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Text comprehensionI. CII. 1. T; 2. F; 3. F; 4. T; 5. T.III. 1. Para.2: whether they should have a second child.2. Para.2&3: feel lonely; be more spoiled.3. Para.4: A third of the population in Japan will be aged 65 or over by 2020.4. Para.5: because the cost of supporting a child up to the age of 18 is around US$160,000.5. Para.6: favoritism or sibling jealousy; less quality time and attention to children; decreased self-esteem and self-confidence.6. No. No simple answer. Circumstances vary from family to family.IV. 1. As for the issue of single children, people are often concerned about whether an only child necessarily means a lonely child.2. Some single-child parents feel they are too busy with their work to spend time and energy on a second child. Consequently, they choose to have no more children.3. The conditions affecting each couple vary from family to family.I . VocabularyI Phrase practice1. demanding jobs= jobs needing a lot of attention or effort 费力的工作 2. with regard to = in connection with; on the subject of 关于，至于 3. stigma =sign of shame; feeling of being ashamed 耻辱，受到侮辱 4. give-and-take =willingness of each person to satisfy others wishes 妥协，互让 5. declined = decreased 6. sibling jealousy = the feeling of wanting to get what sb else has among brothers and sistersII.1. arise from2. unique3. self-esteem4. stigma5. overwhelming6. interacted7. favoritism8. prime9. involved10. despiteIII. 1. Bwith regard to: in connection withfor the purpose of: why you do sth. or why sth. existsin view of: used to introduce the reason for a decision, action or situation in accordance with: according to a rule, system, etc.2. Censure: to make certain that sth. happensentertain: to keep a group of people interested or enjoying themselvesenable: to make it possible for someone to do something, or for something to happenenquire: if you enquire about something, you ask for information about it3. Dsibling n.: a brother or sister4. Aassociate with (sb.): to spend time with someone, esp. someone that other people disapprove ofcare about: if you care about something, you feel that it is important and are concerned about itbe concerned with: to be about a particular thing or persontouch: to have an effect on someone or something, especially by changing or influencing them5. Cat times: sometimesin time: before the time by which it is necessary for something to be doneon time: at the correct time or the time that was arrangedsometime: at a time in the future or the past which is not known or not stated6. Dresult in: to cause a particular situation to happenresult from: if a situation or problem results from a particular event or activity, it is caused by it 7. BCapable of doing / be able to do / 8. Acite: if you cite something, you quote it or mention it, especially as an example or proof of what you are sayingsite: a place where something is, was, or where something happened, is happening, or will happen sight: the physical ability to seeborrow: if you borrow something that belongs to someone else, you take it or use it for a period of time, usually with their permission9. Bdespite: without taking any notice of or being influenced by; not prevented byin spite of: despite,regardless of; not being prevented by (sb./sth.) 10. Cequivalent: if one amount or value is the equivalent of another, they are the samesame: exactly like another or each otherrelated to: things that are related are connected in some waydifferent to: Things are unlike in nature or quality or form or degree.IV.1. 负担；装载a. burden; b. burden; c. loads; d. load. 2选举（人）；选择（物）a. choose; b. elected; c. choose; d. elected. 3（重大）议题；问题（毛病）a. issue; b. problem; c. problem; d. issue. 4潮流（倾向）；时尚（时髦）a. trend; b. trend; c. fashion; d. fashion. V. Synonym / Antonym1.Synonyms: only, sole2. Antonyms: uncommon, unusual, extraordinary, exceptional 3. Synonyms: honor, admire, esteem 4. Antonyms: decrease, diminish, lessen 5. Synonyms: worries, anxiety 6.Antonyms: insignificant, weak, feeble, powerless7. Synonyms: first, chief, main, primary, principal, foremost, leading 8. Antonyms: fortunately, luckily VI. Word derivationFill in the blank in each sentence with an appropriate form of the given word in brackets.1. She is famous for her advocacy of human rights. (advocate)2. When the time for parting came, he shook hands with everyone respectfully. (respect)3. It is estimated that China has enormous potential for economic development in the coming year. (potentially)4.The job of a surveyor is to examine the condition of a building, or to measure and record the details of an area of land. (survey)5. The British Air Force succeeded despite overwhelming odds against them. (overwhelm)6. The association between the two companies dates back to the last century. (associate)7. There is no English equivalent for “bon appetite,” so we have adopted the French expression. (equivalence)8. I thought his remark was highly inappropriate, given the circumstances. (appropriate) 1. advocate (v.) 提倡，主张，拥护advocation (n.) 拥护，支持，辩护advocator (n.) 提倡者，拥护者advocatory (a.) 拥护者的，有关拥护者的advocacy (n.) 拥护，主张，辩护 2.respect (v.) 尊敬，尊重；遵守respectable (a.) 人格高尚的，值得尊敬的respectful (a.) 恭敬的，礼貌的respective (a.)分别的，各自的3. potential (n.) 可能性，潜能potent (adj.) 有效的，强有力的，有权势的 4. survey（v.）监督，监视surveillance (n.) 监督，监视surveyor (n.) 测量员，检验员5. overwhelm (v.) 压倒，淹没，受打击overwhelming (adj.) 压倒性的，势不可挡的overwhelmingly (adv.) 压倒性地，不可抵抗地 6. associate（v.）结交，交往association (n.) 协会，联盟，社团associative (adj.) 联合的，联想的，组合的associator (n.) 社员，伙伴，会员 7.equal (adj.) 相等的，胜任的，平等的equality (n.) 平等，相等equation (n.) 等式，方程式equivalent (adj.) 相等的，等价的，同意义的equivalence (n.) 等值，相等8. appropriate ( adj.) 适当的appropriately (adv.) 适当地inappropriate (adj.) 不适当的，不相称的II. Grammar I1. convince sb of sth: of his innocence.2. be sure about/of sth: about/of Simons disappearance?3. be sorry about: about Lawlers resignation.4. assure sb of sth: of my willingness to.5. persrade sb of sth: of their need for more troops.6. inform sb of sth: of the change of the plans?7. remind sb of sth: of your responsibility towards your friends.8. tell sb of sth: of these problems. II. 1. We would have arrived two hours ago _but for_ the traffic jam. (but not because of / if not because of) 但是出了/如果没有2. _Except for_ a few spelling mistakes, it is on the whole a good composition. 除了3. in the case of = in the circumstance of / with regard to 至于情况4. What with = because of 这怎么办/因为这5. _In terms of_ money, theyre quite rich. (Concerning / as to) 在方面/从方面来说6. In view of (Considering) 考虑到7. by way of (as a way of) 作为一种方式8. in point of fact (as a matter of fact / in fact) 在上/方面 III.1. In spite of 让步（普通） the citys many attractions,2. Despite 让步（正式） the clear scientific evidence, people3. with all 让步（口语化） his immense fortune.4. For all 让步（口语化） your huge secretarial staff, it5. because of 原因（强） the heavy rain.6. for 原因/目的（弱） money.IV.1 Although *make sb understood：使某人被理解2 Despite living in / Despite the fact that *despite prep + n.介词带宾语: 即使是3 in spite of having all *in spite of prep phrase + n.介词词组带宾语: 即使是4 except around Christmas, when 除了在圣诞节期间5 But for the millions of dollars worth of aid from governments around the world, most people. *but for prep. + n.介词词组带宾语: 要不是6 The Prime Minister because of growing. *because of prep phrase + n.: 因为7 because *because conj + clause: 因为8 even though *conj + clause: 即使 pull out: 退缩/撤出 V. 1. because 2. as3. Although4. Whenever5. wherever6.since7. where8. or else/otherwise VIwhat引导的主语从句的功能与作主语的名词短语相当/宾语从句。*what is appropriate for on family = the circumstances appropriate for one family = the appropriate circumstances*what is acceptable in one culture = the value acceptable in one culture = the acceptable valueIII. TranslationI1家里没有别的孩子和他交往， 这就使得孩子有时感到孤独，尤其在假期里。2许多人认为独生子女不善于与其他人沟通，也就不会尊重/看重在各种关系中相互谦让的精神。3对有些独生子女的家长尤其是那些事业繁忙的家长来说，要将时间和精力奉献给第二个孩子所带来的压力似乎太沉重了，于是他们作出再也不要其他孩子的选择。4因为只有一个孩子，所以由于父母偏爱或兄弟姐妹之间的妒忌而引起家庭争端的可能性就小了。 II1让她感到为难的是，要不要把丈夫得了不治之症的真相告诉他。(dilemma进退两难/为难)The dilemma she is facing is whether to tell her husband the truth about his fatal disease. 2啃老：depend on parents；羞耻: stigma/shame/ashamed。Dont you think it a sort of stigma that you, already in your thirties, still have to depend on your old parents? 3. 全世界几乎所有的政府都十分关注这个金融问题。(be concerned about关心/关注/担心)Almost all the governments in the world are very much concerned about the financial issue. 4. 至于英语教学研讨会，我建议本周末召开。(with regard to至于/关于某方面) 建议/要求/命令引导的祈使句性质，动词用原形，前面有可以省略的should。With regard to the seminar on English teaching, I suggest that it be held on the coming weekend. 5要不要：whether or notWhether to go abroad for further education or not is entirely up to you. 6引起/造成/导致: lead to/ result in/causeJust a single spark can lead to an explosion in a room filled with gas.7无论：no matter + whNo matter what efforts the government has made, the price for housing has barely declined. 8为了：in order to + v.；devoteto介词+宾语。In order to pass TOEFL, he has devoted almost every minute of his spare time to English studies. 9. 凭借他的表演潜力，这个小伙子有可能成为娱乐界的超级明星。(potential) 凭借/具有withWith his acting potential, the young man is likely to be a superstar in the field of entertainment.10妒忌/嫉妒：jealous adj.；jealousy n.It is believed that sibling jealousy exists more in a rich family than in a poor one.IV. Integrated skills1. DictationAbout this time / I found out the use of a key. / One morning I locked my mother up in the pantry, / where she was obliged to remain three hours. / She kept knocking on the door, / while I sat outside on the porch steps and laughed. / This naughty behavior of mine / convinced my parents / that I must be taught as soon as possible. / After my teacher came to me, / I sought an early opportunity / to lock her up in her room. / I could not be induced to tell / where the key was. / My father had to get a ladder / and take the teacher out through the window. / Months after, / I produced the key.2. Fill in each blank in the passage below with ONE word you think appropriate.Traditionally, so-called only children have gotten a bad (1) name. Not many years (2) ago it was common for people to assume that an only child was sure to be hopelessly selfish and spoiled. Experts added to the (3) list of only-child woes, (4) claiming that they were apt to be more aggressive, uncooperative, socially inept, less (5) successful in marriage, and so on. But none of this is necessarily true. Only children often grow (6) up to be happy and well adjusted. In fact, being an only child has some (7) advantages: They spend a lot of time interacting with adults, so they develop strong (8) language skills, which serve them well in school and later in life. They enjoy their parents undivided (9) attention, and never have to suffer the pain of sibling jealousy. And they often enjoy educational, cultural, and travel (10) opportunities that children from large families might miss out on.VI. Writing PracticeParallelism1. You can go there on foot, by bike or by bus.2. A gossip is someone who talks to you about others, a bore is someone who talks to you about himself, and a brilliant conversationalist is one who talks to you about yourself.3.Faith sees the invisible, feels the intangible and achieves the impossible.4. Dream what you want to dream; go where you want to go; be what you want to be. 5. My fathers income is smaller than my mothers.6. What you say reflects your mind; what you do reflects your ability.7. A single dollar could save a mans life, and a thousand dollars could better it, while a million dollars could end it.8. I am at a loss what to do and where to go.9. Your semester grade is based on not only how well you do on each test but also how you participate in class. 10. Endeavor, confidence and opportunity are the basic elements of ones success.VII. Listening ExercisesTitles Other than MotherA. 1. Herself (mother): Research Associate in the field of Child Development and Human Relations2. Her three elder daughters: lab assistants3. Her youngest daughter: new experimental model in the child-development program4. Grandmothers: Senior Research Associates in the field of Child Development and Human R elations5. Great grandmothers: Executive Senior Research Associates6. Aunts: Associate Research Assistants in the field of Child Development and Human Relations B. I have a continuing program of research, in the laboratory and in the field. Im working for my Masters, and already have four credits. Of course, the job is one of the most demanding in the humanities, and I often work 14 hours a day.I have a list of endless things to do, both indoors and outdoors. Im working for my whole family, and already have four daughters. Of course, every mother would agree that being a mother is one of the most time-consuming thing in the world, and I often have to work 14 hours a day.TapescriptTitles Other than MotherA woman named Emily renewing her drivers license at the County Clerks office was asked by the woman recorder to state her occupation. She hesitated, uncertain how to classify herself. “What I mean is,” explained the recorder, “do you have a job, or are you just a .”“Of course I have a job,” snapped Emily. “Im a mother.”“We dont list mother as an occupation . Housewife covers it,” said the recorder emphatically. I forgot all about her story until one day I found myself in the same situation, this time at our own Town Hall. The clerk was obviously a career woman, poised, efficient, and possessed of a high-sounding title like “Official Interrogator” or “Town Registrar.”“What is your occupation?” she probed. What made me say it, I do not know . The words simply popped out. “Im a Research Associate in the field of Child Development and Human Relations.”The clerk paused, ballpoint pen frozen in midair, and looked up as though she had not heard right.I repeated the title slowly, emphasizing the most significant words. Then I stared with wonder as my pronouncement was written in bold, black ink on the official questionnaire. “Might I ask,” said the clerk with new interest, “just what you do in your field?” Coolly, without any trace of fluster in my voice, I heard myself reply, “I have a continuing program of research, (what mother doesnt), in the laboratory and in the field (normally I would have said indoors and out). Im working for my Masters, (the whole family), and already have four credits (all daughters). Of course, the job is one of the most demanding in the humanities, (Any mother cares to disagree?) and I often work 14 hours a day (24 is more like it). But the job is more challenging than most run-of-the-mill careers and the rewards are more of a satisfaction rather than just money.”There was an increasing note of respect in the clerks voice as she completed the form, stood up, and personally ushered me to the door. As I drove into our driveway, buoyed up by my glamorous new career, I was greeted by my lab assistants ages 13, 7, and 3. Upstairs I could hear our new experimental model (a 6-month-old baby) in the child-development program, testing out a new vocal pattern. I felt triumphant! I had scored a beat on bureaucracy! And I had gone on the official records as someone more distinguished and indispensable to mankind than “just another mother.” Motherhood . What a glorious career! Especially when theres a title on the door. Does this make grandmothers “Senior Research Associates in the field of Child Development and Human Relations” and great grandmothers “Executive Senior Research Associates”? I think so!I also think it makes aunts “Associate Research Assistants.”
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