that I met Bob in your room. 我就是昨天在你的房间遇见鲍勃的。 It was in your room that I met Bob yesterday. 我就是在你的房间昨天遇见鲍勃的。 It was Bob that I met in your room yesterday. 昨天我在你房间遇见的就是鲍勃。【考题印证】1.（2012湖南卷）30.It was not until came here_I realized this place was famous, for not only its beauty but also its weather.A. whoB. thatC. whereD. before【解析】B。本题考查强调句。把it was及空去掉，可转换为一个完整的句子。且这是表示“直到时才”的句型之一：it was not until that 。复合句 强调句型that 2.（2012重庆卷）32. It was 80 years before Christopher Columbus crossed the Atlantic_ Zheng sailed to East AfricaA. when B. that C. after D. since【解析】B。特殊句式强调句型。句子虽然比较长，但是其主干为强调句型，是对“80 years before Christopher Columbus crossed the Atlantic”进行了强调，由此可知，空白处应该填写“that”。因此，正确答案为B选项。3.（2011四川卷15）Was it on a lonely island _ he was saved one month after the boat went down?A. where B. that C. which D. what【解析】B。考查强调句。此处强调的是句子的地点状语on a lonely island，是强调句的一般疑问句句型：Was it + 被强调部分+ that +句子？句意：“他是不是在小船沉没一个月后在一个孤岛上被营救的？”4.（2011北京卷,34）The employment rate has continued to rise in big cities thanks to the efforts of the local governments to increase .A. them B. those C. it D. that【解析】C。考查代词it的用法。句意为“由于当地政府的努力，大城市里的就业率持续升高。”it代指前面交代过的“the employment rate”，是单数，而them和those是复数。因此选C。5.（2010陕西卷）The cost of renting a house in central Xian is higher than _ in any other area of the city. A. that B. this C. it D. one 【解析】A。考查代词。所填词用于比较状语从句中, 指代句子的主语cost, 即指代不可数名词, 用that。This指代下文即将提到的事物；it指代 “同一物”；one指代 “同类中的一个”之意。【真题体验】1.（2011陕西卷）23.It is not how much we do but how much love we put into what we do_benefits our work most. A. who B. which C. that D. what2.（2011重庆卷）32Have you seem the film Under the Hawthorn Tree? Of course, I have. It was in our village _ it was made.A .that B. where C. when D. which3.（2011湖南卷）35.Its not what we do once in a while _ shapes our lives, but what we do consistentlyA .which B. that C. how D. when4.（2010湖南卷）Johns success has nothing to do with good luck. It is years of hard work has made him what he is today.A. why B. when C. which D. that5.（2009四川卷）I like this house with a beautiful garden in front, but I dont have enough money to buy_.A. one B. it C. this D. that6.（2009浙江卷）Ive read another book this week.Well, maybe _ is not how much you read but what you read that counts.A. thisB. thatC. thereD. it7.【2012届山西太原五中4月月考】32. -Who is knocking at the door? - _. A. They are the childrenB. There are the children C. It is the children D. That is the children 8.【2011届江苏省苏、锡、常、镇四市高三调研测试（一）】34. Mistakes will happen. Accept _ and learn from_.A. it; them B. them; it C. it; it D. them; them9. （北京朝阳2011届高三一模） Id appreciate _if you would like to teach me how to use the computer.A. that B. it C. this D. one10.（2011广西桂林中学第一次月考）22. Is that a book on painting? If so, I want to borrow .Yes, it is.A. this B. it C. one D. the one【答案解析】1.【解析】C。考查强调句。强调句型:It is/was +被强调部分+that连接句子的其他部分。答案选择C。2.【解析】A。考查强调句。问话人询问对方是否看过山楂树之恋这部电影，答话人回答说当然看过，这部电影是在自己的村庄拍摄的。本句是强调句，被强调的部分是地点状语in our village。强调状语in our village。3.【解析】B。考查强调句型。强调主语。故选B。句子意思：决定我们生活的东西不是我们偶尔所做的事情而是那些我们自始至终所做的事情。4.【解析】D。考查强调句型。题干为强调句型, 被强调部分为years of hard work, 故选D项。5.【解析】B。考查不定代词的用法。意思是：我喜欢这个前面有一个美丽花园的房子, 但是我没有足够多的钱去把它买下来。第一句话中的this house表明在该语境中是特指的用法, 所以答案为it, 表示特指。该题容易误选one, 要注意的是one表示泛指。6.【解析】D。考查强调句型。句中 “not how much you read”足以做动词count的主语, 所以选D使之构成强调句型。7.【解析】C。考查代词的用法。此处it指身份不明的人。句意：谁在敲门？-是孩子们。8.【解析】A。考查代词的用法。第一空it指代“错误总会发生的”这一事实；第二空从错误中吸取教训。句意：错误总会发生的。接受它并且从错误中吸取教训。9.【解析】。主要考查代词。译文为：如果你愿意教我们如何使用这台电脑，我将会重视它。“它“在这代指”“如何使用电脑”这件事，所以用it来代替，故选B。10.【解析】B。考查代词的用法。此处it表示“同一指代”，其指代上文提到的那本书。四、单元自测第一节 单项选择1._ needs further discussion whether well build a library or not.A .We B. He C. It D. The thing2.Although we hadnt met for twenty years I recognized him _ I saw him.A. the moment B. one moment C. by the moment D. for the moment 3.So clever a student _ that he was able to work out all the difficult problems.A .he was B. did he C .was he D. has he been4.It was in the village _ we used to live _ the accident happened.A. where; that B. which; that C. that; where D. where; which5.The old man said the accident _ careless driving, so a lot of money _ be paid by the driver.A. was due to; was due to B. dued to; was due to C .is due to; was due to D. is due to; is due to6._ his being late again, he lost his job and had nothing to do.A. Owe to B. Due to C. In case of D. Because of7.You might wonder how it _ to live without eating for so many months.A .keeps B. succeeds C. manages D. tries8.They have decided _ to Canada for their holidays.A. not going B .not go C .not on going D. against going 9.If we dont start now, we must risk _ the train.A .being missed B. missing C. to miss D. miss 10.Which do you enjoy _ your spare time, playing computer at home or taking a walk in the park?A. spending B. to spend C. having spent D. to have spent11.I am not _ up late.A .accustomed staying B. accustomed to staying C. used to stay D. addicted to stay 12.The question is _ for the students to answer. A. enough easy B. enough easily C. easy enough D .easily enough13._ is no good _ without doing anything.A. This; talking B. It; to talk C. It; talking D. That; to talk14.-How often do you eat out? - _, but usually once a week.A .Have no idea B. It depends C .As usual D .Generally speaking 15.-How do you spend your spare time? -I _ playing cards at home or taking a walk in the park.A. feel like B .expect C. want D. would like 第二节完形填空阅读下面的短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。The purpose of a letter of application is to help you to “sell” yourself. It should state 1 the job you want, and should tell what your abilities are and what you have 2 . It should be simple, human, personal and brief without 3 out any necessary fact.In writing a letter of application, keep in 4 that the things a possible employer is most 5 to want to know about are your qualifications(条件), your achievements and your aims. The opening paragraph is perhaps the most important part. 6 the first few sentences fail to 7 the readers attention, the rest of the letter may not be 8 at all. Try to key your opening remarks to the needs or interests of the employer not 9 your own needs or desires. For example, instead of beginning with “I saw your 10 in todays paper.” you might say “I have made a careful 11 of your advertising during the past six months” or “I have made a survey in my neighborhood to find out how many housewives 12 your product and why they like it.”Try to 13 generalities. Be clear about the kind of job for which you are now 14 . College graduates looking for their first positions often ask “What can I 15 in a letter? Employers want experience, which, naturally, no 16 has.” The answer is that everything you have ever done is 17 .It is important to write a good strong closing for your letter. 18 a specific request for an interview or give the possible employer something definite to do or expect. An excellent 19 is to enclose(内附) a stamped, self-addressed envelope with your letter. That makes it 20 for a possible employer to get in touch with you.1.A. clearly B. carefully C. obviously D. easily2.A. found B. done C. known D. heard3.A. sending B. taking C. leaving D. picking 4.A. brain B. sight C. order D. mind5.A. probable B. possible C. likely D. able 6.A. While B. Although C. As D. If7.A. pay B. win C. show D. fix8.A. kept B. continued C. written D. read9.A. to B. for C. into D. from10.A. advertisement B. report C. article D. introduction11.A. watch B. search C. study D. discussion12.A. change B. make C. sell D. use13.A. avoid B. remember C. protect D. gain14.A. losing B. applying C. preparing D. fitting15.A. offer B. supply C. mean D. provide16.A. worker B. beginner C. owner D. manager17.A. success B. development C. practice D. experience18.A. Make B. Ask C. State D. Get19.A. result B. decision C. promise D. idea20.A. happier B. easier C. cheaper D. safer第三部分：阅读理解AWhen middle-aged Alex quit his job and made up his mind to become a self-employed writer, no one could tell for sure whether he would succeed or not. He found a cold storage room in a building, set up a used typewriter and settled down to work.After a year or so, however, Alex began to doubt himself. He found it was difficult to earn his living by selling what he wrote. But Alex determined to put his dream to the test-even though it meant living with uncertainty and fear of failure. This is the shadow land of hope, and anyone with a dream must learn to live there.One day Alex got a call, “We need an assistant, and were paying $6,000 a year.” $6,000 was real money in 1960. It would enable Alex to get a nice apartment, a used car and more. Besides, he could write in his spare time. As the dollars were dancing in Alexs head, something cleared his senses. He had dreamed of being a writerfull time. “Thanks, but no,” Alex said firmly and swiftly, “Im going to stick it out and write.”After Alex got off the phone, he pulled out everything he had: two cans of vegetables and 18 cents. Alex put the cans and cents into a paper bag, saying to himself, “Theres everything youve made of yourself so far. Im not sure I ever felt so low.”Finally his work was published in 1970. Instantly he had the kind of fame and success that few writers ever experience. The shadows had turned into focus of attention.Then one day, Alex found a box filled with things he had owned years before. Inside was a paper bag with two cans and 18 cents. Suddenly he pictured himself working in that cold storage room. It reminds Alex, and anyone with a dream, of the courage and persistence it takes to stay the course(持续到底) in the shadow land.1. Why did Alex give up his job? A. Because he didnt like the working conditions.B. Because he couldnt earn enough to make a living.C. Because he wanted to be a full-time writer.D. Because he felt he had no potential in his job.2. What did Alex express when he answered the call? A. He refused the job offer.B. He was willing to give them a hand.C. He expected them to pay him more money.D. He would write in his spare time.3. What kind of person is Alex? A. Determined. B. Modest. C. Shy. D. Brave.4. Which of the following can summarize the passage best? A. Look before you leap.B. Two heads are better than one.C. Hold on to your dream and it will come true.D. A bird in hand is worth two in the bush. BThe secret of carrier pigeons unbelievable ability to find their way home has been discovered by scientists; the feathered navigators follow the roads just like we do.Scientists now believe the phrase “as the crow flies” no longer means the shortest most direct route between two points. They say it is likely that crows and other birds also choose AAsuggested routes, even though it makes their journeys longer.Scientists at Oxford University spent 10 years studying homing pigeons using global positioning satellite(GPS) and got a surprising result. The birds often dont use the sun to decide their directions.Instead they fly along motorways, turn at crossing and even go around roundabouts(绕道), adding miles to their journeys.“It really has knocked our research team sideways to find that after a decade-long international study, pigeons appear to ignore their inbuilt directional instincts(本能) and follow the road system,” said Prof Tim Guilford, reader in animal behavior at Oxford Universitys Department of Zoology.Guilford said pigeons use their own navigational system(导航系统) when doing long distance trips or when a bird does a journey for the first time.“But once homing pigeons have flown a journey more than once, they can fly home on a habitual route, much as we do when we are driving or walking home from work,” said Guilford.“In short, it looks like it is mentally easier for a bird to fly down a road. They are just making their journey as simple as possible.”5. What would be the best title of the passage? A. How Pigeons Find Their Ways HomeB. Why Pigeons Can Fly Long DistanceC. Birds Follow Roads As We DoD. Why Crows Fly the shortest Distance6. Scientists used to think that homing pigeons often find their directions _. A. by global positioning satellite B. by the sunC. by the road system D. by following other birds7. Why do homing pigeons tend to follow the road system during their journey? A. Because they dont have their inbuilt directional instincts now.B. Because their own navigational system doesnt work.C. Because it is too hard to use their own navigational system.D. Because it is easier to make journey simple by following road system.单元自测答案：第一节 1-5 CACAA 6-10DCDBB 11-15BCCBA第二节 15 ABCDC 610 DBDAA 1115 CDABD
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