儿童生长发育对照表(0-18岁体重、身高、头围)详细解析[1]

.儿童生长发育对照表(0-18岁体重、身高、头围)详细解析数字来源于全国学生体质调查，仅供参考。表1中国018岁男童体重参照值(kg)年龄组下等中下等中等中上等上等初生2.542.923.303.684.061月3.844.475.105.736.362月4.725.446.166.887.603月5.406.196.987.778.564月5.946.757.568.379.185月6.267.148.028.909.786月6.747.688.629.5610.508月7.198.199.1910.1911.1910月7.578.619.6510.6911.7312月8.089.1210.1611.2012.2415月8.489.5910.7011.8112.9218月8.8710.0611.2512.4413.6321月9.3110.5711.8313.0914.352.0岁10.0111.2912.5713.8515.132.5岁10.9012.2313.5614.8916.223.0岁11.4012.9114.4215.9317.443.5岁12.2713.8215.3716.9218.474.0岁12.6914.4616.2318.0019.774.5岁13.3615.3017.2419.1821.125.0岁14.0816.2118.3420.4722.605.5岁14.8817.1319.3821.6323.886.0岁15.7718.3720.9723.5726.177.0岁15.2519.3023.3527.4031.458.0岁16.2120.9725.7330.4935.259.0岁17.2222.9428.6634.3840.1010.0岁18.4225.1531.8838.6145.3411.0岁20.1527.9235.6943.4651.2312.0岁22.2831.0139.7448.4757.2013.0岁27.0636.5145.9655.4164.8614.0岁31.2341.0350.8360.6370.4315.0岁36.3345.2254.1163.0071.8916.0岁39.3448.0756.8065.5374.2617.018岁41.3349.7958.2566.7175.17中国018岁女童体重参照值(kg)年龄组下等中下等中等中上等上等初生2.482.843.203.563.921月3.674.244.815.385.952月4.445.095.746.397.043月5.025.726.427.127.824月5.516.267.017.768.515月5.996.767.538.309.076月6.207.108.008.909.808月6.717.688.659.6210.5910月7.118.109.0910.0811.0712月7.428.479.5210.5711.6215月7.999.0410.0911.1412.1918月8.439.5410.6511.7612.8721月9.0110.1311.2512.3713.492.0岁9.5810.8112.0413.2714.502.5岁10.3111.6412.9714.3015.633.0岁11.1512.5814.0115.4416.873.5岁11.9013.4214.9416.4617.984.0岁12.4514.1315.8117.4919.174.5岁13.0414.9216.8018.6820.565.0岁13.9015.8717.8419.8121.785.5岁14.3616.5818.8021.0223.246.0岁15.2617.8120.3622.9125.467.0岁15.0818.7022.3225.9429.568.0岁16.1220.3524.5828.8133.049.0岁17.3322.3927.4532.5137.5710.0岁18.6924.9031.1137.3243.5311.0岁21.1228.4435.7643.0850.4012.0岁24.6632.4240.1847.9455.7013.0岁28.9336.6944.4552.2159.9714.0岁32.5139.6246.7353.8460.9515.0岁34.6061.6548.7055.7562.8016.0岁36.4143.1949.9756.7563.5317.018岁37.1943.7850.3756.9663.55中国018岁男童身高参照值(cm)年龄组下等中下等中等中上等上等初生47.048.750.452.153.81月52.354.656.959.261.52月55.658.060.462.865.23月58.460.763.065.367.64月60.762.965.167.369.55月62.464.767.069.371.66月64.466.869.271.674.08月67.069.572.074.577.010月69.472.074.677.279.812月71.974.677.380.082.715月74.777.580.383.185.918月76.579.682.785.888.921月79.282.485.688.892.02.0岁82.385.789.192.595.92.5岁86.389.893.396.8100.33.0岁89.493.196.8100.5104.23.5岁92.696.4100.2104.0107.84.0岁95.599.6103.7107.8111.94.5岁98.9103.0107.1111.2115.35.0岁102.1106.3110.5114.7118.95.5岁104.7109.2113.7118.2122.76.0岁108.5113.2117.9122.6127.37.0岁112.5118.2123.9129.6135.38.0岁116.8122.7128.6134.5140.49.0岁121.6127.7133.8139.9146.010.0岁125.6132.2138.8145.4152.011.0岁130.1137.3144.5151.7158.912.0岁134.0142.2150.4158.6166.813.0岁142.1150.4158.7167.0175.314.0岁149.5156.9164.3171.7179.115.0岁155.0161.3167.6173.9180.216.0岁157.3163.4169.5175.6181.717.018岁158.3164.3170.3176.3182.3中国018岁女童身高参照值(cm)年龄组下等中下等中等中上等上等初生46.648.249.851.453.01月51.753.956.158.360.52月54.656.959.261.563.83月57.259.461.663.866.04月59.461.663.866.068.25月60.963.265.567.870.16月62.865.267.670.072.48月65.668.170.673.175.610月68.170.773.375.978.512月70.373.175.978.781.515月73.376.178.981.784.518月75.878.781.684.587.421月78.581.584.587.590.52.0岁81.384.788.191.594.92.5岁84.888.492.095.699.23.0岁88.792.395.999.5103.13.5岁91.695.499.2103.0106.84.0岁95.098.9102.8106.7110.64.5岁97.8102.0106.2110.4114.65.0岁101.6105.7109.8113.9118.05.5岁103.9108.4112.9117.4121.96.0岁108.1112.6117.1121.6126.17.0岁111.7117.2122.7128.2133.78.0岁116.2122.0127.8133.6139.49.0岁120.7127.1133.5139.9146.310.0岁125.3132.4139.5146.6153.711.0岁131.6138.9146.2153.5160.812.0岁138.5145.1151.7158.3164.913.0岁143.7149.7155.7161.7167.714.0岁146.0151.6157.2162.8168.415.0岁147.3152.8158.3163.8169.316.0岁147.6153.1158.6164.1169.617.018.0岁147.7153.2158.7164.2169.7中国07岁儿童头围参照值(cm)男童女童年龄组下平均值上等下平均值上等初生31.934.3?.236.731.533.9?.236.31月35.538.1?.340.735.037.4?.239.82月37.139.7?.342.336.538.9?.241.33月38.441.0?.343.637.740.1?.242.54月39.742.1?.244.538.841.2?.243.65月40.643.0?.245.439.742.1?.244.56月41.544.1?.346.740.443.0?.345.68月42.545.1?.347.741.544.1?.346.710月43.045.8?.448.642.444.8?.247.212月43.946.5?.349.143.045.4?.247.815月44.547.1?.349.743.646.0?.248.418月45.247.6?.250.044.146.5?.248.921月45.548.1?.350.744.546.9?.249.32.0岁46.048.4?.250.845.047.4?.249.82.5岁46.649.0?.251.445.648.0?.250.43.0岁47.049.4?.251.846.248.4?.150.63.5岁47.449.8?.252.246.448.8?.251.24.0岁47.550.1?.352.746.749.1?.251.54.5岁47.850.4?.353.047.049.4?.251.85.0岁48.350.7?.253.147.349.7?.252.15.5岁48.550.9?.253.347.650.0?.252.46.07.0岁48.951.3?.253.747.750.3?.352.9生长发育是婴幼儿及青少年期所特有的生理现象。但生长发育不是简单的身体由小增大的过程，而是一个十分复杂的现象。牵涉到个体细胞的增加、分化，器官结构及功能的完善。小儿生长发育总的特点为：出生后头2年身高、体重增长较快，2岁至青春期以前有较为稳定的增加，青春期快速增长，以后渐渐停止。体格发育有头尾规律，即：婴幼儿期头部发育领先，随着年龄的增长，头增长不多而四肢、躯干增长速度加快。婴儿期头部高度占全身的1/4，成人头高占身高的1/8。倘若孩子身高体重发育不均衡可以适当选择一些适合孩子的儿童食物、儿童营养品、儿童氨基酸饮料等，一定要选择纯天然配方的产品，如：润峰金康氨基酸固体饮料由“动物人参”的天然蚕蛹中提取，按照母乳化氨基酸谱配制就比较适合孩子综合体质的发育。家长们一定要仔细慎重的了解产品原材料的纯天然化。常用的小儿生长发育指标有：体重、身高、头围、胸围。一、体重体重是反映小儿生长发育的最重要也是最灵敏的指标。因为体重反映孩子的营养状况，尤其是近期的营养状况。体重可以受多种因素如：营养、辅食添加、疾病等的影响。体重在出生头3个月增长最快，一般为月增长6001000克，最好不低于600克。36个月次之，一般月增长600800克。612个月平均每个月增长300克。1岁后小儿生长速度明显减慢，13岁小儿平均每个月体重增长150克。1岁后小儿的体重可用下列公式计算：体重（kg）=年龄（岁）?+7（或8）这个时期的孩子偏瘦也可补充必需氨基酸，可以满足身体发育所需各种营养。润峰金康儿童型氨基酸中益生菌结合益生元有利于提高儿童免疫力，同时，促进对钙、铁、锌等微量元素的吸收。更益于儿童发育成长。二、身长身长也是小儿生长发育的重要指标，但它反映的是长期营养状况，短期内影响生长发育的因素（营养、疾病等）对身长影响不明显。它主要受遗传、种族和环境的影响较为明显。身长的增加同体重一样，也是在生后第一年增长最快，平均年增长25厘米。第二年平均增长10厘米，第三年平均增长47.5厘米。幼儿期孩子的体型由婴儿期的肥墩型向瘦长型转变。这期间躯干稍长些，下肢稍短些。幼儿期后，四肢的增长逐渐快于躯干的增长。一岁以后平均身长的公式为：身长（cm）=年龄（岁）?+80（cm）。小儿的身长与体重都可以用国际卫生组织的标准来评价。如果孩子这些时期内没有发生身高体重的均衡转变，作为家长一定要留心了，这样该给孩子补充人体必需氨基酸促进均衡发育。三、头围头围是反映孩子脑发育的一个重要指标。头围在生后第一年增长最快。出生时头围平均34cm；1岁时平均46cm；第二年增加2cm，第三年增长12cm。3岁时头围平均为48cm，已与成人相差不很多了。由此可看出，脑发育主要在生后头3年。正常小儿后囟门3个月闭合，前囟门1岁1岁半闭合。过迟闭合要考虑有无佝偻病的可能。有的孩子出生时囟门就较小，闭合也会早些。这与母亲孕期营养状况较好有关。因此要综合看待这个问题，如果没有超量服用鱼肝油或超量服用及注射维生素D，一般问题不大。需要注意的是，并非像人们所想像的那样：孩子头越大越聪明，聪明与否和头围大小并不成正比。孩子的头围在正常范围内就可以了。头围过大则要考虑有无脑肿瘤、脑积水的可能。为孩子均衡营养补充人体所需必需氨基酸可促进智力发育，所谓的天资聪颖主要依赖出生后头三年脑部发育，每个家长们都想自己孩子聪明伶俐，所以在孩子出生后充分补充儿童所需必需氨基酸营养促进脑发育是非常有必要的。四、胸围孩子在出生时，胸围小于头围，随着月龄的增长，胸围逐渐赶上头围。一般在孩子1岁时，胸围与头围相等。但现在由于普遍营养状况较好，不少婴儿在未满1岁时胸围就赶上了头围。影响胸围增长的因素有：营养状况不好，缺乏体育活动及疾病造成胸廓畸形，如：鸡胸、漏斗胸等。孩子1岁后，胸围增长明显快于头围，胸围逐渐超过头围。到青春期胸廓发育很快，向成人体型转变.妈妈们要时时刻刻多多关注孩子成长，儿童食物一定要做到位，这是关系到孩子未来一生的事情，孩子有一个健康美好的未来也是妈妈们最大的心愿。.