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111Unit 2English around the world教 材 面 面 观单词拓展1._ n电梯；升降机同义词(美语用法)_2_n本身；本体；身份_vt._adj.3_n. & vt.命令；指令；掌握4_n. & vt.请求；要求5_n词语；表示；表达_vt.6_adj. & n本国的；本地的；本地人；本国人7_adj.逐渐的；逐步的_adv.8_adj.较后的；后半的；(两者中)后者的9_adj.流利的；流畅的_adv.10_adj.频繁的；常见的_adv.11_adj.实际上；事实上_adj.12_n街区；块；木块；石块13_vt.辨认出_n_adj.14_adj.官方的；正式的_adv.15_adj. & adv.直的；笔直的；直接短语回顾1.because_由于，因为2come_ 走近；上来；提出3_present 现在，目前4_use of 利用，使用5_as 例如；像这种的6play a part_ 扮演一个角色，参与7_than 不仅仅是，不只是8be different_ 与不同9_with sb. 与交流/交际10_.on 以作为的基础11_number of 的数量12_English 标准英语13_it or not 信不信由你14from one place to _ 从一个地方到另一个地方15than _ before 比以往任何时候更句型背诵1._ _they dont speak the same kind of English.即使他们不讲同一种英语。2Believe it or not，there is_ _thing_standard English.信不信由你，(世界上)没有什么标准英语。3_ _ _ in the early days of radio, those who reported the news were expected to speak excellent English.这是因为在早期的电台节目里，人们期望新闻播音员所说的英语是最好的。自我诊断单词拓展1elevator; lift2.identity，identify，identifiable3.command4request5.expression，express6.native7.gradual，gradually8.latter9.fluent，fluently10.frequent，frequently11.actually，actual12.block13.recognize，recognition，recognizable14.official，officially15.straight短语回顾1of2.up3.at4.make5.such6.in7.more8.from9.communicate10.base11.the12.standard13.believe14.another15.ever句型背诵1even if2.no such；as3.This is because考 点 串 串 讲重点单词1.include vt.包括，包含The price includes postage charges.价格包括邮费在内。I include eggs on the list of things to buy.我在要买的货单上包括了鸡蛋。The university includes ten colleges.该大学有10个学院。用法拓展including prep.包括included adj.包括的，内藏的易混辨析include与containinclude强调“包括作为整体的一部分”，是指不完全的纳入。例如：They included a reference to the accompanist in the review of the concert.他们在对这台音乐会的评论中提到了伴奏。I will include an amount for postage in my payment.我的付款将包含邮费。The list included his name.这个名单上包括他的名字。contain着重“其中确实包含有”，表示包含或拥有(某物)以作为一部分或一组。如：The bottle contains water.这个瓶子里有水。This drawer contains all the cutlery we own.这个抽屉里盛放着我们所有的刀叉餐具。The book contains some amusing passages.这本书里有一些有趣的章节。Polluted water contains contaminant.被污染的水中含有放射性污染物。即境活用翻译句子在地震中有六人丧生，其中有三位妇女。_所有的费用都包括在内，共计1 000人民币。_昨天晚上，我们全体，包括我在内，去看电影了。_答案：Six people were killed in the earthquake，including three women.That is RMB1,000，all charges included.All of us，including me(me included)，went to see the movie last night.2command vi.&vt.命令；指令；掌握The officer commanded that seven soldiers(should)be stationed there.那军官命令在那儿驻扎七名士兵。He has a good command of English.他精通英文。用法拓展at command掌握，可自由使用at sb.s command听某人支配have a good command of能自由应用in command of指挥under(the)command of由指挥；在指挥之下command of the air/sea制空/海权get/have a good command of Englishget/have a good mastery of English精通英文(1)command接从句时，从句要使用虚拟语气，其形式为should动词原形。suggest(建议)，order，require，request，demand，insist(坚持主张)等接从句时同command，should可省略。例如：He commanded that all his men(should)get there before dark.他命令他的战士在天黑前赶到那里。(2)command不论用作动词或名词，后跟的that从句里的谓语通常用should动词原形，或只用动词原形。例如：He gave a command that each of them(should)come at seven oclock.他要求他们每一个人7点钟必须到。易混辨析command，order，instruct与direct这四个单词都含“命令，指挥，指示”的意思。command指“在权威方面正式下令”；order为常用词，虽然有时指“权威人士或武断地命令”，但多用于“非正式或个人之间下的命令”；instruct的含意是“指示、命令、指导”，属正式用语，强调“有系统地指导”；direct的含意是“指导、指挥、指示”，多指“权威性地指导”。例如：The general commanded his men to attack the city.将军命令士兵攻城。His father ordered him to leave.他父亲叫他走开。She instructed him(in)how to do the experiment.她指导他怎样做这项实验。Who directed that film?谁导演了那部电影？即境活用翻译句子老师命令她立刻过来。(command sb. to do sth.)_他精通英文。(have a good command of.)_答案：The teacher commanded her to come immediately.He has a good command of English.3request n&vt.请求；要求用法拓展They made a request for more time.他们要求再给一些时间。You are requested not to smoke in the library.请不要在图书馆里吸烟。用法拓展at the request of sb./at ones request应某人的请求/要求by request按照要求on/upon request一经请求request后面接从句时，从句的谓语动词用虚拟语气，即用should动词原形，其中should可以省略。He was there at the request of his teacher/at his teachers request.他按照老师的要求到达了那里。The writers name was not broadcast by request.按照作者的要求，姓名不予播报。The books are available on request.这些书可以索取。The manager requested that no one(should)be told of her decision until the next meeting.经理要求下次开会前不要向任何人透露她的决定。易混辨析request，require和demand共同点，三者都有“要求”的意思，并且这三个词引导的宾语从句中，谓语都用虚拟语气，即should动词原形，其中should可以省略。不同点：request指“请求；要求”，用于客气、有礼貌的场合。require也是指“要求”，但它强调“客观上的需要或必须”。demand是指“强烈要求”，含有“要求对方服从”的意思，口气强硬。不能用demand sb. to do sth.结构，但可以用demand to do sth.，可以用request/require sb. to do sth.。require还可以表示“需要”之意，相当于want，need，作此意讲时，如果句子的主语和require之后的动词存在动宾关系，这个动词需要用ing形式或者用to be done的形式。Passengers are requested not to smoke.请勿吸烟。You are required by law to send your children to school.按照法律规定你必须送孩子上学。I demand to see my lawyer.我要求见我的律师。This shirt requires washing/to be washed.这件衬衫需要洗一下。即境活用单项填空She left her address with a request that any mail_on to her.Awould be sentBmust be sentCbe sent Dcould be sent答案：C4recognize vt.辨认出；承认；公认I recognized her as my friends daughter by her red hair.我根据她的红头发认出她是我朋友的女儿。It was recognized that this solution could only be temporary.人们认为这只是个临时的解决方案。Drugs were not recognized as a problem then.那时候还没有把毒品看成严重的问题。用法拓展recognition n认出；识别；承认；赏识change beyond/out of recognition变得面目全非；沧海桑田recognized adj.容易认出的；易于识别的He received the award in recognition of his success over the past year.他受到了奖励，这是对他过去一年的成绩的肯定。After so many years my teacher was still instantly recognizable.过了这么多年，还是一眼就能认出我的老师。易混辨析recognize和realizerecognize强调“清楚知道；认定；承认”；realize强调经过一个过程后终于明白了，译为“意识到”。I recognize that I have been wrong.我承认我错了。When he realized what had happened，he was sorry.当他明白发生了什么事时，感到很难过。即境活用单项填空The general public soon_that something has gone wrong with the project in progress.Aremembers BrecognizesCrealizes DawakesLincoln is recognized_one of the greatest presidents in America.Aas BforCbeing Dlike答案：CA5base n底部；基础；根据地 vt.以为基础，根据用法拓展at the base of a hill在山脚下on the base of以为基础an air base空军基地an industrial base工业基地base.on.be based on.根据base the theory on careful research把理论建立在仔细研究的基础上base ones opinion on facts把自己的观点建立在事实的基础上即境活用单项填空The_of university took place over 600 years ago.Abase BfoundationCbasis DbuildMany young people today_to choose their own careers_their interests.Amake a choice；base onBmake choice；based onCmaking choices；based onDmaking choices；basing on答案：B句意为：这所大学始建于600多年以前。foundation“成立，创办”，A、C两项为“基础”之意，D项作名词时，意为“体格”，不符合句意，故选B项。Bmake choices在句中作谓语动词，based on their interests作定语。重点短语1.come up提出；到来；走过来The problem came up at the meeting this morning.这个问题是在今天上午的会上被提出来的。Ill let you know if anything comes up.如果有事发生的话，我会通知你。The seeds I sowed last week hasnt come up.我上周播种的种子还没有发芽。用法拓展come about发生come across邂逅，偶然遇到come along跟我(们)来；快点；进展come up with想出come at袭击，向扑来come off从离开；脱落come out出来；出版；长出，传出，出现；真相大白come to涉及，谈及；到达，结束；总共，共计；突然想起come true变为现实；实现come by偶然获得；得到即境活用用上述短语的适当形式完成句子Shes_some amazing scheme to double her income.How did the problem_in the first place?You wait half an hour for a bus，then three_at once!答案：come up withcome aboutcome along2play a part/role(in)起作用，扮演角色The UN.plays an important role in international relations.联合国在国际关系方面扮演着重要角色。The teacher plays a very active part in this type of classroom activity.在这类课堂活动中教师起了非常积极的作用。China is playing an increasingly important part in safeguarding the world peace.中国对捍卫世界和平起着越来越重要的作用。即境活用翻译句子计算机在我们的生活中起着非常重要的作用。(play an important part in)_她在那部戏剧里扮演了一个很受欢迎的角色。(play a popular role in)_答案：Computers are playing an important part in our life.She played a popular role in the drama.3at present眼前，暂时We have no plans at present for closing the factory.目前我们没有关闭那家工厂的计划。(1)present n赠品；礼物；现在make/give a present to sb.给某人送礼(2)present vt.颁发，授予；提出(交)；展示，表现present sb. with sth.present sth. to sb.送给某人某物present sth.展现某物(3)present adj.出席的，到场的(作表语或后置定语)；现存的，当前的(作前置定语)The children unwrapped their Christmas presents with delight.孩子们高兴地把圣诞礼物拆开。They presented a sum of money to the college in memory of their son.他们向学校赠送了一笔款项以纪念他们的儿子。Those present at the meeting were the leading members of the departments concerned.出席会议的是有关各部门的负责人。即境活用单项填空He was then the only _ among the _ there.Aperson asleep; people presentBasleep person; present peopleCperson asleep; present peopleDasleep person; people present答案：A4because of 意为“因为”The old man walked slowly because of his bad leg.这位老人因为腿不好而行动缓慢。Because of his parents being there，I said nothing about it.因为他父母在场，我就没有提及此事。用法拓展表示原因的种种说法：due to由于，作表语或状语，不放于句首thanks to多亏了，作状语owing to由于，因为，作表语或状语as a result of因为的结果，作状语on account of因为，作状语in consequence of/as a consequence of因为的结果，作状语The project had to be abandoned due to a lack of government funding.这项工程由于缺乏政府的资助而不得不放弃。It was all a great successthanks to a lot of hard work.由于尽心竭力，这才获得了巨大成功。Her mother retired early on account of ill health.由于身体不好，她母亲及早就退了休。The child was born unhealthy in consequence of an injury to its mother.由于母亲受过伤，这个小孩生下来就不健康。温馨提示because是连词，其后接句子；because of是复合介词，其后接名词、代词、动名词、what从句等，此介词短语通常用作状语而不用作表语。I didnt buy it because it was too expensive.我没有买是因为它太贵了。He lost his job because of his age.由于年龄关系他失去了工作。即境活用单项填空He knew his girl friend was crying_what he had said.Weve made such great progress_your help.答案：because ofthanks to5even if即使，尽管用法拓展even if/though即使，尽管，引导让步状语从句。若主从句皆表示将来的情况，从句中可用一般现在时代替将来时。Even if/though I have to walk all the way, Ill get there.即使我得一路走着去，我也要走到那里。用法拓展(1)as ifas though似乎，好像。引导方式状语从句或表语从句。当从句的内容与事实相反时，从句用虚拟语气。(2)even now即使在现在；尽管这样even then即使在那时，尽管那样even so虽然如此(3)though adv.& conj.虽然；尽管，相当于although，可以引导让步状语从句，though引导让步状语从句时，常将从句的表语(名词、形容词等)置于句首。He behaved as if nothing had happened.他装作若无其事的样子。There are many spelling mistakes; even so its quite a good essay.这篇文章有许多拼写错误，然而仍不失为好文章。She won first prize, though none of us had expected it.她得了头等奖，虽然这件事我们都没想到。Strange though it may seem, its a fact.尽管这似乎很奇怪，但是事实。I expect youre rightIll ask him, though.我认为你说的对我去问问他也好。即境活用单项填空Many of them turned a deaf ear to his advice, _ they knew it to be valuable.Aas ifBnow thatCeven though Dso thatMuch of the power of the trade unions has been lost._， their political influence should be very great.AAs a result BAs usualCEven so DSo far答案：CC6make use of利用用法拓展make full use of充分利用make the best use of尽量利用make good use of好好利用，合理利用make little use of没有很好地利用You should make full use of every chance you have to speak English.你要充分利用一切机会说英语。Our factory is making the best use of robots.我们工厂充分使用了机器人。We will make good use of her talents.我们要很好地发挥她的才能。We made little use of the books in that library.我们没有充分利用图书馆里的书籍。用法拓展名词use还可以与其他词搭配构成词组：be of great use很有用come into use开始被使用be in use在使用中bring/put.to use加以使用These maps might be of some use to you on your trip.这些地图你在旅途中也许有些用。When did this word come into common use?这个词是什么时候用起来的？He will be able to put his experience to good use in the new job.他能在新工作中把他的经验派上用场。即境活用单项填空The manager of the company told us that very little _ was made of the waste material in the past.AcostBvalueCuse Dmatter答案：C7more.than.比多用法拓展(1)more than数词，表示“超过，多于”。(2)more than名词，表示“不仅仅是，不只是”。(3)more than形容词、副词，表示“非常，十分”，与very同义。(4)more than之后的从句含有can或could时，常表示否定意义。此时，从句中的谓语动词必须是及物动词，并且与句子的主语为逻辑上的动宾关系。(5)more.than.意为“与其不如；是而不是”，表示自身的比较。(6)no more thanonly意为“只有，仅仅”；not more than常用于数词之前，意为“至多，不超过”，其意义相当于at (the)most。I like her more than her husband.我喜欢她甚于她的丈夫。Hibernation is more than sleep.冬眠不仅仅是睡觉。Im more than happy to take you there in my car.我非常愿意用汽车把你送去。The secret is more than we can let out.这个秘密我们是不能泄露的。John is more diligent than clever.与其说约翰聪明，不如说他勤奋。Its no more than a mile to the shops.离商业区不过一英里。即境活用单项填空The cruelty of his is _ we can imagine.Amore thanBbetter thanCother than Dlittle than答案：A8such as例如；像这种的Peter likes most of the ball games, such as football, basketball, volleyball and so on.彼得喜欢大多数球类运动，例如足球、篮球、排球等。易混辨析such as, for example, that is和and so on(1)such as.用来列举部分事物。通常放在被列举事物的前面以及需要说明的事物的后面，意思是“比如；诸如之类的”，可与like互换，as后面不能有逗号。(2)for example.起到补充说明的作用，表明在众多内容中仅举一个或少数几个例子，前后用逗号隔开，作插入语，可位于句首、句中或句末，意思是“例如”“举个例子”。(3)that is后面列举的事物的总量等于它前面提到的总和，相当于namely，意思是“即；也就是说”。(4)and so on对几个事物进行列举时，在说明了其中的几个之后，用.and so on进行概括，说明还有例子，但不一一列举了，意思是“等等”。I know many women who have a career and a familyAlison for example.我知道有许多妇女能事业家庭兼顾，艾莉森就是其中之一。I have three good friends, that is, John, Jack and Tom.我有三个好朋友，即约翰、杰克和汤姆。There are some books, pens, erasers and so on in my bag.我的书包里有书、笔、橡皮等。即境活用单项填空Several Chinese films are rising to international fame, the Brokeback Mountain(断臂山)，_， directed by Ang Lee has won the Oscar Awards.Asuch asBfor exampleCnamely Dthat is答案：B9hold on等会儿；(在困难中)坚持下去用法拓展hold down抑制(情感等)；限制；压低(物价等)hold off拖延；推迟hold on to紧紧抓住(抱住)；坚持hold out(供给品等)维持；伸出；支持hold up支撑；耽搁，阻挡keep hold of抓住；握住seize/take/catch/get/lay hold of抓住；获得hold back阻止；抵挡；抑制(情感)Hold on, Ill just get my coat.等一等，我去拿外套。Ill hold on for another few minutes if you like.如果你愿意的话，我就再等几分钟。They didnt know if they would be able to hold on until help arrived.他们不知道自己是否能坚持到救援到来。即境活用用hold down, hold off, hold out, hold up填空We shall _ the prices until the new year.Will the water supply _ through the summer?The building work _ by bad weather.We could get a new computer now or _ until prices are lower.答案：hold downhold outhas been held uphold off重点句式1.Native English speakers can understand each other even if they dont speak the same kind of English.以英语为母语的人能够互相交流，即使他们所讲的英语并不相同。用法拓展even ifeven though意为“尽管；即使”，用来引导让步状语从句。若主、从句皆表示将来的情况时，从句中用一般现在时代替将来时。Even if I leave now, Ill be too late.即使我现在出发，我也会迟到的。He will not let out the secret even if he knows it.即使他知道这个秘密，他也不肯说出来。特别提示(1)as ifas though“好像，仿佛”，引导方式状语从句，且从句常用虚拟语气。(2)if only“要是就好了”，往往用来表示未能实现的愿望或想法，故常用虚拟语气。(3)only if“只要”，引导条件状语从句，且从句位于句首时，主句需用倒装形式。(4)what if.？表示“要是会怎么样？”。He talked as if he were an Englishman.他说起话来好像他就是一位英国人。If only I knew her name.我要是知道她的名字就好了。Only if he comes back will I leave here.只有他回来，我才会离开这儿。What if he is late again?他要是再一次迟到会怎样？即境活用单项填空_ my mailing address is different from my living address?Then you must write both in the form.AAs if BWhat ifCEven if DOnly ifThe librarian promised to get the book from me _ she could remember who last borrowed it.Aever since Bin caseCif only Deven if答案：BC2India has a very large number of fluent English speakers because Britain ruled India from 1765 to 1947.印度拥有众多讲流利的英语的人，因为英国于1765年到1947年统治过印度。用法拓展(1)a large number of.它的含意相当于a great many，表示“许多；相当多”的意思。用来修饰可数名词，谓语动词用复数形式。例如：We have lived here a large number of years.我们在这儿已经住了许多年了。I have a large number of things to do today.今天我有许多事要做。A large number of books are lent at the library every day.图书馆每天借出大量的书。特别提醒a number of.是“许多，若干”的意思；而the number of.作“的数量”解，后接名词复数，the number of在句中作主语时，谓语动词用单数。例如：Today the number of people learning English in China is increasing rapidly.如今中国学习英语的人的数量正迅速增长。The number of comrades absent from the meeting was surprising.没有到会的同志人数很惊人。(2)rule在这里用作动词，表示“统治；治理”的意思。除此之外，它常常被用作名词，表示“规定；规则”的意思。例如：The old king had ruled the country for many years.老国王统治了那个国家许多年。I think the government is ruling the country well.我认为政府治国有方。We walk to school as a rule.We only take a bus when it rains.通常我们走着去上学。只有雨天才乘坐公共汽车。即境活用翻译句子许多学生站在老师办公室外按顺序等候背书。_大学生的数量逐年增加。_你知道这游戏的规则吗？_答案：A number of students are standing outside the office waiting for their turn to recite the text.The number of the college students is increasing year by year.Do you know the rules of the game?3However，on TV and the radio you will hear differences in the way people speak.然而，你将会在电视和收音机上听到人们说话方式的不同。用法拓展however在这里用作副词，本身具有独立性，通常用逗号与句子的其他成分隔开，表示“然而；尽管如此；不过”的意思。可用在句子的开始或句中，有时也可以用在句末。例如：Tom was ill yesterday.However，he came to school as usual.汤姆昨天病了，但是他还是像往常一样来到学校。He likes singing English songs.He cant sing well，however.他喜欢唱英文歌曲，尽管唱得不好。特别提醒however作副词时，还可以表示“不管到什么程度”的意思。它和but的区别在于but可作为介词或并列连词，作为连词用来连接两个并列成分，转折意味较强。but后一般不用逗号与句子其他成分隔开。例如：However cold it is，he always goes swimming in the river.不管天有多冷，他总是到河里去游泳。However difficult the problems are，we should try to work them out.不管问题有多么困难，我们都应该努力去解决。I want to buy a new CD by SH.E.，but I have no money.我想买S.H.E.的一张唱片，但是我没钱。Stella is poor but honest.斯特拉虽穷但是很诚实。即境活用翻译句子不管困难有多大，他尽了最大努力去解决这个问题。_他不同意我的看法，但是他什么也没说。_答案：He tried his best to solve the problem，however difficult it was.He didnt agree with me.However，he said nothing about it.4Believe it or not, there is no such thing as standard English.信不信由你，(世界上)没有什么标准英语。用法拓展(1)believe it or not信不信由你。常在句中作插入语。Believe it or not, I saw my most favorite movie star in the street.信不信由你，我在街上见到了我最喜欢的影星。Brian is not a man to trust with, believe it or not!布莱恩不是一个值得信赖的人，信不信由你！rain or shine 无论下雨还是天晴large or small 无论大的还是小的walking or sleeping 无论是走路还是睡觉in or out 不管在家还是在外特别提示or连接两个词性相同或意义相反的词语或结构，表示让步，意为“不管还是，无论还是”。East or west, home is best.金屋银屋，不如自家的土屋。The sports meet will take place as planned, rain or shine.无论下雨还是天晴，运动会将按原计划进行。(2)no such thing没有这样的事情。such与all, no, some, any, few, little, many, much, several, one等词连用时，应位于它们的后面。与a/an连用时，放在a/an的前面。特别提示no等于not any或not a, 故no such thing不能写成no such a thing。There are many such rooms here, so I cant find out which one is mine.这里有许多这样的房间，因此我找不到哪个是我自己的了。I couldnt believe my eyesI had thought there was no such man, but I should see it myself.我不敢相信自己的眼睛我本来以为世上没有这样的人，结果我竟然看到了。即境活用单项填空He told me the news that, _， he had got the admission to Qinghua University.Abelieve it or notBthat isCwhats more Dtell
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