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主题型主旨归纳题Themainidea(centralidea)ofthepassageis.Thepassageismainlyabout.Thepassagemainlydiscusses.Thepassageisconcernedprimarilyabout.Whatisthediscussionmainlyabout?Whichofthefollowingstatementscanbestsummarize/sumupthemainideaofthepassage?Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressesthemainideaofthepassage?Whatisthepassage/textmainlyabout?,专题三主旨大意类,设问方式,1.,标题型主旨归纳题Thebesttitleforthepassagemightbe.Whichofthefollowingtitlesbestsummarizesthemainideaofthepassage?Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?Whatcan/mightbethebesttitleforthetext/thepassage?目的型主旨归纳题Theauthorsmainpurposeinwritingthepassageisto.Thepassageismeantto.Theauthorspurposeistoshow.Thepurposeofthearticleisto.Whatdoestheauthorwanttotellus?Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?,2.,3.,考点一,主旨大意题,【典例】(2015重庆,C片段),Jointhediscussion.,Lakelander2hoursagoToday,amantalkedveryloudonhisphoneonatrainbetweenMalvernandReading,makingmanypassengersupset.IwonderhowhewouldreactifIweretoreadmynewspaperoutloudonthetrain.Ihaveneverhadthecouragetodoit,though.,Pak5057minutesagoWhynotgiveitatry?Perhapsyoushouldtakelessonsonamusicalinstrument.ThelatemusicianDennisBrainissaidtohaveaskedafellowtrainpassengertoturnoffhisradio.Whenhisrequestwasrefused,hetookouthisFrenchhorn(号)andstartedtopractise.,AngieOEdema42minutesagoIdontseehowmusicalinstrumentscanhelpimprovemannersinpublic.Dontdotootherswhatyouwouldntliketobedonetoyourself.Once,apassengernexttometalkedoutloudonhismobilephone.Ileftmyseatquietly,givinghimsomeprivacytofinishhisconversation.Herealisedthisandapologisedtome.Whenhisphonerangagainlater,helefthisseattoanswerit.Yousee,abitofrespectandcooperationcandothejobbetter.,Taodas29minutesagoIdidreadmynewspaperoutloudonatrain,anditturnedoutwell.Theguytookitingoodpart,andwechattedhappilyallthewaytoEdinburgh.,Sophie7613minutesagoIhavenottriedreadingmynewspaperoutloudonatrain,but,severalyearsago,IreadsomechaptersfromHarryPottertomyboredandnoisychildren.SeveralpassengersseemedtoappreciatewhatIdid.,46.Whatisthediscussionmainlyabout?A.Howtoreacttobadbehavior.B.Howtokilltimeonatrain.C.Howtochatwithstrangers.D.Howtomakeaphonecall.,剖析:A主旨大意题。本文针对一个人在火车上用手机通话时声音太大的行为展开讨论,主要讨论面对不良行为人们应该做出什么反应。badbehavior与talkedveryloud对应,Lakelander发帖中的react在A项中再次出现。,名师在线主题句是文章的核心,它往往是一个有很强概括性和代表性的句子。找到了文章的主题句,文章的中心思想也就显而易见了。1.主题句位于首段:其特点是开门见山地提出论点,再分别说明。2.主题句位于尾段:其特点是归纳式,即细节在前,概括在后。3.主题句,位于中间段落:其特点是引出话题论述主题解释。了解这一特点有利于考生根据文章开头和结尾的内容进行综合推理。若文章无主题句,考生可以依据文中的事实、细节、观点,归纳出文章的主题。4.主题句通常具有下面一些特征:(1)举例子的句子不是主题句,前后句可能是主题句。(2)问句不是主题句,回答句可能是主题句。(3)首段转折处常为文章的主题句。(4)主题句常包含文章的主题词。,(5)主题句常包含主次之分的表达(AratherthanB等)。(6)主题句常包含时间提示词(recently,today等)。(7)定义型的句子(becalledas,beknownas,is,are等)。(8)强调型的句子(stress,focus等)。(9)总结型的句子(researchindicates,studysuggests等)。,考点二,文章标题题,【典例】(2015新课标全国,B片段)Yourhousemayhaveaneffectonyourfigure.Expertssaythewayyoudesignyourhomecouldplayaroleinwhetheryoupackonthepoundsorkeepthemoff.Youcanmakeyourenvironmentworkforyouinsteadofagainstyou.Herearesomewaystoturnyourhomeintopartofyourdietplan.Openthecurtainsandturnupthelights.Darkenvironmentsaremorelikelytoencourageovereating,forpeopleareoftenlessself-conscious(难为情)whentheyreinpoorlylitplaces-andsomorelikelytoeatlotsoffood.Ifyourhomedoesnthaveenoughwindowlight,getmorelampsandfloodtheplacewithbrightness.Mindthecolors.Researchsuggestswarmcolorsfuelourappetites.Inonestudy,peoplewhoatemealsinablueroomconsumed33percentlessthanthoseinayelloworredroom.Warmcolorslikeyellowmakefoodappearmoreappetizing,whilecoldcolorsmakeusfeellesshungry.Sowhenitstimetorepaint,goblue.,Dontforgettheclock-ortheradio.Peoplewhoeatslowlytendtoconsumeabout70fewercalories(卡路里)permealthanthosewhorushthroughtheirmeals.Beginkeepingtrackofthetime,andtrytomakedinnerlastatleast30minutes.Andwhileyoureatit,actuallysitdowntoeat.Ifyouneedsomehelpslowingdown,turnonrelaxingmusic.Itmakesyoulesslikelytorushthroughameal.Downsizethedishes.Bigservingbowlsandplatescaneasilymakeusfat.Weeatabout22percentmorewhenusinga12-inchplateinsteadofa10-inchplate.Whenwechoosealargespoonoverasmallerone,totalintake(摄入)jumpsby14percent.Andwellpourabout30percentmoreliquidintoashort,wideglassthanatall,skinnyglass.,8.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.IsYourHouseMakingYouFat?B.WaysofServingDinnerC.EffectsofSelf-ConsciousnessD.IsYourHomeEnvironmentRelaxing?,剖析:A标题归纳题。本文主要介绍了墙壁的颜色、房间的亮度、吃饭的速度以及吃饭时使用的器皿大小等都与一个人的身材有关。因此A项“你的房子正让你发胖吗?”最适合做文章标题。B项“提供正餐的方式”,C项“自我意识的作用”,D项“你家的环境令人放松吗?”,均与本文的主题不符。,名师在线,1.标题特征(1)概括性。文章的标题能最大程度地概括全文,直接指向文章的主要内容,体现文章主旨。(2)醒目性。标题要能吸引读者的注意力,唤起读者对文章的阅读兴趣。标题是文章的点睛之笔,是文章的灵魂,要简洁、突出、新颖。标题的好坏往往影响读者阅读的兴趣。读者一般会通过阅读标题来取舍文章,故标题要醒目,以吸引读者的注意力。2.标题的归纳方式要做好标题归纳题,还需要了解标题的归纳方式。一般来说,标题的归纳方式是:以话题为核心,将控制性概念的词按一定的语法原则浓缩为概括主题句句意或中心思想的词组。比如某文章的中心句子为:Coffeeisauniversalbeveragethatisservedindifferentwaysaroundtheworld.,话题:Coffee控制性概念:isauniversalbeveragethatisservedindifferentwaysaroundtheworld标题:CoffeeAroundtheWorld注意,做此类题时,要避免下列三种错误:(1)概括不够(多表现为部分替代整体,从而导致范围太小);(2)过度概括(多表现为人为扩大范围);(3)以事实、细节替代文章大意。,考点三,写作目的题,【典例】(2015重庆,B片段)InancientEgypt,ashopkeeperdiscoveredthathecouldattractcustomerstohisshopsimplybymakingchangestoitsenvironment.Modernbusinesseshavebeenfollowinghislead,withmoretactics(策略).Onetacticinvolveswheretodisplaythegoods.Forexample,storesplacefruitsandvegetablesinthefirstsection.Theyknowthatcustomerswhobuythehealthyfoodfirstwillfeelhappysothattheywillbuymorejunkfood(垃圾食品)laterintheirtrip.Indepartmentstores,thewomensshoesectionisgenerallynexttothewomenscosmetics(化妆品)section:whiletheshopassistantisgoingbacktofindtherightsizeshoe,boredcustomersarelikelytowanderoverandfindsomecosmeticstheymightwanttotrylater.Besides,businessesseektoappealtocustomerssenses.Storesnoticethatthesmellofbakedgoodsencouragesshopping,sotheymaketheirownbreadeachmorningandthenfanthebreadsmellintothestorethroughouttheday.Musicsellsgoods,too.ResearchersinBritainfoundthatwhenFrenchmusicwasplayed,salesofFrenchwineswentup.,Whenitcomestothesellingofhouses,businessesalsousehighlyrewardingtactics.Theyfindthatcustomersmakedecisionsinthefirstfewsecondsuponwalkinginthedoor,andturnitintoabusinessopportunity.ACaliforniabuilderdesignedthestructureofitshousessmartly.Whenenteringthehouse,thecustomerwouldseethePacificOceanthroughthewindows,andthenthepoolthroughanopenstairwayleadingtothelowerlevel.Theinstantviewofwateronbothlevelshelpedsellthese$10millionhouses.,43.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.Toexplainhowbusinessesturnpeopleintotheircustomers.B.Tointroducehowbusinesseshavegrownfromthepast.C.Toreportresearchesoncustomerbehavior.D.Toshowdishonestbusinesspractices.,剖析:A目的意图题。文章的第一段就点明了主题。本文主要介绍的是商家是通过哪些手段把人们变成顾客的。因此答案选A。文章虽然提到了古埃及,但并不是介绍商家是如何从过去发展而来的,因此B项不对;文章主要聚焦在商家的一些做法上,因此C项有误;D项的dishonest一词与全文的基调不一致,文章只是客观介绍,并没有暗示商家不诚实。,名师在线每篇文章都有一个特定的写作目的,而这些信息通常并不是明确表达出来的,而是隐含在文章之中。因此,这类问题要求学生在理解文章总体内容的基础上,去领会作者的言外之意。不同的文章可能有不同的写作目的,但写作目的通常有以下三种:(1)toentertainreaders(娱乐读者,让人发笑);(2)topersuadereaders(说服读者接受某种观点);(3)toinformreaders(告知读者某些信息),考点四,段落大意题,【典例】(2015四川,C片段)ThestudyshowsmothersmatterallyearlongandnotjustonMothersDay.Theemotional,physicalandmentalenergymothersdevotetotheirchildrencanbenever-ending,butchildrenarealsosourcesofgreatjoyandhappiness.Investing(投入)intimeforparentingandraisingrelationshipsismoneywellspent.,40.Whatisstressedinthelastparagraph?A.Mothersimportanceshowsinfamilyallyearlong.B.Thesacrificesmothersmakearehugebutworthwhile.C.Mothersdevotiontochildrencanhardlybecalculated.D.Investingtimeinparentingwouldbringafinancialreturn.,剖析:B段落大意题。根据Theemotional,physicalandmentalenergymothersdevotetotheirchildrencanbenever-ending,butchildrenarealsosourcesofgreatjoyandhappiness.Investing(投入)intimeforparentingandraisingrelationshipsismoneywellspent.可以得知,母亲们对孩子的付出是无止境的,但是孩子也是母亲们快乐和幸福的源泉,因此母亲们的牺牲虽然巨大,但是值得,故正确答案为B项。,名师在线段落大意即某一段的中心思想,一般体现在某个句子(即主题句)中,主题句具有明显的概括性,句子结构简单,段落中其他句子均用来解释、支撑或扩展主题句所表述的主题思想。主题句通常位于段首,但也可位于段尾、段中或者段首段尾前后呼应。把握好段落的主题句是解答此类题的关键。,对点训练,(A)(2015福建,E)Groupexerciseisoneofthemosteffectivewaystoimprovephysicalfitnessandsustain(保持)ahealthylifestyle.Groupexerciseischallenging,yetfunandempowering!Ofcourseeveryoneknowsthatexerciseisgoodforthebody.However,studieshaveshownthatwhenexerciseisperformedingroups,itsnotonlygreatforimprovingphysicalhealthbutforpsychologicalhealth.Itsanopportunitytobesocial,releaseendorphins(内啡肽),andimproveyourstrength.Additionally,groupexercisecreatesacommunityfeelandthesharedcommongoalmotivatesparticipantstoworkhard.Theinstrumentalsupportoftakingonafitnessjourneywithothersprovesmoreeffectivethangoingtothegymalone.Anotherbeneficialaspectofgroupexerciseistheinformationalsupportparticipantsreceivefromtheinstructor.Manypeoplefearthegymbecausetheyfeellostanddontwanttoembarrassthemselves.Ifyoufeelyoucanrelate,thengrouptrainingisanevenbetteroptionforyou.Itsagreatopportunitytolearnmoreaboutfitnessthroughtheclearinstructionandsupervision(监管)ofafitnessinstructor.Ifyouretiredofwanderingaroundthegymwastingtimeandbecomingbored,youcanattendanupbeatgroupfitnessclassthatllkeepyourworkoutontrack.Dontletfitnessfrightenyou!,Ifyoureseriousaboutwantingtoliveahealthylifestyle,itsextremelyimportanttosurroundyourselfwithpeoplewhollprovideyouwiththeproperemotionalsupport.IwouldntscoldanyonefordecidingtopartyonweekendsandinturnIwouldntexpectanyonetogiveoffencetomeforfocusingonmyhealth.Surroundyourselfwithpeoplewhouplift,encourageandunderstandyou!Makefitnessevenmorefunbytryingsomethingneworanygroupfitnessclass,withafriend.Plantogoforajogtogether.Thentryafunhealthyrestaurantorfreshjuicebar!Fitnesscanbebothfunandsocial!Surroundingyourselfwithpeoplewhollprovideyouwithrespectsupportcanbeverybeneficialwhileworkingtowardsreachinghealthandfitnessgoals.First,decidetodoitforyourselfandworktowardsstayingpositive.Thenmakesurethepeopleyousurroundyourselfwitharesupportive.Dontletnegativityruinyourmotivation.,1.Thefirstparagraphfocuseson.A.thegreatestchallengeofgroupexerciseB.themosteffectivewaytoimprovephysicalfitnessC.thecontributionofgroupexercisetopsychologicalhealthD.thesharedcommongoalinperformingexerciseingroups,答案及剖析:1.C推理判断题。第一段的开头部分讲了群体锻炼是增进身体健康最有效的方式之一(B项内容),而且群体锻炼具有挑战性(A项内容),后面也提到共同的目标能激励参与者努力锻炼(D项内容),但是这些都是指群体锻炼对身体健康的益处。由第一段中的关键词语However(表转折),notonly.but.以及Additionally后的内容可知,本段的重点是but后面的内容,即群体锻炼对于心理健康很有好处。故选C项。,2.Theunderlinedword“upbeat”inthesecondparagraphprobablymeans“”.A.cheerfulB.averageC.seriousD.temporary,答案及剖析:2.A词义猜测题。由前半句Ifyouretiredofwandering.andbecomingbored可知,参加upbeat的群体能让你不懈怠或者不厌倦,故upbeat意为“精神振奋的”,这与选项中的cheerful同义。故选A项。average普通的,平均的;serious严肃的,认真的;temporary临时的,暂时的。,3.Whenitcomestoemotionalsupport,theauthorthinksitnecessary.A.tosustainacolorfullifestyleB.topartyonweekendswithpositivepeopleC.totryafunhealthyrestaurantregularlyD.tosurroundyourselfwithsupportivepeople,答案及剖析:3.D细节理解题。由倒数第二段的第一句.itsextremelyimportanttosurroundyourselfwithpeoplewhollprovideyouwiththeproperemotionalsupport.可知D项正确。,4.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.SeekingSupportB.SupportingHealthC.ImprovingYourStrengthD.BuildingUpFitness,语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文,主要讲述了参加群体锻炼的多种益处。群体锻炼不但对身体健康有益,而且对心理健康也有好处。你不相信吗?快来读一下这篇文章吧!,答案及剖析:4.B标题归纳题。综观全文可知,本文主要阐述了参加群体锻炼的益处,它不仅仅体现在身体方面,还体现在精神(心理)方面,这恰恰与B项的含义契合。所以选B项。,【读写一体练】1.改错:Groupexerciseisoneofthemosteffectivewaytoimprovephysicalfitnessandsustainahealthylifestyle.,剖析:oneof后面接名词的复数形式表示“之一”。,2.仿写:However,studieshaveshownthatwhenexerciseisperformedingroups,itsnotonlygreatforimprovingphysicalhealthbutforpsychologicalhealth.如果这个项目失败,不仅会影响到我们部门,还会对整个机构产生影响。Ifthisprojectfailsitwillaffect,thewholeorganization.,答案:notonlyourdepartment,butalso,(B)(2015天津,C)OnedaywhenIwas12,mymothergavemeanorder:Iwastowalktothepubliclibrary,andborrowatleastonebookforthesummer.Thiswasonemoreweaponforhertodefeatmystrangeproblem-inabilitytoread.Inthelibrary,Ifoundmywayintothe“ChildrensRoom”.Isatdownonthefloorandpulledafewbooksofftheshelfatrandom.Thecoverofabookcaughtmyeye.Itpresentedapictureofabeagle.Ihadrecentlyhadabeagle,thefirstandonlyanimalcompanionIeverhadasachild.Hewasmysecretsharer,butonemorning,hewasgone,givenawaytosomeonewhohadthespaceandthemoneytocareforhim.Ineverforgotmybeagle.Thereonthebookscoverwasabeaglewhichlookedidentical(相同的)tomydog.Iranmyfingersoverthepictureofthedogonthecover.Myeyesranacrossthetitle,Amos,theBeaglewithaPlan.Unknowingly,Ihadreadthetitle.Withoutopeningthebook,Iborroweditfromthelibraryforthesummer.Undertheshadeofabush,IstartedtoreadaboutAmos.Ireadvery,veryslowlywithdifficulty.Thoughpageswereturnedslowly,Igotthemainideaofthestoryaboutadogwho,likemine,hadbeenseparatedfromhisfamilyandwhofinallyfoundhiswaybackhome.Thatdogwasmydog,andIwasthelittleboyinthebook.Attheendofthestory,mymindcontinuedthefinalsceneofreunion,onandon,untilmyownlostdogandIwere,inmymind,runningtogether.,Mymotherscallreturnedmetotherealworld.Isuddenlyrealizedsomething:Ihadreadabook,andIhadlovedreadingthatbook.EveryoneknewIcouldnotread.ButIhadreadit.BookscouldbeincrediblywonderfulandIwasgoingtoreadthem.Inevertoldmymotheraboutmy“miraculous”(奇迹般的)experiencethatsummer,butshesawaslowbutremarkableimprovementinmyclassroomperformanceduringthenextyear.Andyearslater,shewasproudthathersonhadreadthousandsofbooks,wasawardedaPhDinliterature,andauthoredhisownbooks,articles,poetryandfiction.Thepowerofthewordshasheld.,5.Theauthorsmothertoldhimtoborrowabookinorderto.A.encouragehimtodomorewalkingB.lethimspendameaningfulsummerC.helpcurehimofhisreadingproblemD.makehimlearnmoreaboutweapons,答案及剖析:5.C细节理解题。第一段末句提到Thiswasonemoreweaponforhertodefeatmystrangeprobleminabilitytoread.,即作者的妈妈让他去借一本书,是想攻克他阅读障碍的问题,C项所述符合题干要求。A项“鼓励他多走路”、B项“让他度过一个有意义的夏天”、D项“让他学到更多关于武器的知识”均为干扰项。,6.Thebookcaughttheauthorseyebecause.A.itcontainedprettypicturesofanimalsB.itremindedhimofhisowndogC.hefounditstitleeasytounderstandD.helikedchildrensstoriesverymuch,答案及剖析:6.B推理判断题。根据第二段的内容可以得知,这本书吸引作者的地方首先是封面一只比格犬的图片,这让作者想起了自己曾经拥有的与之类似的比格犬。B项所述符合题干要求。文中未提到书中包含了很多精美的动物图片,故A项错误;文中未提及书的题目易懂,故C项错误;D项“他很喜欢儿童故事”也并未在文中提及。,7.Whycouldtheauthormanagetoreadthebookthrough?()A.Hewasforcedbyhismothertoreadit.B.Heidentifiedwiththestoryinthebook.C.Thebooktoldthestoryofhispetdog.D.Thehappyendingofthestoryattractedhim.,答案及剖析:7.B推理判断题。文中第二、三、四段的内容主要叙述了作者的一次经历与书中故事内容惊人的一致,即B项“他把书中的故事等同于自己的经历了”,因此他能够设法读完这本书,故选择B项。文中未提及作者妈妈的逼迫,故A项错误;故事中的比格犬与被送人的作者的比格犬类似,但描述的不是作者的比格犬,故C项错误;D项“故事圆满的结局吸引了他”并不是作者设法读完故事的原因。,8.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?()A.Theauthorhasbecomeasuccessfulwriter.B.Theauthorsmotherreadthesamebook.C.Theauthorsmotherrewardedhimwithbooks.D.Theauthorhashadhappysummerseversince.,答案及剖析:8.A推理判断题。根据末段的倒数第二句话.shewasproudthatherson.authoredhisownbooks.可以得知,作者的妈妈对自己的儿子读了很多书、创作出版了自己写的书、文章、诗歌和小说等感到很自豪,由此可以推知,作者成为了一名成功的作家,A项所述符合题干要求。B项“作者的妈妈读了同样一本书”、C项“作者的妈妈奖励给他书”、D项“作者自那之后度过了很多快乐的夏天”均为干扰项。,9.Whichonecouldbethebesttitleofthepassage?()A.TheCharmofaBookB.MumsStrictOrderC.ReunionwithMyBeagleD.MyPassionforReading,答案及剖析:9.A主旨大意题。本文主要叙述了作者因一本书而改变了自己的阅读习惯,逐渐克服了阅读障碍,并最终成为一名成功作家的故事。A项“一本书的魅力”符合全文主旨。B项“妈妈的严加管教”、C项“与比格犬的团圆”、D项“我对阅读的热爱”均不符合全文主旨。,语篇解读:本文是一篇记叙文。作者小时候阅读能力很差。一次,作者无意间发现了一本其内容与作者自己的一次经历大致相同的书,不经意间把它读完,其人生也由此发生了很大改变。,【读写一体练】改错:1.Isatdownonthefloorandpullafewbooksofftheshelfatrandom.,剖析:and是并列连词,连接并列成分,其前面的谓语动词是一般过去时,后面的并列谓语也应用一般过去时。,2.Intheendofthestory,mymindcontinuedthefinalsceneofreunion.,剖析:intheend最后,终于;attheendof在的末尾。,
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