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111动词-ing“形式”多样看一看 请看下列句子，体会动词-ing形式在各句中的用法。1. He hurried home, looking behind from time to time as he went.2. Having written the letter, I went out to post it. 3. Having been shown around the factory, they returned to school.4. Not knowing what to do next, she stopped to wait. 5. Weather permitting, well be going boating tomorrow.讲一讲 通过观察以上5个句子，我们可以将动词-ing形式作状语的用法分别总结如下：1. 动词-ing形式的一般式：动词-ing形式作状语时，与逻辑主语是“主动关系”，它表示的动作和谓语表示的动作同时发生。第1句中的动词-ing形式作伴随状语，另外，动词-ing形式还可以作时间、条件、原因或结果状语。如：Seeing (When he saw) those pictures, he couldnt help thinking of those days in Yanan.（时间状语）当他看到那些图片时，就禁不住想起了在延安的那些日子。Working (If you work) hard, you will pass the entrance exam.（条件状语）如果你努力学习，你就会通过入学考试。Seeing (Because she saw) nobody at home, she decided to leave them a note.（原因状语）因为看见家里没人，她决定给他们留一张便条。The road is under construction, causing (and thus caused) the delay.（结果状语）道路正在建设中，因此造成了延误。2. 动词-ing形式的完成式：如果动词-ing形式表示的动作发生在谓语表示的动作之前，就要用动词-ing形式的完成式，即having done。此时的动词-ing形式一般在句中作时间或原因状语。如：Having got our tickets, we drove to the airport to board the plane.（时间状语）买到机票之后，我们就开车到机场登机。Having been ill for two weeks, she felt rather weak.（原因状语） 由于病了两周，她感到身体很虚弱。3. 动词-ing形式的被动式：用作状语的动词-ing形式和逻辑主语是“被动关系”时，用动词-ing形式的被动式，即being done或having been done。如：Having been invited to speak, Ill start making preparations tomorrow.已经被邀请发表讲话，我明天开始做些准备。4. 动词-ing形式的否定式：为了表达动词-ing形式的否定意义，须在动词-ing形式的前面加not。如：Not having finished the homework, the pupil doesnt dare to go to school. 由于还没有完成作业，这个学生不敢去上学。5. 动词-ing形式的逻辑主语：动词-ing形式之前可以有自己的逻辑主语，称之为“独立结构”，这类逻辑主语常由名词或代词来充当。如：All the money having been spent, we started looking for job. 所有的钱都已经被花完了，我们开始找工作。 此外，还有一点需要注意：有的动词-ing形式在句中没有逻辑主语，且大多是一些固定用法。这类特殊的单词或短语有：regarding（关于），considering（考虑到），supposing（假定），taking . into consideration（考虑到），judging by / from（从判断），generally speaking（一般说来），allowing for（考虑到）等。如：He did poorly in his examinations, considering how hard he had studied for them. 考虑到他学习的努力程度，他这次考试考得确实太差了。Generally speaking, boys are more interested in such activities than girls.一般说来，男孩对这样的活动比女孩更有兴趣。练一练 将下列句子翻译成英语。1. 送孩子们上学之后，她就准备去上班。2. 找到旅馆之后，他们就开始找餐馆。3. 由于没收到回音，我决定再给他写一封信。Key:1. Having sent the children to school, she got ready to go to work.2. Having found a hotel, they began to look for a restaurant.3. Not having got an answer, I decided to write him another letter.111
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