资源描述
Section Grammar & Writing,写作专题突破,Unit 1,语法专题突破,Section ,语法专题突破,主语从句 一、定义 主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。 二、引导主语从句的连接词有三类,1连词：that，whether That he will attend the meeting has excited everyone of us. 他要来参加会议使我们每一个人都十分激动。 Whether the work can be completed on time is doubtful. 这项工作能否按时完成还不一定呢。 2连接代词：who，whom，whose，what，which，whoever，whatever，whichever等。,Who killed the scientist remains a question. 谁杀死了那位科学家，仍然是个问题。 What he wanted to see was an end to all the armies of the world. 他所想看到的是世界上所有军队全部消亡。 3连接副词：when，where，why，how 连接副词在从句中充当状语，不能省略。 Why he didnt come here is not clear to everyone. 他为什么没来谁也不清楚。,When the broadcast station will be ready is unknown. 广播站将于何时竣工目前还不知道。 Where we will go hasnt been decided. 我们要去哪儿还没定下来。 三、用it作形式主语的主语从句 1可以用it作形式主语的主语从句 如果主语从句太长，为避免句子结构头重脚轻，我们可用it作形式主语，而把主语从句放在主句谓语部分之后，尤其是当主句的谓语动词是连系动词时。,It is a pity that you didnt go to see the film with me yesterday. 很遗憾你昨天没有和我去看电影。 It is almost certain that their government will lose the next election. 他们的政府在下次选举中将失利，这几乎是肯定的。 It hasnt been decided whether the meeting will be held tomorrow. 明天是否要开这个会还没定下来。,【特别提醒】 连接代词what，whoever，whatever，whichever等引导的主语从句不宜用it作形式主语。 What is worth doing is worth doing well. 凡是值得做的事就值得把它做好。 Whatever was said here has left us much to think. 这里所说的一切都让我们深思。 Whoever comes will be welcome. 谁来都欢迎。,2必须用it作形式主语的主语从句 在某些特定结构中，我们一般不将主语从句位于句首，而需用it作形式主语，把主语从句后置。 (1)It is said/reported.结构中的主语从句不可提前。 It is said that everything Picassos brush touched turned gold. 据说毕加索的画笔刷过的所有东西都能变成金子。 It is reported that China has sent another manmade earth satellite into orbit. 据报道中国又成功地发射了一颗人造地球卫星。,(2)It happens.或It occurs to.结构中的主语从句不可提前。 It happened that I didnt take any money with me. 碰巧我身上没带钱。 It never occurred to him that he would get into trouble. 他根本没想到他会陷入困境。 (3)It doesnt matter how/whether.结构中的主语从句不可提前。 It doesnt matter whether he is wrong or not. 他是对还是错没多大关系。,(4)含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。 Is it likely that it will rain in the evening? 晚上可能会下雨吗？ (5)当主语从句出现在感叹句中时，宜用it作形式主语。 What a shame it is that you cannot stay for dinner! 你不能留下来吃饭多可惜呀！,常见的用形式主语it引导的主语从句结构有： It is no wonder that. 难怪 Its a pity that. 很遗憾 It happened that. 碰巧 It turned out that. 结果 It is probable that. 很可能 It is said that. 据说 It is reported that. 据报道 It is well known that. 众所周知 It is thought that. 人们认为 It occurred to me that. 我刚刚想到,.完成句子 1(2011年高考北京卷改编)Barbara Jones展现给她的粉丝们的是诚实和快乐。 _ is honesty and happiness. 答案：What Barbara Jones offers to her fans,2(2011年高考重庆卷改编)那个旧公交车站是否应该被一家现代化宾馆所取代仍在讨论中。 _ is still under discussion _ the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel _. 答案：It；whether；or not 3(2010年高考浙江卷改编)尽管大约有两千名病人服用过这种药物，但是，它会带来什么样的副作用还不确定。 _ side effect the medicine will bring about，although about two thousand patients have taken it. 答案：It is uncertain what,4(2010年高考北京卷改编)被一些人认为是不利/足的(东西)，被其他一些人认为是有利/益的。 _some people regard as a drawback is seen as a plus by many others. 答案：What 5(2010年高考陕西卷改编)我真想不到你竟然说服了他，使他改变了主意。 _ you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind. 答案：It never occurred to me that,6(2011年高考江苏卷改编)那个人为什么没尽快地报道那场意外事故还没弄清楚。 _the man hadnt reported the accident sooner. 答案：It was never clear why 7她告诉我，对她来说最重要的是她的家庭。 _，she told me，was her family. 答案：What was most important to her,8不管谁住宾馆都得各付各的账。 _ in a hotel _ pay _ own way. 答案：Whoever wants to stay；has to；their 9现已证明童年时期多吃蔬菜有助于晚年时预防一些重病的发生。 _ eating vegetables in childhood helps to protect you against serious illnesses in later life. 答案：It has been proved that,10在英语学习中最重要的是要有足够的练习。 _ in learning English _ enough practice. 答案：What matters most；is 11别人如何看你与你无关，相信自己。 _ other people think about you.Believe in yourself. 答案：It is none of your business what,12(2011年扬州高一检测改编)让我烦恼的是简从不按时归还她借的书。 _ Jane never returns the books she borrows on time. 答案：What annoys me is that 13(2011年马鞍山高一检测改编)我们确信的是有必要防止儿童被宠坏了。 _ the need to prevent children from being spoiled. 答案：What we are sure about is,14一个人是怎么死的不重要，重要的是他是怎么活着的。 _ matters little _a man dies，but _ matters much more _he lives. 答案：It；how；what；is how 15据报道，五月份由于大雨南方的很多地区被淹。 _ many districts in the south in May have been flooded by heavy rain. 答案：It is reported that,.用适当的词填空 1_ he wants is othersunderstanding. 2_ she wants to leave is obvious. 3_ well go camping is not decided. 4_ wants to buy the train tickets must show his identity card during Spring Festival. 5_ team will be the champion in the 2010 FIFA World Cup in South Africa is a hot issue.,6_ she says is the same to me. 7_ worries him a lot that his mother is seriously ill. 8It is natural that you _ be nervous at sight of such a terrible scene. 9It remains to be seen _ his conclusion is right. 10_ this new film will be brought in is not clear. 答案：1.What 2.That 3.Whether 4.Whoever 5Which 6.Whatever 7.It 8.should/不填 9Whether 10.When,写作专题突破,突破话题Zhang Heng 【写作内容】 请根据下列要点，简单介绍我国著名的天文学家张衡。 1张衡是我国(东汉时期)著名的天文学家，公元78年生于河南南阳，逝于公元139年； 2公元123年校正日历；132年发明了地动仪；,3为了纪念张衡的功绩，人们将月球背面的一环形山命名为“张衡环形山”，将小行星1802命名为“张衡小行星”。 参考词汇：日历calendar；地动仪seismograph； 环形山ringed mountain；小行星asteroid 【写作要求】 1只能使用5个句子来表达全部内容。 2可以适当增减细节，以使行文连贯。,【要点词汇】 1天文学家_ 2贡献_ 3发明_ 4为了_ 5被命名为_ 6区别，辨别_ 答案：1.an astronomer and geographer 2.contribution 3invent 4.in order to 5.be named. 6.distinguish,【句式结构】 1张衡，我国(东汉时期)著名的天文学家，公元78年出生于河南南阳，逝于公元139年。 Zhang Heng，_ Nanyang in Henan Province in 78 AD and _ 139 AD，_ a great astronomer and geographer of the Eastern Han Dynasty.,2公元132年他发明了地动仪；地动仪能辨出500公里之外的地震的方向。 In 132 AD he _ the first seismograph，_ could _ the main direction of an earthquake about 500 kilometers _. 答案：1.who was born in；died in；was 2invented；which；distinguish；away,【连句成篇】 _ _ _ _,【佳作欣赏】 Zhang Heng，who was born in Nanyang in Henan Province in 78 AD and died in 139 AD，was a great astronomer and geographer of the Eastern Han Dynasty. Zhangs greatest contributions were in the field of astronomy.In 123 AD he corrected the calendar to bring it into line with the seasons.In 132 AD he invented the first seismograph，which could distinguish the main direction of an earthquake about 500 kilometers away.,In order to remember this great ancient Chinese astronomer and geographer，a ringed mountain on the back of the moon was named “Zhang Heng Ringed Mountain” and the No.1802 asteroid was named “Zhang Heng Asteroid”,【名师点评】 范文严格按照题目要求，对我国东汉时期著名的天文学家和地理学家张衡以及他的巨大贡献进行了简单的介绍，同时写出了人们如何纪念这位伟大的天文学家。短文运用较高级词汇和较复杂句式，行文连贯，层次清晰。同时，词汇和语法运用正确，句式结构变化多样。是一篇较好的介绍人物的英语作文。,【佳句背诵】 1Zhang Heng，who was born in Nanyang in Henan Province in 78 AD and died in 139 AD，was a great astronomer and geographer of the Eastern Han Dynasty. 2In 132 AD he invented the first seismograph，which could distinguish the main direction of an earthquake about 500 kilometers away.,3In order to remember this great ancient Chinese astronomer and geographer，a ringed mountain on the back of the moon was named“Zhang Heng Ringed Mountain”and the No.1802 asteroid was named “Zhang Heng Asteroid”,Our geography teacher says the earth is only one of the planets of the giant solar system.Unlike other planets，life exists on the earth，but lifes origin is still a puzzle.Different religious and cultures have separate ideas.The teacher says it may be divided into four stages.,The first stage is about how the universe began. A widely accepted theory can explain it.After the “Big Bang” broke out，atom began to form and combine to create stars and other bodies. The second stage is how the earth formed.Between 4.5 and 3.8 billions years ago，clouds of dust floating in space settled into a solid globe.,The earth became violent that it often exploded.The atmosphere and water appeared.Water is a fundamental matter for life to exist on the earth.It also dissolves harmful gases and acids.The third stage is about plants and animals appearance.At first，plants in the water appeared and multiplied.They produced oxygen，which encourages animals in the water to exist.Later，green plants on the land caused animals on the land to appear.,我们的地理老师说地球只是广阔的太阳系的一颗行星而已。不像其他的行星，地球上有生命存在，但生命的起源依旧是一个 谜。不同的宗教和文化有各 自的看法。老师说它可以分 为四个阶段。,第一个阶段是关于宇宙是怎样诞生的。一个被普遍接受的理论可以解释它。“大爆炸”发生后，原子开始形成并结合形成恒星和其他天体。第二个阶段是地球是怎样形成的。大约在3845亿年前，漂浮在太空中的尘埃逐渐形成一个固体的球状物。地球活动剧烈，而且经常爆炸。大气层和水出现。水是生命存在的最基本的物质。它同时也溶解有害气体和酸性物质。第三个阶段是关于植物和动物的出现。首先，水生植物出现并繁殖。他们产生氧气，这使水生动物存在。,后来，陆生植物使陆生动物出现。它们刚开始产卵，然后成为幼仔。后来，哺乳动物直接生仔。最后一个阶段是人类成为地球上最重要的动物。我们把大量的二氧化碳释放到大气层里，导致了全球变暖。我们必须密切注视事情的进展，制定法律阻止地球变得太热。既然我们已采取措施，我们最终会成功的。让我们振作起来一起努力吧。,本部分内容讲解结束,点此进入课件目录,按ESC键退出全屏播放,谢谢使用,同学们,来学校和回家的路上要注意安全,同学们,来学校和回家的路上要注意安全,
展开阅读全文