《复合句宾语从句》PPT课件.ppt

初三首轮复习句法,复合句宾语从句,复合句,概念复合句也称主从句，即主句和从句，从句须有引导词或叫连词引出，否则复合句不成立。由于连词既起连接主句和从句的作用，表明主从句之间的关系，还在从句中充当一定的成份，有一定的意义，故复合句中的连词常成为中考考查的焦点。,初中阶段复合句1.宾语从句2.状语从句3.定语从句,宾语从句,在及物动词的后面可以接一个名词来充当宾语，如：Iknowtheman.而这时也可以用一个句子来充当宾语，如：Iknowthatthemanisapoliceman.,主句,从句,引导词,中考对宾语从句的考查主要集中在以下几个方面：1.引导宾语从句的连词和代词选择；2.宾语从句的语序；3.宾语从句的时态。,一.宾语从句的种类,由that引导的宾语从句,表肯定的概念。that只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。例如：Hesaid(that)hewantedtostayathome.2.由连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which和连接副词when,where,why,how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分.例如：Doyouknowwho(whom)theyarewaitingfor?,3.由if或whether引导的宾语从句。If和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。例如：Iwanttoknowif(whether)helivesthere.Heaskedmewhether(if)Icouldhelphim.,注意:只用whether，不用if的情况。,whether引导的从句常可以与连词or或ornot直接连用。如：正：Letmeknowwhetheryoucancomeornot.误：Letmeknowifyoucancomeornot.2.whether可以引导带to的不定式。如：正：Idontknowwhethertoacceptorrefuse.误：Idontknowiftoacceptorrefuse.,3.whether及其引导的成分可放于介词之后，作介词的宾语。如：IworryaboutwhetherIhurtherfeelings.4.在decide,discuss之后只能用whether如：Theydiscusswhetherweshouldclosetheshop.,参考答案,二.宾语从句的语序,宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序。例如：Ihear(that)physicsisnteasy.Ithink(that)youwilllikethisschoolsoon.CanyoutellmehowIcangettozoo?Pleasetellmewhenwellhavethemeeting.,三.宾语从句的时态,1.如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句该用什么时态就用什么时态。如：Idontthink(that)youareright.Pleasetelluswhereheis.CanyoutellmehowIcangettotherailwaystation?,2.如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态（一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）。例如：Heaskedwhattimeitwas.Hetoldmethathewaspreparingforthesportsmeet.HeaskedifyouhadwrittentoPeter.HesaidthathewouldgobacktotheU.S.soon.,3.如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理，其时态常用一般现在时。例如：OurteachersaidthatJanuaryisthefirstmonthoftheyear.Scientistshaveprovedthattheearthturnsaroundthesun.,参考答案,如何改为宾语从句,A.三关1.引导词关陈述句，引导词用that（that在口语或非正式文体中常省略）；一般疑问句，引导词用if/whether；特殊疑问句，引导词用由疑问词转换而来的疑问代词/副词。,2.语序关陈述句变为宾语从句，语序不变，即仍用陈述语序。如：Heisanhonestboy.Theteachersaid.Theteachersaid（that）hewasanhonestboy.一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句，语序变为陈述语序。如：Doesheworkhard？Iwonder.Iwonderif/whetherheworkshard.Whendidheleave？Idontknow.Idontknowwhenheleft.,注意：有些疑问句本身就是陈述语序1.Whowentthereyesterday?Marywantedtoknow.Marywantedtoknowwhowentthereyesterday.2.Whatsthematterwiththeclock?Hewondered.Hewonderedwhatwasthematterwiththeclock.,3.时态关如果主句是现在的时态，从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。如：Ihaveheard（that）hewillcomebacknextweek.如果主句是过去的某种时态，那么从句的时态一定要用过去的某种时态。如：Hesaid（that）therewerenoclassesyesterday.注意：如果宾语从句表述的是客观真理、自然现象等时，不管主句是什么时态，从句都要用一般现在时。如：Hesaidthatlighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.,B.人称的变化和标点的使用1.从句的主语如果是第一人称，变为宾语从句则与主句的主语一致；如果是第二人称，则与主句的宾语一致；如果是第三人称，不用变化。如：“MayIuseyourknife？”Heaskedme.Heaskedmeifhemightusemyknife.“Doyouknowhertelephonenumber？”Heaskedme.HeaskedmeifIknewhertelephonenumber.,2.宾语从句的标点均由主句决定。主句是陈述句，用句号；主句是疑问句，用问号。如：Whowillgiveusatalk？Idontknow.Idontknowwhowillgiveusatalk.Doyouknow？Wheredoeshelive？Doyouknowwherehelives？,其他问题,A)if和when既能引导时间状语从句，又能引导宾语从句。因此，遇到它们就要认真分析一下。如：Ifitrainstomorrow，Iwontcome.（时间状语从句）Idontknowifitwillraintomorrow.（宾语从句）,if表示“如果，要是”,if表示“是否”,B)从句的简化变成简单句1.当主句谓语动词是find，see，watch，hear等感官动词时，从句常简化为“宾语宾补”结构，宾补为不带to的不定式或V-ing形式。如：Shefoundthatthewalletlayontheground.Shefoundthewalletlieontheground.Shefoundthatthewalletwaslyingontheground.Shefoundthewalletlyingontheground.,2.当主句谓语动词是hope，wish，decide，forget，plan，agree等，且主句主语与从句主语相同时，从句可简化为不定式结构。如：Sheagreedthatshecouldhelpmewithmymaths.Sheagreedtohelpmewithmymaths.,3.在连接代词/副词引导的宾语从句中，当从句主语与主句主语或间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“连接代词/副词不定式”结构。如：CanyoutellmehowIcangettothestation？Canyoutellmehowtogettothestation？,中考范例,1.(2004年北京市中考试题)MissGreendidnttellus_in2002.A.wheredoessheliveB.WhereshelivesC.wheredidsheliveD.whereshelived【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态。宾语从句应用陈述句的语序和时态，所以应选D。,2.(2004年上海市徐汇区中考试题)Wouldyoupleasetellme_?A.whendidhecomehomeB.wherehewouldplayfootballC.ifhehadseenthefilmD.whyhedidntwatchthegame【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态。主句用的实际上是现在时，宾语从句在这个句子里应用陈述句的语序和一般过去时。,3.(2004年哈尔滨市中考试题)Ididntknowwhen_.willthetrainleaveB.thetrainwouldleaveC.wouldthetrainleaveD.thetrainleaves【解析】答案：B。该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态。只有B在语序和时态上符合要求。,4.(2004年常州市中考试题)-Wedontknow_.-ItissaidthathewasborninSweden.whatheisB.ifheliveshereC.wherehecomesfromD.whichcountryishefrom【解析】答案:C。该题考查的是宾语从句的语序。按照他们谈论的话题可知：他们说的是某人是哪里人。A和B可以排除。D的语序不对，只有C正确。,5.（2004年青海西宁）Werenotsureifit_tomorrow.Ifit_，wewontclimbtheSouthHill.A.willsnow；snowsB.willsnow；willsnowC.snows；snowsD.snows；willsnow解析：答案为A项。题干中前句if引导的是宾语从句，后句if引导的是条件状语从句，故选A项。,6.（2005年山东烟台）IdontknowwhatIshoulddowiththeletter.（改为简单句）Idontknowwhat_withtheletter.解析：当主句谓语动词是know，learn，forget，remember等，其后接疑问词（连接代词副词）引导的宾语从句，且该从句的主语与主句的主语一致时，宾语从句可简化成“疑问词（连接代词副词+不定式（短语）”结构，故空白处填todo。,todo,将下面的句子连接成为含有宾语从句的复合句。,1)TheseflowersarefromGuangdong.Hesaid.Hesaid_theseflowers_fromGuangdong.2)Lighttravelsfasterthansound.Myteachertoldme.Myteachertoldme_light_fasterthansound.,that,were,that,travels,3)Therewillbeameetinginfivedays.Jackdidntknow.Jackdidntknow_there_ameetinginfivedays.4)CantheyspeakFrench?Iwanttoknow.Iwanttoknow_French.,that,would,be,if,they,can,speak,5)Arethechildrenplayinggames?Tellme.Tellme_thechildren_games.6)Haveyoufinishedyourhomeworkyet?Mr.ZhaoaskedMaChaoMr.ZhaoaskedMaChao_homeworkyet.,if,are,playing,whether,he,had,finished,his,7)Howmanypeoplecanyouseeinthepicture?Whoknows?Whoknows_inthepicture?8)Wheredidsheparkhercar?Doyouknow?Doyouknow_hercar?,how,many,people,we,can,see,where,she,parks,9)Whatdoesheoftentalkabout?Thegirlwondered.Thegirlwondered_often_about.10)Whoknockedatthedoorsoloudly?Idontknow.Idontknow_atthedoorsoloudly.,what,he,talked,who,knocked,