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Module 4 Unit 12 Culture Shock,重点单词,1throw vt.投，掷，抛；投射(阴影)；投入 【精讲拓展】 throw away浪费；坐失(良机) throw off匆匆脱掉；摆脱掉 throw oneself into投身于，积极从事 throw doubt on使人对产生怀疑 throw light on/upon使某事显得非常清楚，使人明白,【典型例句】 He threw himself into his work heart and soul.他全身心地投入到工作中。 The scientist throws doubt on the result.那位科学家对结果产生怀疑。 It was so hot that I threw off my blanket.天太热，我掀掉了毯子。 美国传统 My father threw away a chance to make a fortune.我父亲错过了发财的机会。 美国传统,即学即用,翻译句子 他错过了一个绝好的机会。 _,He threw away an excellent chance.,2owe vi.&vt.欠(债)；感激；感恩；把归功于(to)；由于 【精讲拓展】 owe sb.sth.owe sth.to sb.欠某人某物 owe sth.to把归功于，受到的恩惠 owe it to oneself to do认为自己有必要做，认为自己有责 任做owing to 因为，由于 【典型例句】,I owe you for your help.由于你的帮助，我还得谢谢你。 朗文当代 She owes her good health to exercise.她把自己的健康归因于锻炼身体。 美国传统 We couldnt get there in time owing to an accident. 由于发生了事故，我们没能及时赶到那里。 朗文当代 I owe a debt of gratitude to all my family.我很感激我的全家人。 朗文当代,即学即用,_do we owe the discovery of the oil field? AWhat BWho CTo whom DFor what,解析：句意为：这块油田的发现该归功于谁？owe sth.to sb.把归功于。 答案：C 3apologize vi.道歉，认错 【精讲拓展】 apologize to sb.for sth./doing sth.因某事向某人道歉 make an apology to sb.for sth.因某事向某人道歉 accept sb.s apology接受某人的道歉 owe sb.an apology应向某人道歉 offer/demand an apology主动/要求道歉,【典型例句】 Please accept our sincere apologies.请接受我们真诚的道歉。 朗文当代 I apologize for being so angry with you.对和你生气这件事，我向你道歉。 朗文当代 I demand a public apology from you.我要求你公开道歉。 朗文当代 Did he apologize to you for being late？他为迟到的事向你道歉了吗？ 美国传统,即学即用,You must apologize_your teacher_what you have done. A/；for Bfor；to Cto；/ Dto；for 解析：句意为：你必须为你的所做所为向老师道歉。 答案：D 4afford vt.买得起；有能力支付(常与can，could，be able to连用) 【精讲拓展】 afford sth.买得起，负担得起 afford to do担负得起(损失，费用，后果)；足以,afford sb.sth.afford sth.to sb.给予某人某物 afford sth.提供(一般只用于抽象事物) 【典型例句】 If we save our money，we can afford a new TV set. 如果我们存钱，就能买一台新电视机。 美国传统 Music affords her pleasure.音乐给她带来快乐。 朗文当代 This window affords a view of the mountains.从这扇窗户能看到群山。 美国传统 Can you afford the time？你能抽出时间么？ 朗文当代,即学即用,翻译句子 那些日子里他们请不起医生。(afford) _,In those days they couldnt afford a doctor.,5absorb vt.吸收；理解；掌握；承受；使专心 【精讲拓展】 absorb ones attention吸引某人的注意力 be absorbed in专心致志于 be absorbed by被吞并；为所吸收,【典型例句】 A paper towel absorbed the water.纸巾吸干了水。美国传统 My job after school absorbs all of my time.我的课余工作占据了我的全部时间。 美国传统 I havent absorbed what he said.我还没弄懂他说的一切。 朗文当代,即学即用,Everyone was_in the game and no one noticed my coming. Adevoted Babsorbing Cabsorbed Ddevoting 解析：句意为：所有人都在专心致志打游戏，谁也没注意到我的到达。be devoted tobe absorbed in意为“专心致志于”。 答案：C,6.exchange vt.交换，更换，兑换 n交换；外汇；交易所 【精讲拓展】 exchange information/ideas 交流信息/想法 exchange.for.以换 exchange sth.with sb.和某人交换某物 in exchange for作为交换，对的交换,【典型例句】 Where can I exchange my dollars for pounds？我在哪儿可以把美元兑换成英镑？ 朗文当代 I exchanged the tie for a belt at the store.我在商店里把领带换成皮带。 美国传统 What will you give me in exchange？你给我什么作为交换呢？ 朗文当代,即学即用,翻译句子 用我的旧电视机换这架照相机，你愿意吗？ _,Would you like my old TV in exchange for this camera?,7request vt.&n.要求；请求 【精讲拓展】 request sth.要求某事 request to do sth.要求做 request sb.to do sth.要求某人干事 request that从句 从句的动词用(should)动词原形 at sb.s request应某人的要求/请求 in request 为人们所需要，受欢迎 【典型例句】 Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.参观者请勿触 摸展品。 朗文当代 We requested that the next meeting be held on a Friday. 我们要求下次会议星期五举行。 剑桥高阶,He was transferred to another department at his own request. 应本人的要求他被调到别的部门去了。 朗文当代 These white socks have been much in request lately.这种白色短袜近来很行销。 朗文当代,即学即用,They made a request that the prisoners_set free. Abe Bshould Cwould be Dwill be 解析：句意为：他们要求释放犯人。request作为名词后接表语从句、同位语从句时，从句的动词用(should)动词原形。 答案：A,8remind vt.提醒；使记起，使想起 【精讲拓展】 remind sb./sth.使想起，使记起 remind sb.sth.提醒某人某事 remind sb.of sth./doing sth.使某人想起/记起某事 remind sb.to do sth.提醒某人干某事 remind sb.that.提醒某人 【典型例句】 What he had said reminded me of my hometown.他的话使我想起我的家乡。 朗文当代 I rang Jill and reminded her(that)the conference had been cancelled. 我给吉尔打电话提醒她会议已经取消了。 剑桥高阶,Let me remind you what we are looking for.让我提醒你我们要找什么。 朗文当代 Please remind me to post this letter.请提醒我寄这封信。剑桥高阶,即学即用,翻译句子 那些照片使我想起了我的学校岁月。 _,The pictures remind me of my school days.,9.attach vt.系，贴；连接；使附属；重视 【精讲拓展】 attach.to.把固定在，把附在 attach oneself to.使成为一部分，使在一起，使依附 attach to与有关联，附属，附加,be attached to依恋，爱慕，附属于 【典型例句】 All blame must attach to myself.一切责任应由本人承担。 朗文当代 Being on his own，he attached himself to a noisy group at the bar. 因为就一个人，他跟酒吧里一群闹哄哄的人搭上了话。剑桥高阶 I attached a wire to the radio.我在收音机上接了一根电线。 朗文当代 The children are very attached to their grandparents.孩子们非常依恋他们的祖父母。 剑桥高阶,即学即用,翻译句子 他十分喜爱他的女儿。(attach) _,He is very attached to his daughter.,重点短语,1set out开始，动身，出发；着手 set about着手，(开始)做 set sb. an example为某人树立榜样 set foot in/on登上；涉足；访问 set off出发，动身；引起 set.free释放 be set in(故事)发生在；以为背景 set sail启航 set in(雨等恶劣天气)到来，开始 set aside储蓄；把放在一边,【典型例句】 They set out to work as soon as they arrived.他们一到达就开始工作。 朗文当代 This rain looks as if it has set in for the rest of the day.看来今天雨不会停。 剑桥高阶 Theyve just set off on a roundtheworld cruise.他们刚刚出发去作一次环球巡游。 剑桥高阶 Lets set aside our personal feelings.让我们抛开个人情绪。 朗文当代,即学即用,用适当的词完成句子 He set _washing his car. Ill set_to prepare supper.,about,out,We all set _/_for New York next Tuesday. Do be careful with these fireworks，the slightest spark could set them_. The novel is set_ the 17th century Spain.,off,out,off,in,2turn out结果是，后来是，被证明是 turn about转过身来 turn aside闪开，让开；偏离 turn away转过脸去；驱逐；拒绝 turn back阻止，阻挡 turn down拒绝 turn in上缴，归还 turn off关；解雇 turn over翻阅；移交,turn to求助；翻到(页)，着手，致力于 turn up出席；发生,【典型例句】 The day turned out (to be)fine.结果那天是晴天。 朗文当代 When they show an operation on TV，I have to turn away. 电视上播手术过程时，我只能转脸不看。 剑桥高阶 Something unexpected has turned up.发生了没有料到的事。 朗文当代 She has turned the article into English.她已把这篇文章译成英语。 朗文当代 Please turn your old parking permits in at the end of the week. 请于本周末交回旧的停车证。 剑桥高阶,即学即用,完成句子 All of a sudden he turned_and saw me. He turned_pretending not to see me. The wheel of history cannot be turned_. I have to turn_your offer. He turned_a page or two，but was not interested.,about,back,aside,down,over,重点句型,It is.who/that 【精讲拓展】 强调句型是对句中某一成分(主语、宾语、状语)加以强调，如果被强调的成分是人，则用who/that；如果被强调的部分是其它成分时，只用that。,I met John in the street yesterday.我昨天在街上遇见了约翰。 (1)强调主语 It was I that/who met John in the street yesterday.是我昨天在街上遇见约翰。 (2)强调宾语 It was John that I met in the street yesterday.我昨天在街上遇见的是约翰。 (3)强调地点状语 It was in the street that I met John yesterday.是在街上昨天我遇见了约翰。 (4)强调时间状语 It was yesterday that I met John in the street.是昨天我在街上遇见了约翰。,强调句型的注意点： (1)被强调的代词格应与原句的格相一致 It is him that I want to see.(强调see后的宾语) (2)被强调部分若是主语，who/that后的谓语动词须在人称和数上 与主语相一致。 It is I whom am to blame.这全怪我。 (3)It还可指时间、天气、环境等。 It was three oclock when I came back. 当我回来的时候已是三点了。 但：It was at three oclock that I came back.(强调句型) 是在三点钟我回来的。 (4)强调“直到才”It is/was not until.that It was not until the dinner was ready that he came back. 晚饭做好了他才回来。,名师原创,1He_poor all his life. Awent on Bcontinued Cinsisted Dremained 解析：句意为：他一生都贫穷。remain为系动词后接形容词作表语。 答案：D 2The experiment_to be_. Aturned out；great success Bturned out；a great success Cturned into；greatly successful Dturned up；great success 解析：句意为：实验的结果很成功。turn out表“结果，被证明是”；turn up表“开大，出现”；turn into表“变成”；success抽象名,词具体化时要加不定冠词a/an。 答案：B,3Where was it_the road accident happened yesterday? Awhen Bthat Cwhich Dhow 解析：句意为：昨天是在哪里发生了道路交通事故？该句是疑问句的强调句型。 答案：B 4Science and technology have_in important ways to the improvement of agricultural production. Aattached Bassisted Ccontributed Dwitnessed 解析：句意为：科学技术对农业生产的提高有很重要的贡献。 attach表“系上，附上”，assist表“帮助”，witness表“目睹”。 答案：C,5Do you know you_an apology to me？You should do that immediately. Oh，sorry. Agave Bmade Cowe Down 解析：句意为：“你知道应该向我道歉吗？你必须马上道歉。”“噢，对不起。”owe sth.to sb.表“欠某人某物”。 答案：C 6Can Li Hua help me with my English? I regret to tell you her English is_yours. Aas good as Bno more than Cmore better than Dno better than 解析：句意为：“李华能帮助我学英语吗？”“我遗憾地告诉你她的英语和你的一样差。”no better than表“与一样不好”。 答案：D,7I_everyone make full use of time. Awish Bhope Cwant Dsuggest 解析：句意为：我建议每个人都应该充分利用时间，根据从句的动词make用原形可知主句的动词必须后接虚拟语气的动词。 答案：D 8What should I wear to attend his birthday party? Dress_you like. Awhat Bhowever Cwhatever Dhow 解析：句意为：“我该穿什么去参加他的生日舞会？”“你爱怎么穿都可以”。dress后不能接something作宾语，只能用somebody作宾语，故A、C不能选。这是一个用however引导的让步状语从句。 答案：B,9It seems_the trouble lies. Athat Bhere Cwhere Dthere 解析：句意为：这就是问题之所在。where引导一表语从句，在从句中作状语。 答案：C 10Are you satisfied with his answer? Not at all.It couldnt have been_. Athe worst Bbetter Cworse Dso bad 解析：句意为：“你对他的回答满意吗？”“一点也不。没有比这更差的回答了。”否定词not/never与比较级连用表最高级“没有比这更”。 答案：C,11He sold his car_$2,000. Aby Bwith Cfor Din 解析：句意为：他以两千美元的价格卖掉了他的车。for后可接价格。 答案：C,虚拟语气常表说话人的愿望、假设、猜测或建议而不表示客观存在的事实。 一、虚拟语气在条件状语从句的运用 1与现在事实相反,2.与过去事实相反,3.与将来事实相反,朗文在线 (1)If I were you，I should study English.如果我是你，我会学英语的。 (2)She would have gone to the party if she had been invited last night. 如果受到邀请，她昨晚就去参加晚会了。,(3)If it were to rain tomorrow，the meeting would be put off.如果明天下雨，会议就会推迟。 条件虚拟语气的注意点： 1当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间来调整。 If you had gone to a doctor，you would be all right now. 要是你当时去看了医生的话，那你现在就好了。 (从句是对过去的虚拟，主句是对现在的虚拟) 2在虚拟条件句中，可将if省略，而将were/had/should提前，句子实行倒装。 Had you been here earlier，you would have seen him.要是你早点到这儿，你会见到他的。 Were it not for the expense，I would go to Italy.要不是费用的问题，我会去意大利的。,3隐含虚拟语气，即用介词短语或其它形式代替条件句， But for your help，I couldnt have done it on time.要不是你的帮助，我是无法按时做完这事的。 He was very busy yesterday；otherwise he would have come to the party. 昨天他很忙，否则的话他会来参加这次舞会的。 二、虚拟语气中的常见句型 1had hoped/thought/intendedthat从句，表示“本来希望/想要/打算”。宾语从句的谓语常用would动词原形。 I had thought he would come.我本来以为他会来的。 2wish宾语从句，常表不能或难以实现的愿望。 (1)表现在不能实现的愿望，从句谓语用过去式。 I wish it were spring all the year round.我希望全年都是春天,(2)表将来不能实现的愿望，从句谓语用could/would动词原形。 I wish you could go with us tomorrow.我希望明天你能跟我们一道走。 (3)表过去没能实现的愿望，从句谓语用had done。 I wish I hadnt wasted my time when I was young.我希望我年轻时没浪费那么多的时光。 注意：It is/was wished that从句或wish作为名词，后接表语从句，同位语从句时，也要采用以上三种形式的虚拟语气。 3在动词insist，command，recommend，prefer，urge，order，suggest，propose，advise，demand，desire，request，require，arrange等表“命令，建议、要求”后接宾语从句，从句的动词用(should)动词原形。但suggest表“暗示”、“表明”；insist表“力言，强调、坚持说”时后接宾语从句，宾语从句不用虚拟语气。,He demanded that we (should)start right away.他要求我们立刻动身出发。 I suggest he not go tomorrow.我建议他明天不要去。 Mike insisted that he had never stolen anything.Mike坚持说他从没偷过东西。 注意：It is desired/suggested/decided/ordered/requested (表“命令、建议、要求”)that 从句或其它名词的形式，出现如advice，idea，order，demand，proposal，suggestion，request后接表语从句、同位语从句时，从句的动词必须用(should)动词原形。 My idea is that we (should)do exercises first.我的看法是先做完作业。 It is my order that you (should)finish the work ahead of time.我要求你们要提前完成这项工作。,4It is necessary/important/natural/strange/funny/surprising等that从句。 (1)若从句表惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此时，从句用虚拟，即从句的动词用(should)动词原形，should可译为“应该”或“竟然”。 (2)若不表示以上的情感，也可用陈述语气。 It is strange that he (should) say so.这就怪了，他居然说出那样的话。 It is necessary that we should clean the room every day.我们每天打扫房间，这是必需的。 5It is a pity/a shame/no wonder that从句。 若表示一种强烈情感时，从句的动词用should动词原形；若不表示这种情感，可用陈述语气。 It was a pity that you should be so careless.真遗憾，他竟然如此粗心。,6It is (high/about)time(that)从句。 从句的动词用过去式或should动词原形(should不可省) It is time that children went to bed.孩子们该睡觉了。 7用于as if/as though引导的表语从句或状语从句中。 (1)对过去的虚拟，从句动词用过去完成式。 He speaks as if he had been there before.他说起话来好像以前到过那儿似的。 (2)对现在的虚拟，从句的动词用过去式。 He talks as if he knew everything.他说起来好像什么都知道似的。 (3)对将来的虚拟，动词用would/could动词原形。 The man looked very worried as if something would happen to him. 那个人显得很焦虑，好像要发生什么事情似的。,注意：It looks as if/as though引导的表语从句若表示真实情况，不用虚拟。 It looks as if it is going to rain.天看起来要下雨 8would rather从句，从句用虚拟语气。 (1)对现在、将来虚拟，从句动词用过去式。 I would rather you came tomorrow.我宁愿你明天来。 (2)对过去虚拟，从句动词用过去完成式。 I would rather you had stayed with us yesterday，but you left. 我倒想你昨天与我们在一起但是你走了。,语法专练,1There was plenty of time.She_. Amustnt have hurried Bneednt hurry Cmustnt hurry Dneednt have hurried,解析：句意为：当时时间充足，她根本不必那么急的。neednt have done表虚拟“本来不必”。 答案：D 2His order that everyone_hand in the exercisebooks is correct. Acan Bmay Cshall Dshould 解析：句意为：他要求所有人把作业交上去，这是正确的。order后接同位语从句时，从句用虚拟。 答案：D 3It is_that he repair the machine in a new way. Acertain Bsure Csuggested Dtrue 解析：句意为：建议他按新方法修理这台机器。由于从句的动词用了原形，所以前面必须是带虚拟语气作宾语的动词。 答案：C,4You see，hes failed again.You_him more help. Aought to give Bought have given Cought to have given Dshould give 解析：句意为：瞧，他又失败了，你本该给他更多帮助的。ought to have done表“本来应该但”。 答案：C 5Had I known it，I_him at that time. Ashould tell Bought to tell Cwould tell Dwould have told 解析：句意为：要是我知道这件事，当时我就告诉他了，从前面句子看是一个省略if而倒装的过去虚拟语气，故主句用would have done。 答案：D,6.If he_hurt his legs yesterday，he_visit the Great Wall with us now. Ahadnt；wouldnt Bdidnt；wouldnt Chadnt；were to Dhadnt；would 解析：句意为：要是他昨天不伤着腿的话，那他现在就和我们一起在游览长城了。从句意看，从句是对过去的虚拟，故用had done，而主句是对现在的虚拟用would动词原形。 答案：D 7But for your help，I_yesterday. Ahadnt succeeded Bwouldnt succeed Cdidnt succeed Dwouldnt have succeeded 解析：句意为：要不是你的帮助，我昨天是无法成功的。but for表“要不是”，相当于一个虚拟条件句，主句是对过去的虚拟。 答案：D,8_it would stop snowing! AIf only BOnly if CEven if DBut for 解析：句意为：要是雪现在不下了就好了。if only表“要是就好了”，句子常用虚拟。对现在、将来的虚拟从句动词常用过去式或could/would动词原形，对过去的虚拟，从句的动词用过去完成式。 答案：A 9She wishes her husband_to come over. Awill manage Bcould manage Cmanage Dshould manage 解析：句意为：她希望她丈夫能苏醒过来。wish后接宾语从句用虚拟，对将来的虚拟从句动词用could/would动词原形。 答案：B,10Its high time that he_rid of his bad habit. Aget Bgot Cgets Dhad got 解析：句意为：是该他去掉坏习惯的时候了。Its(high/about)time that从句，从句的动词要用过去式或should动词原形。 答案：B,1Some insisted that we_an English evening at weekend；yet some insisted that they_ no interest in it at all. Ashould hold；take Bwere going to hold；show Chold；took Dwould hold；would show,解析：句意为：有些人坚持认为我们应该在周末举行一次英语晚会，但有些人说他们一点也不感兴趣。insist表“强调，坚持说”时，从句不用虚拟；表“坚持认为，坚决主张”时，从句用虚拟。 答案：C 2His illness was too serious，otherwise he_saved. Acould be Bcouldnt have been Ccould have been Dcould have 解析：句意为：当时他的病太严重，否则的话他会得救的。could have done表对过去的虚拟。 答案：C 3My little sister is only twelve，but she talks as if she _the Long March. Ahas taken part in Btook part in Ctake part in Dhad taken part in,解析：句意为：我小妹妹只有十二岁，可说起话来好像参加过长征似的。as if从句后动词用过去完成式表示对过去的虚拟。 答案：D 4We_that Mr.Green should be here tomorrow. Ahope Bwish Cexpect Ddemand 解析：句意为：我们要求格林先生明天在这儿。根据从句中的动词用should动词原形可知，只有demand后的宾语从句用虚拟。 答案：D 5The rule requires that everyone_his car checked once a year. Ahave Bhas Chad Dwill have 解析：句意为：按规定所有人的车辆必须每年进行一次检查。require后接从句，从句的动词用(should)动词原形。 答案：A,【例1】 Shall we have our picnic tomorrow? _it doesnt rain.(2009山东，32) AUntil BWhile COnce DIf 【解题方法指导】 考查连词。根据上下文可知答语意为“如果不下雨，我们就去野营”，故四个选项中D最符合句意，if表示“如果”。until直到；while在期间，当的时候，与同时；once一旦就。 答案：D,教材原文对照,so dont be surprised if you hear larghter when you dont think anythings funny. (P36),【例2】 You have failed two tests.Youd better start working harder，_you wont pass the course.(2009北京，31) Aand Bso Cbut Dor 【解题方法指导】 or表示“否则，要不然”。其他选项不合语境。 答案：D,教材原文对照,Or we could take our flashlights and explore that cave. (P38),【例3】 Do you think its a good idea to make friends with your students? _，I do.I think its a great idea. (2009安徽，24) AReally BObviously CActually DGenerally 【解题方法指导】 考查副词辨析。really意为“真正的，到底”；obviously意为“明显地，显然”；actually意为“实际上，真实地”；,generally意为“通常，一般”。根据句意可知C项正确。 答案：C,教材原文对照,Hi.Well,I live on an acre of hand outside Melbourne but my family actually came here from Greece in the 1980s-in fact,Melbourne is the city with the largest number of Greek people outside Athens! (P42),同学们,来学校和回家的路上要注意安全,同学们,来学校和回家的路上要注意安全,
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