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Unit5Grammar,Ellipsis,GRAMMAR,ELLIPSIS(省略）,Unit5,1.省略句的定义,省略是为了避免重复、突出新信息并使上下文紧密连接的一种语法修辞手段。省略在语言中，尤其在对话中，是一种十分普遍的现象。,2.句子成分的省略,省略前提：主谓宾，定状表，如有重复可删掉。,省略原则：词语省略后，不致令人费解。,省略类型：1.心照不宣型(用于祈使句和某些现成的简单句中)；2.承前省后型(用于对话、并列句和动词不定式中)；3.可有可无型(用于宾从中的that、定从中作宾语的whom,which,that和某些状从中);4.虚拟倒装型(只用于需要倒装的虚拟条件句中)。,主从复合句中的省略,省略一个从句或从句的一部分，可用so或not代替。常用于此类的动词有believe,think,expect,guess,hope,imagine,suppose,say,tell等以及appear,seem,afraidetc.,.(4)Doyouthinkhewillattendthemeeting?-Iguessnot.,(1)Ishecomingbacktonight?-Ithinkso,(2)Shemustbebusynow?-Ifso,shecantgowithus.,(3)Isshefeelingbettertoday?-Imafraidnot.,简单句中的省略,省略作宾语的不定式短语，只保留to，但如果该宾语是动词be或完成时态，则须在之后加上be或have:,(1)Areyougoingthere?-Yes,Idliketo(2)Hedidntgivemethechance,thoughhehadpromisedto(3)Areyouanengineer?-No,butIwant.(4)Hehasntfinishedthetaskyet.-Well,heought.,(gothere).,(givemethechance).,tobe,tohave,其他省略,1、连词的that省略,宾语从句中常省略连词that.Iknowheisastudent.(2)在定语从句中，that在从句中作宾语时可省略.另外，凡是进行时态和被动语态的定语从句都可省略关系代词和be动词。Helikesthesongs(that)AndyLausings.Helikesthesongs(thatare)sungbyAndyLau.,that,2、在某些状语从句中，从句的主语与主句的主语一致时，可省去“主语+be”部分,其他省略,(1)Whenstillaboyof10,hehadtoworkdayandnight.,(2)Shetriedherbestthoughratherpoorinhealth.,(3)Whilecycling,dontforgetthetrafficlights.骑车时，不要忘记看红绿灯。,(youare),(you),(hewas),(shewas),2.英语中有一些固定的省略结构：a)在以if,when,though,asif（好象）等连词引导的从句中，如从句中的主要动词是be，常将主语it和动词be省略。Ifnecessary,weshallsendatelegramhome.如有必要，我们就往家里打电报。Wheneverpossible,hewillcometomyhelp.他一有可能就来帮助我。,itis,itis,itis,其他省略,3、连词if在部分虚拟条件句中可省略，但后面的语序有变化。,(3）Shouldtherebeaflood,whatshouldwedo?,theywouldcertainlyhavecomeandhelpus.,(2)WereIyou,Iwoulddotheworkbetter,Hadtheyhadtime,If,Theyhadhadtime,IfIwereyou,Ifthereshouldbeaflood,Notes,1.省略句可同时省掉句子几个成份Whatexcitingnews!(=Whatexcitingnewsitis!)多么令人激动的消息啊！Pityhesfailed.(=Itisapitythathesfailed.)很遗憾，他失败了。Ilikehimmorethanher.(=IlikehimmorethanIlikeher.)我喜欢他更甚于喜欢她。,2.被省略的部分一般可以在句子中补上，但有时省略结构已经定型，如果把省略部分补上，反而不合乎习惯。HeistallerthanIam.他比我高。（am之后省略tall，补上不合习惯）Noparking.禁止停车。（告示用语=Noparkingisallowedhere.）有一些习惯表达很难补上所省略的部分：Notatall.不用谢。Nomatter.不要紧。Thanks.谢谢。,1.haventseenyouforages.2.soundslikeagoodidea.3.sorrytohearthat.4.thisway,please!5.joiningusforawalk?6.somemoretea?7.doesntmatter.8.pityyoucouldntcome.9.terribleweather!10.goingtothesupermarket?,Exercise,I,It,Iam,walk,Wouldyoulike,Wouldyoulike,It,Itisa,What/Such,Areyou,exercise,ShecanswimunderwaterlongerthanIcanswimunderwater.2.Theydiscussedwhethertheyshouldstayinthehouseortheyshouldtrytheopenair.3.Theyhadameal,theywentoutforawalkandthentheycamebacktosleep.4.Dontbatheifyoudonttobathe.5.IdontvisitmyparentsasmuchasIoughttovisitmyparents.,Discoveringusefulstructures,3.,Rewritethesesentencesbytakingouttheunnecessaryparts.,Theburnthatshegotfromtheironwasredanditwasverypainful.,(_),P37,2.Aboywasontheleftsideofthesickwoman,andagirlwasontherightsideofthesickwoman.3.Shehasadaughterwhoisinhospital.4.Hewenttothedoctorbecausehehadtogotothedoctor.,(_),(_),(_),5.Didshepassthefirstaidtestthatshedidyesterdayordidntshepass?,ornot.,6.Shecouldnotdecidedwhethertosendhimtohospitalornottosendhimtohospital.7.Whenyournoseisbleeding,youshouldbendforwardsothatthebloodrunsoutofyournoseandtheblooddoesntrundownyourthroat.8.Onlysomeofthestudentshavedoneafirstaidcoursebutmostofthestudentshaventdoneafirstaidcourse.,notdownyourthroat.,Thesesentencesarecorrect.However,oneormorewordshavebeenleftout.Canyoutellyourpartnerwhichwordsaremissing?,1)Thetemplesurroundedbyawallbelongstothelocalgovernment.,Thetemple(whichis)surroundedbyawallbelongstothelocalgovernment.,P374.,2)ThefirstbookIreadthistermwasmoreinterestingthanthesecond.,Thefirstbook(that)Ireadthistermwasmoreinterestingthanthesecond(bookthatIreadthisterm).,3)Toherteacherssurprise,shedidbetterinherfirstaidexamthanexpected.,Toherteacherssurprise,shedidbetterinherfirstaidexamthan(shewas)expected(todo).,4)Idontthinktheyhavereturnedfromthehospital,buttheymighthave.,Idontthinktheyhavereturnedfromthehospital,buttheymighthave(returnedfromthehospital).,5)Hewantedtohelptheaccidentvictimbuthisfrienddidnt.,Hewantedtohelptheaccidentvictimbuthisfrienddidnt(wanttohelptheaccidentvictim).,6)Youcanborrowmyfirstaidnotesifyouwantto.,Youcanborrowmyfirstaidnotesifyouwantto(borrowmyfirstaidnotes).,7)Soundslikeagoodidea.,(It)soundslikeagoodidea.,8)AnythingIcandoforyou?,(Isthere)anythingIcandoforyou?,1.-DoesyourbrotherintendtostudyGerman?-Yes,heintends_.A/B.toC.soD.that,2.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim_.A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donotto,3.-WhatdoyouthinkmadeMarysoupset?-_hernewbicycle.A.AsshelostB.LostC.LosingD.Becauseoflosing,B.,A.,C.,4.If_,wellcontinueourexperimentafterofficehours.A.beingnecessaryB.benecessaryC.isnecessaryD.necessary,6.Generallyspeaking,_accordingtodirections,thedrughasnosideeffect.A.whentakingB.whentakenC.whentotakeD.whentobetaken,5.-Doyouthinkitsgoingtorainovertheweekend?-_.A.IdontbelieveB.IdontbelieveitC.IbelievenotsoD.Ibelievenot,D.,D.,B.,7.Oneofthesidesoftheboardshouldbepaintedyellow,and_.A.theotheriswhiteB.anotherwhiteC.theotherwhiteD.anotheriswhite,8.-Wouldyoulikesomewine?-Yes,just_.A.littleB.verylittleC.alittleD.afew,C.,C.,Choosethebestanswers.,1)-Tomorrowisaholiday.Whyareyoudoingyourhomework?-IamdoingtheseexercisesnowsothatIwonthave_onSunday.A.itB.themC.forD.to,2)-ShallIinviteAnntomybirthdaypartytomorrowevening?-Yes.Itllbefineifyou_.A.areB.canC.inviteD.do3)-Arentyouthemanager?-No,andI_A.dontwanttoB.dontwanttobeC.dontwantbeD.dontwant,4)-Illbeawayonabusinesstrip.Wouldyoumindlookingaftermycat?-Notatall._.A.IvenotimeB.IdrathernotC.IdlikeitD.Idbegladto5)-Wontyouhaveanothertry?-_.A.Yes,IwillhaveB.Yes,IwonthaveC.Yes,IwontD.Yes,Iwill,6)-Iwontdoitanymore.-_?A.WhynotB.WhydontdoanymoreC.WhynotdoD.Whydont,7)-Doyouthinkitwillsnowtomorrow?-_.A.IdontthinkB.No,IdontthinkC.IdontthinksoD.No,Idontso8)-Haveyoufedthecat?-No,but_.A.ImB.IamC.ImjustgoingD.Imjustgoingto,
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