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111Module Two No Drugs 一、重点单词讲解1addiction n. U 上瘾；沉溺；吸毒成瘾（“对上瘾”用“addiction to”）e.g.I believe you can overcome your addiction to drugs. 我相信你能克服毒瘾。词性变化：addictive adj. 使人上瘾的;addict n. C 上瘾的人；vt使上瘾addicted adj.（对）上瘾（be addicted to） e.g.He became addicted to the drug.他上了毒瘾。The children are addicted to computer games.孩子们对计算机游戏上了瘾。2danger n. 危险；风险；危险（人）物；危害e.g.In war, a soldiers life is full of danger.在战争中，士兵的生命充满了危险。A busy street is a danger to children.交通流量大的街道对小孩子很危险。（“对危险”用“danger to”）常用短语：in danger 处于危险中out of danger 脱险e.g.She fell into a river and was in danger.她跌入河中，处于危险之中。The boy has been out of danger.这男孩已经脱险。词性变化：danger n. 危险；危险的人或物 dangerousadj. 危险的;dangerously adv. 危险地endangervt. 危及；危害；使遭到危险 3. powerful adj.1) 强有力的: The headmaster is a powerful man. 校长是个强有力的人物。2) 极大的: Her imagination is too powerful.她的想象力太丰富。3) 强的；强烈的: Onions have a powerful smell. 4) 有势力的4reduce vt. 缩减（体积、数量、程度、价格等）；减小；减少；降低（减少了多少，用by；减少到多少，用to，reduce的同义词是decrease，反义词是increase）e.g.She reduced her weight by 5 kilograms by taking exercise.通过做运动，她的体重减了5公斤。The number of the people in that club has reduced to about 30.那个俱乐部里的人数已经减少到了30左右。5crimen.U 犯罪活动，不法行为，罪行C；罪e.g.Crime is on the increase in big cities.在大城市里，犯罪正在逐渐增加。Killing people is a crime.杀人是一种罪行。常用短语：commit/do a crime 犯罪e.g.He committed a crime.他犯了罪。词性变化：criminal n. 罪犯，犯罪者;adj. 犯罪的，犯法的，罪恶的6connectionn. U连接；联结C连接点；连接物e.g.What is the connection between the two facts?这两个事实之间有什么联系？The light goes on and off. Is there a loose connection? 灯忽明忽暗，是不是线路接触不良？7illegal adj. 不合法的；违法的e.g.It is illegal to carry guns without permission.未经许可携带枪械是违法的。It is illegal to steal things.偷东西是违法的。What you did is an illegal act. 你所做的是违法行为。8likely（1）adj. 有可能的；可能发生的；适当的；正合要求的e.g.Can you tell me the likely result?你能告诉我可能的结果吗？This looks a likely place to take a bath.这地方适合洗个澡。常用结构：sb./ sth. +be + likely + to do sth.it +be + likely + that-clausee.g.Hes likely to ring me tonight.= Its likely that he will ring me tonight.他可能今晚给我打电话。Susan isnt likely to win.苏珊不可能赢。Its likely that she will pass the exam= She is likely to pass the exam.她有可能通过这次考试。It isnt likely to rain.不太像要下雨。（2）adv. 通常与very, most, quite连用，very/most/quite likely很可能；as likely as not 可能；十之八九e.g.Most likely he will lose his way. 很可能他会迷路。词语辨析： likely probable和possible 三个词均表示“可能的”，但likely和probable所表示的可能性大，possible表示的可能性小。三个词均可用于It isthat结构。e.g.It is possible/ likely/ probable that they will win. 他们可能会赢。只有likely可以用人当主语，即sb. is likely to do，意为“某人可能做”e.g.They are likely to win. 他们可能会赢。（此处不能用possible或probable）possible和likely后可接不定式，而probable不与不定式连用：It is possible/ likely to happen.事情可能要发生。（不能用probable）9disagree vi. （与某人）意见不一；与不一致；不相符The two statements disagreed.这两种说法不一致。disagree with sb. 不同意某人；（食物、气候等）对某人不适合e.g.I disagreed with you.我不同意你的意见。The hot climate disagrees with me.这炎热的气候不适合我。10ban（1）vt.禁止（某事物）e.g.The government has banned the use of chemical weapons.政府已经禁止使用化学武器。Smoking is banned in school.在学校禁止吸烟。常用结构：ban sb. from sth./ from doing sth. 明令禁止某人做某事e.g.He has been banned from driving他已经被禁止开车。He was banned from attending that party.他被禁止去参加晚会。（2）n.禁止；禁令（an official order that forbids something from being used or done; prohibition）常用结构：a ban on. 对的禁止e.g.There is a ban on smoking in hospital.医院里禁止吸烟。即学即用：The chemical factory puts a _on smoking,that is to say,smoking is_in it.A.stop;banned B.ban;banned C.ban;stopped D.stop;stopped11. horrible adj.恐怖的；可怕的;令人讨厌的；极丑陋的There was a horrible accident here yesterday.昨天在这里发生了一起可怕的事故。What a horrible building!多难看的一座建筑物!这鬼天气!_. 12affect vt. 影响e.g.Smoking affects health. 吸烟影响健康。The change in climate may affect their health.气候的改变可能会影响他们的健康状况。(1).affect 指“产生的影响之大足以引起反应”,着重“影响”的动作, 有时含有“对.产生不利影响”的意思, 如:This article will affect my thinking.这篇文章将会影响我的思想。(2).effect 指“实现”、“达成”,着重“造成”一种特殊的效果, 如:This book effected a change in my opinion. 这本书使我的看法起了变化。(3).influence 指“通过说服、举例等对行动、思想、性格等产生不易觉察到的,潜移默化的影响”, 如:Influenced by a high-school biology teacher, he took up the study of medicine. 在一位中学生物教师的影响下, 他从事医学研究。13recognizevt.认出；听出；识别出（不用于进行时）e.g.Im sorry I didnt recognize you just now.不好意思，我刚才没认出你来。I didnt recognize her voice on the phone.我在电话里没听出她的声音。I recognized Peter although I hadnt seen him for 10 years.虽然我有10年没看到彼得了，但我认出了他。辨析：recognize与know recognize侧重辨认，认得曾见过或听过的人或事物，指再认过程。know指通过交往或接触而与某人或某事熟悉，而不表示再认。e.g.I know him, so I can recognize his voice on the telephone. 我熟悉他，所以我能在电话中听出他的声音。14. distraction n.1) 分心；注意力转移；精力不集中。driven to distraction 使发狂2) 分心的事；娱乐；消遣There are too many distractions in the hotel for me to work properly. _.二、句子解析1During the 1990s, people died as a result of smoking cigarettes. 在20世纪90年代，人们由于吸烟死亡。in/during the 1990s 在20世纪90年代e.g.He was born in the early 1970s.他出生于20世纪70年代初。The old bridge was built in the late 1890s.这座古桥建于19世纪90年代末。2Thirteen people die every hour from illnesses related to smoking tobacco, such as cancer, bronchitis and heart disease.每小时有13人死于与吸烟有关的疾病，像癌症、支气管炎、心脏病。（1）die of/from. 因而死若死因存在于人体之上或之内（主要指疾病、衰老等自身的原因)，一般用介词 of。e.g.die of illness (heart trouble, cancer, a fever, etc) 死于疾病 (心脏病、癌症、发烧等) 若死因不是存在人体之内或之上，而是由环境造成的(主要指事故等方面的外部原因)，一般用介词 from。e.g.die from an earthquake (a traffic accident, a lightning, a stroke, etc) 死于地震(交通事故、雷击等) 若死因是环境影响到体内，即两方面共有的原因，则可用 of, from 均可。e.g.die of from a drink (a wound, overwork, starvation, hunger and cold, etc) 死于饮酒(受伤，劳累过度，饥饿，饥寒等) 但是在实际运用中，两者混用的情况较多。归纳拓展：die away (声音，光等)消失，（风）停下来die down（火）渐熄，（草木）枯萎，凋谢die out 逐渐消失；绝种；（风俗，习惯）消失，消灭be dying for渴望，很想 be dying to do渴望做即学即用：He is dying_a drink. A.of B.from C.for D.withThis kind of animal has_in the world.A.died away B.died down C.died off D.died out（2）be related to.: be connected with.和有关系；与有亲缘关系relate to 涉及；有关；相处融洽 relating to(=about)关于e.g.This crime is related to drugs.该罪案和毒品有关。This heart attack may be related to his overwork.这次心脏病发作可能和他工作过劳有关。He is related to my family.他同我家有血缘关系。This text relates to environmental protection.这篇课文涉及环境保护。The two boys cant relate to each other.这两个男孩合不来。即学即用：This letter_（与有关）the sale of the house.All things_all other things.（事物是普遍联系的）。The plan_（与这项工程有关的）is under discussion.3I used to be a drug addict.我曾经使个瘾君子。used to be: something was true in the past but is not true now. 过去曾经是used to do sth: something happens regularly or all the time in the past but does not happen now. 过去常常做某事（现在不做了）e.g.He used to tell lies.他过去常常撒谎。（现在不撒谎了）She used to be an attractive lady.她曾经是位迷人的女郎（现在不是了）There used to be an old temple behind our school. 我们学校后面曾经有一座古庙。拓展：be/ get used to sth./ doing sth. 习惯做某事be used to do sth(be used for doing sth. )被用来做某事e.g.She is not used to the food in this country.她不习惯这个国家的食物。Are you used to living here? 你习惯住在这吗？This piece of wood can be used to make a small table/for making a small table.这块木头可被用来做个小桌子。即学即用：用所给词的正确形式填空 Im used to_(get)up early. He used to_(dance)until midnight. Wood can be used to_make) paper. The life he was used to_(change) a lot.辨一辨：would与used towould do something.表示过去经常发生，现在也可能经常发生。She would say“No pains,no gains”,when she was a teacher.used to do表示过去经常发生的动作或存在的状态，同时隐含有“现在已经改变”的意思。I used to live in the countryside.我过去住在农村。4.One day,he offered me some crack cocaine.offer vi.&vt.&n. 提议，提供Someone will offer you 20,000 yuan for your house.有人将出价20000元买你的房子。My classmates offer to help me with my English.我的同学愿意帮助我学英语。He offered his life for the country.他把生命献给了祖国。sth.提供，提出 sb. sth.offer sth. to sb.provide/supply sb. with sth.offer to do sth.主动提出做某事 sth. for money卖给某人要多少钱money for sth.出钱买东西sth. is offered/supplied/provided to sb.某物被提供给某人offer advice/suggestions/congratulations/the price.提出劝告/建议/表示祝贺/出价5.The next day,I broke into a house and stole a television and a video recorder.the next day第二天，类似的用法有：another day可表示近期将来的某一天，意为“改天”，也可表示过去或将来某一动作或状态延续的“又一天”the other day相当于a few days ago，意为“几天前”。句子用一般过去时。some day指将来“总有一天，有朝一日，终将”，谓语动词用一般将来时。one day可以表示“（过去）某一天”，谓语动词常用一般过去时；也可表示“（将来）某一天”，这时可与some day互相代替，谓语动词常用一般将来时。6Users who inject the drug are also in more danger if they share needles with other users.注射毒品的人如果和其他吸毒者共用针头，他们就更危险了。(1).injectThe doctor is giving an injection in his neck.医生正在给他的脖子打针。The government is prepared to inject money into the National Bank.政府准备把资金注入国家银行。【归纳拓展】inject vt.(常与with连用)注射；（常与into连用）注入(2).sharewith 和分享/分担/共同具有e.g.The three girls share one room.这三个女孩同住一间房。I shared my lunch with him.我把午餐分给他。Would you share your magazines with me? 我们一起看杂志好吗？7As a result, cocaine users sometimes have heart attacks. 所以，可卡因吸毒者有时会心脏病发作。as a result因此；结果as a result of因为；由于的结果（as a result of是介词短语，后面跟名词、代词、动词-ing形式，相当于because of）e.g.Many people helped him. As a result, he succeeded at last. 许多人帮助他，因此，他最后成功了。As a result of the flood, many people became homeless.由于这场洪水，许多人变得无家可归了。8.I n almost every US city and town,almost与nearly这两个词意思相近，肯定句中可以互用；一般来说，almost的差距比nearly小，在差一刻开午饭时可以说：Its nearly lunchtime.在差5分钟开午饭可以说：Its almost lunchtime.almost能和never,no, none,nothing,nobody,nowhere,too,more than等连用，这种情况下不能用nearly.nearly可以和not连用，not nearly是“远不如”的意思;但almost不和not单独连用 almost和nearly都可以用在行为动词的否定式之前：He almost(nearly) didnt hear what I said.他几乎没听清我说了什么。9.in the future/in future.Youd better not go out alone in future.No one knows what will happen in the future.【归纳拓展】in futurefrom now on今后in the futurein time yet to come将来二者均表示“将来”，可互换。但in future强调“从今以后”;而in the future着重表示将来。10.When you really want a cigarette-try the four Ds.英语中的缩写，数字，字母的复数常用加s的方法来构成，如：Ph.D.s哲学博士们/three As 3个A1990s 20世纪90年代上列复数形式也可不加 ,如As,1990s11.Whatever youre doing when you want to smoke-do something else!whatever/whoever/whomever/whichever即可以引导名词性从句，即主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句，也可以引导让步状语从句，在引导让步状语从句时等同于no matter what/who/whom/which.Whoever walks around in such a heavy rain will catch a cold.任何在这种大雨中行走的人都会感冒。Whoever/No matter who says so,it is wrong.不管谁这样说，那都是错误的。Whoever/No matter who asks him for advice,he is always ready to help.不管谁来求助于他，他都乐于帮助。 三、语法点拨1不定式作状语（1）不定式作目的状语，即to do .表示“为了”。e.g.He is saving up to buy a new computer.他在攒钱要买一台新电脑。I came here to tell you something.我到这来是为了告诉你点事情。（2）不定式前面加上in order to或so as to，否定形式in order not to和so as not to，即in order to/ not to do和so as to/ not to do的形式，也表示“为了”，是to do.的强调形式。其中so as to/not to do.的结构不能置于句首。e.g.She worked very hard in order not to lose this chance.I went to the book store so as to buy some latest novels.我去书店是为了买一些最新的小说。（3）不定式表示目的时，通常它的逻辑主语就是句子的主语，但如果不是的话，就要用for.结构表示逻辑主语。I brought here several magazines for the children to read.我带来一些杂志以便这些孩子阅读。The teachers are using new teaching methods for students to make greater progress.这些老师正在使用新的教学方法以便学生取得更大的进步。（4）不定式还可以作结果或原因状语表结果：e.g.The hall is large enough to hold two hundred people.这个大厅非常大，足够容纳200人。She went abroad, never to return.她去了国外，再也没有回来。He grew up to be a great musician.他长大后成了伟大的音乐家。The boy is too young to go to school.这男孩太小还不能去上学。I tried again, only to fail.我又试了一次，又失败了。表原因：e.g.Im very glad to see you again.我很高兴再次见到你。She was surprised to hear the news.听到这个消息，她很吃惊。You must be very happy to have found your lost car.你的车失而复得，一定非常高兴。2结果状语从句（1）so.that.和such.that.（如此以至于）引导的结果状语从句。e.g.The black horse ran so fast that all the other horses were left behind. 这匹黑马跑的太快，结果所有其它的马都被落在了后面。It was such loud music that we couldnt hear ourselves speak.这音乐声大得我们都听不到自己讲话。She is so lovely a girl that all of us like her very much.她那么可爱，我们都非常喜欢她。It was such a frightening snake that no one dared get close to it.这条蛇很吓人，结果无人敢接近它。（2）so 的后面跟形容词或副词。e.g.She was so tired that she went to bed without any supper. 她累坏了，结果没吃晚饭就上床睡觉了。They played so happily that they forgot the time.他们玩得非常开心，以至于忘记了时间。（3）such 后面跟名词。e.g.It was such a nice day that we all felt like playing outside.天气这么好，我们都想出去玩。This is such an easy question that a child can answer it.这问题很容易，连孩子都回答的出来。（4）so many/much/few/little + n. 是固定搭配，表示“如此多/少”，其中，many, few修饰可数名词，much, little修饰不可数名词。e.g.Father bought me so many books that I couldnt finish reading them all within the summer holiday.爸爸给我买了这么多书，我不可能在暑假全部读完。There was so little food left that we had to starve the next day.只有这么一点食物，我们第二天不得不挨饿了。I havent seen such little animals eat so many insects. 我从没见过这么小的动物吃这么多的昆虫。（5）某些不定式作状语的句子可转换成结果状语从句e.g.She is such a good student as to be liked by all her classmates.= She is such a good student that she is liked by all her classmates.她是非常好的学生，所有的同学都喜欢她。He was so clever as to think out a wonderful solution.= He was so clever that he thought out a wonderful solution. 他非常聪明，想出了一个绝妙的解决办法。四练习1.The_soldier told us his past days.Before long he _.His _made us very sad.A.dying;died;death B.dying;death;diedC.dead;died;dying D.died;dead;death2.A library with five thousand books_to the nation as a gift.A.is offered B.has offered C.are offered D.have offered3.Thank you for_to help,but I can manage it myself.A.providing B.supplying C.giving D.offering4._,most married women stayed home to keep house and take care of children.Which one is not correct?A.In the 1950s B.During the 1950s C.At the 1950s D.During the 1950s5.I advise you not to eat fruit that isnt ripe_.A.in the future B.in future C.for future D.for the future6.Its nearly ten oclock and father_walk in at any moment.A.is possible to B.is maybe to C.is likely to D.is able to7.Look,dark clouds are gathering.It is_to rain soon.A.probably B.possibly C.likely D.perhaps8.China_the third world is greater now.A.belongs B.belongs to C.belonging to D.belonged toKeys:1.A.2.A3.D.4.C.5.B.6.C.7.C.8.C111
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