专业英语词汇学教程.ppt

EnglishLexicology英语词汇学,CarlChang常亮15310917176vocchangvocchang（公邮）EnglishCollege英语学院2010/09,常亮：副教授，87年川外硕士毕业；93-94年美国访问学者，94年四川省优秀青年骨干教师，95-04年英语系副主任，04年日本高校管理研习，05年日本修读“中日比较英语”博士；主担课程有：词汇学、文体学、英译汉；发表有：“英语教学：教什么，如何教”，“从-er看英语的构词和词汇”，“语法正确与地道英语”，“试论英语词汇系统的构成”，“虚实词分类质疑”，“试析克林顿北大演讲风格”，“非谓语表探”，“英语的形素及形素系统”，“当今美语时尚浅析”，“我看词的定义”，“关于英语的偏离否定”等论文。,Theteacher,Funny/interesting:officialnames:A.B.;Voc;FunnyChang;JiaoziChang;etc.Otherexperiences:publishorperish?Strict:attendance;(critical)thinking+hardpractice;Helping;tobehelpedCreative/original;Personalguiding,Introduction,Carlsexperiencewithwords：voc；pc;JapWords+vocabulary+lexicology:Types,varieties,stylesandtheirfeaturesLexicologyandlinguisticsVocabularyandgoodEnglish,Objectives目标,通过讲授词汇学基本理论、并着重通过对各种实例进行构词、语义及词类分析，对学生进行词汇分析基本训练，使学生了解并初步掌握词汇学理论、基本词汇学概念和词汇框架以及各种英语词汇特征，初步学会对词汇进行正确的分析，提高学生使用和欣赏各种英语词语和具体英语单词的能力、了解并关注词汇文体的意识及词汇分析能力，提高学生的逻辑思维能力、英汉语言词汇比较能力和词汇翻译能力。,Thetextbook,张维友英语词汇学教程华中师大出版社2006年,Referencestouse,林承璋英语词汇学引论（第3版）武汉大学出版社2005丁建新现代英语词汇学教程重庆大学出版社2004年陆国强现代英语词汇学（新）上外教出版社1999年汪榕培英语词汇学高级教程上外教出版社2002年冯世梅英语词汇学中国水利水电出版社2006年中国国际广播电台CRIThe21stCenturynewspaper,Requirements要求,翻译方向/专业/班次的学生必选；其他任选。要求学生通过认真听讲、积极参与提问和讨论、读阅一些参考书、结合其它场合的语料，多多观察体会从而领会词语构成、语义、文体。完成presentation任务，期末参加含有课程论文的测试，并以此作为成绩。,CoursePolicy,Regularattendance:5-scoreminusforeachabsenceClassparticipationaward:2-5scoresforclasscontributionScores:finalexam70%+regular30%,Theways,Selective,1term,ExamTolearnanduseword-buildingwaysToevaluate+appreciatewordtypes/stylesFramework,basicideasFocusonsamplestudiesLectures+discussions+questions+prezentationObserve+thinksamples/examples,Incomparisonto,ChineselexicologyandvocabularyVocabularytranslationGrammar/logicstudySemantics/pragmaticsStylistics,Keytopics,WordformationWordclassificationWordmeaningWorddevelopment/change,Chap1Basicconcepts,Word:minimal,free,meaningful,spoken：teacher,blackboard,theVocabulary:general/givenintime,space,domain,person,usageSoundrealty;cell;veep(vp);subprimemortgage;foreclosure;Neutral:bailout,Chap1Typesofwords(2),Content/functional:the,aroundNative/borroweddenizen,alien,translationloan,semanticloanBorrowedChinese:kungfu(martialart),tofu,kuanxi,landlord,mao-tai,yuan,yin-yang,won-tonBorrowedJap:kimono,sushi,karate,tycoon,judo,sakura,massage,yen,Chap2Changingvocabu,History:450-1150-1500-1700-1945Features:de-inflection;adaptability;heterogeneityBorrowedelements,Chap3Morphology,Word-buildingcomponentsMorph,morpheme,allomorphBound/freeRoot/stem/baseRoot/affixAffix:derivational/inflexionalAffix:prefix/suffix,Wordformation,Affixation30%-40%Compounding28%-30%Conversion26%Shortening10%Productive:un-;-yexceptions,affixation,=derivationprefixsuffix,Chap4Derivation:negativeprefixes,productive/native/short:-y,etc.distributionun-:productive/native/shortin-(im-;il-;ir):non-proddis-:non-prodnon-:alittleproda-:neverprod,Chap4Examplesfornega1,inadequate/insufficient,insane,incapable,inconsistent;#in/un+advisable/adaptable/sanitary(unhealthy),indistinct/unclear,insecure,insincere,inconsiderate,incorrect,incompetent,incredulous/incredible,unhealthy,insignificant/unimportant,inaccurate/imprecise,inactive,irrational,improper/inappropriate,unequal/inequality,continued,unprofessional,unreasonable,unsuitable,?in/unadjustable,unpopular(irregular,dissimilar),unsystematic,unsympathetic,unfamiliar,unfortunate,inedible/uneatable,unaware;inexpensive/unrich,im/unpractical/unrealisticunforgettable,*unforgetful,unfaithful,continued,inexistence,un/dis/imbalanced,(interested),invaluable=priceless,unvalued=valueless,*unvaluable,infamous/indifferent,#in/un-cautious/frequent/stabledissimilarity,dismount,disgrace,disrespect,disapproval,disable(ment),dislike/unlike,continued,un-American/non-Americannonbook/nonfiction/nonnovelnon-hero/anti-herounperson/unpeoplenon-smoker/un-smoker,continued,amoral,un/immoral,non-moral,unethicalatheist,abnormal,atypical,asymmetry(uneven),anarchy,anonymous,ascetic,abuse,?,“不够，混乱，不能，不合适，不安，不清楚，考虑不周，不健康，无道理/理智，无意义，不礼貌，难忘”,Chap4Reversionprefixes,de-:alittleproductivedis-:non-prod;disposable;disproduct;disable;un-:native,veryproductive,Chap4Examplesforrevers,defrost/unfreeze;unfix(do,tie,pack,write,fold,roll);unrest/disorder;derail(regulate,occupy,compose,bus,control,pollution,forestation);disconnect(infect,color,courtesy),Chap4Pejorativepref,mal-mis-pseudo-malnourish(nutritious,function,develop)misleading(diagnose,dial,giving,inform,conception)mis/decode,un/discoverpseudonym/graph,(-塑料，-知识分子）,?,“营养/发育不良，畸形，失灵”“假钱/肢/发/花/货/艺术家/民主/检讨”,Chap4Degreeprefixes1,hyper:plane,sonic,mallsuper:jet,man,power,secret,script,port,structure(infrastructure),etteout:act,grow,live,run,do,eat,weigh,sleep,Hitler,tank,man,missile,numberover:culture,exploit,cook,sleep,eat,(sur)charge,educate,dressed,tax,speedunder:cook,charge,educate,develop,privileged,tax,produce,servicedsub:normal,prof,title,let,employ,primemortgage,manager,center,cult,marine,continent,Chap4Degreepref2,mini,midi,maxi:skirt,bus,order,war,radio,mini-mini-skirtmicro:mike,microminiskirt,scopemega:enterpriseextra:ordinary,money,marital,ET大中小号衣服(XL,L,M,S);特大、大中小型（企业）ultra:violet,marine,left,modern,sound,Chap4Attitudeprefixes,Anti:social,aircraft,missile,cancer,body,gas,material,dote,climax,American,pollution,hero,novel,knock,magnetic,apartheid,skid,phrasis,euro,（耐/防火/水）counter:revolution,intelligence,act,part,example,ctu反时针？pro:euro,Japco:chair,heir,owner,?wife,ed,existence,op,colleague,compact/patriot/fort/bine,contract/tact,correlation,Chap4Locativepref,inter:view,lude,provincial,act,disciplinary,change,com,dept,coolerintra:personal,tele:com,conference,school,diagnosetrans:oceanic,racial,vertist跨国公司/婚姻,跨文化,多国部队,国际刑警,Chap4Timeprefixes,ex:girlfriend,serviceman,前总统？;fore:tell,see,stall,runner,closure;ante:room,cedent,date,meridian,type,natal;post:modern,war,pone,treatment,modifier,neonatal,911,Olympic,quake,industrial,(code);pre:conference,lib,lude,view,marital,(antenuptial),payment,history,cancer,sort;re:write,?say,call/collect/cycle,cover,sign,act,lay,claim,play,inforce,charge,fill;婚前/后，再婚/复婚，前言;,Chap4Numberprefixes1,semiconductor(diameter,prof,circle,cylinder);hemiparasitic(cycle);demiluneunicycle(axial,lateral,versity);monogamy(log,morpheme,theism,graph,plane,poly)bigamy(ennial/annual);dialog(meric,phthong,oxygen)tripod(o,mester,jet/dent,nity,lingual)multinational(pole,shift);polysemy(gamy,gon,valent,center,uria,thene)trilingual,bilingual,American?,Chap4Numberprefixes2,centimeter(grade,pede,tury)kilogrammillimeter(liter,ennium,microsecond)quartette;pentagon,quinquennial;hexameter,sextet;September;octavo;nonagon;decimal,Chap4Conversionprefixes,awake(foot,fire,float,bed,ware,like,board,glaze)befool(madam,witch,ware,calm,devil)encage(cash,bank,circle,joy,kindle,shroud,roll,brace,slave,throne,force,lighten),Chap4Miscellaneousprefixes,neolithic(classic)autonym(nomy,alarm,maker,cide);self-denial(servicemeal,buffet)pan-American(orama,ocea,SISU?)prototype(word,language,history,virus)vice-dean(associate/assistantprof,amayor,deputyminister,sub-manager,assistantsecretary,under-secretary,deputy-assistant)bio-chem;eco-cide;e-friend;cyber-timeperennial,Chap4Suffixes,n.+-er等=n.v.+-er等=n.n.+其它v.+其它其它+其它其它,Chap4-er,bedder,N.Y.-er,Chongqinger,villager,old-timer,officer,jobber,double-decker,pre-schooler,fiver,porker,liner,1st-timer,footer,back-hander,trafficker,soccer,partner,toddler,lawyer,netter,3-pointer,wheeler,X-er,SISUer,finger,weather,matter,shower;sampler,stapler,healer,mere-sayerof-,singer,free-lancer,server/ant,informer/ant,helper,watcher,cooker,sucker,eye-opener,Chap4-er(continued),West-Pointer,cottager,bowler,golfer,second-grader,f-/b-baller,foreigner;thriller,silencer/muffler,shutter,drawer,sawyer,er,feeler,diner,speaker,layer,window-shopper,face-lifter,second-guesser,woman-hunter,lady-killer,sit-inner,stay-a-whiler;poker,Webster,shower,upper,supper,Chap4-ervsothers,weaponeer,rocketeer,routineer,pamphleteer;youngster,rhymester/er/ist,receiver/ist;author,doctor,actor,survivor,elevator,educator,monitor,sector,liberator,sailor,tailor,translator,professor,sensor;beggar,scholar,liar;pedlar/er,interpreter,observer;,and,Informer/informant,servant/server;Rhymer/rhymist;feminist,sexist,racist;Evacuee,refugee,payee,interviewee,nominee,referee,addressee(*seeee,*layee,),committee,fiance,divorcee(*deceasee),retiree,absentee;,Chap4-essvs“female”,actress,poetess,princess,tigress,manageress,authoress,?stewardess女英雄，女生，女大学生，女朋友，女医生，母猫,Chap4“小”,piglet,islet,pamphlet,flatlet,playlet;duckling,professorling,underling;superette,undergraduatette,Othersuffixes,Cognates:Link/linkage;waste/wastage;drainage;leakage*ing;-ry:1.Rivalry;2.forestry;cookery3.peasantry/officialdom;membership/adulthood/adultery;/neighborhoodApply(ance/ation);Denial,rehearsal,arrival;original,influential,presidential,governmental;Clearness/clarity;activeness/productivity;Real(ity,*ness,ty,tor,ize,ism,ist,istic);Differ(n.,-ence,ential,entiate);,and,Erroneous,cautious,courteous;mountainous/hilly;Bushy,woody(wooded),hairy,fiery,pushy,picky,jerky,goofy,funky,handy(hanky,dolly,goody);-iness;-lessness;,and,Sustainable,feasible,visible(ity);Scandalize,commercialize,advertise(ment),publicize(ity),computerize(ation),disable(ment)(ity);Beautify/uglify,electrify,simplify,diversify;(Amplify),broaden(widen,enlarge(ment)(ing),soften,lighten(lighter,lightning,enlighten(ment);Stimulate,evaporate,automate,解放;,Suffixreview,Cognates:rhyme/receive;sex;leak;clear;real;apply;exhaust;publi-女权主义者；裁判；离婚者；未婚妻；委员会；排练；有影响的；政府的；Nouns:Active;productive;-ful/less/y;成熟的；多山的；话多的；无价的；可行的；可见的；可持续的；小心的；丑化；电（脑）化；固/气/汽/液化；自动化；多样化；硬/软化；拴牢；扩/放大；解放；区分；致残/聋；消音；激活/化；成熟；名词化？,Chap4NCompounding,n+n=n:1.地点；2.时间；3.所属；4.目的；5.方式；6.比拟；7.主宾；8.主谓；9.动宾；morningpost,weekendnews,fieldwork,seat/safety(safe)belt,laptop,kitchenknife,doorknob,bottleneck,moonlight,snakeegg,schoolbus,egghead,steamengine,air-/hand-brake,steelplant,gas/spotlight,industry/governmentmanagement,industrialproduction,haircut,bookreview,birth-control/family-planning,self-defense,sunflower,frogman,dragonfly;,continued,(主谓；动宾）sunset,youthquake,heartbeat,toothpick,lipstick,pickpocket,callgirl,watchdog,knitwear,turntable,searchlight,flashlight,new-wed,Bushspeak,Clitonspeak;（定名）cross-talk,funnyman,longleg(left-hander),gray-collar,blueberet,redcap,firsthusband,reversediscrimination,reverseharassment;,continued,sleepingpill/bag/car/dog,walkingstick;sun-bathing,wordbuilding,backswimming,handwriting,house-warming;dish-washer,gun-bearer,beauty-hunter;be-in,gay-in,teach-in,callin,kick-back,kick-off,pile-up,carry-on,carry-away,take-out,pickup,crackdown,blackout,makeup,havent;win-win,see-saw,walkie-lookie,hit-or-miss,hit-and-run,wash-and-wear,wait-see,hiphop,tick-tock;ha-ha-ha,touch-me-not,forget-me-not,God-knows-what,whatyacalit,MrGobbledgook;?antiestablishmentarianism;,Chap4ACompounding,man-eating/-eaten,face-lifting,mouth-watering,far-reaching,good-looking;order-/custom-made,hand-made,home-made,new-born,sun-struck,far-fetched,hard-won,well-meant,poverty-stricken,quake-hit;home-sick,customer-friendly,pitchblack,bee-busy,care/tax-free,class-conscious,Sino-Jap;long-term,apple-pie,first-hand,ten-minute,24-hour/round-the-clock,3-legged,good-willed,warm-hearted,under-the-weather,middle-of-the-road;face-to-face,hand-in-hand,mouth-to-mouth,shoulder-by-shoulder;,Chap4复合(汉译英）,方便面，火锅，保健食品，笔记本电脑，救生衣，墨镜，隐形眼镜，家用电器，速记，速冻，空运，人造，转基因食品，禽流感，高血压，中暑，高压锅，综艺节目，边缘科学，差生，选修课，素质教育，义务教育，对口支援，环境友好型，科技含量高，教徒，红娘，黄粱美梦，白日梦，梦话，梦游，划时代的，期盼已久的，外贸，外办，留学生，畅通工程，二环路，和平共处，春蕾计划，城市规划，差额选举，小康社会，保税区，保值储蓄，社会保障，搬迁户，按揭贷款，轻轨/快轨，红绿灯，不可再生资源，不良贷款，第三产业，粗放式管理，大专，彻头彻尾，职场，待业，二次创业，倒计时，电视直销，传销，吊销执照，豆腐渣工程，法轮功,Referencetranslation,Instantnoodles，hotpot,health-carefood,notebook,lifejacket,dark/sunglasses,contactlens,homeappliances,short-hand,quick-frozen,air-borne,man-made,genetically-modifiedfood,birdflu,highbloodpressure,sunstroke,high-pressurecooker,varietyshow,boundaryscience,slowstudent,optional/selectivecourse,qual-edu,compulsoryedu,one-to-onesupport,environment-friendly,hi-tech-intensive,church-goer,go-between/match-maker,fonddream,daydream,sleeptalk,sleepwalk,continued,epoch-making,long-awaited,intltrade,foreignaffairsoffice,intlstudent,smoothproject,2ndRingRoad,peacefulco-existence,SpringBudsProgram,urbanplanning,competitiveelection,well-offsociety,low-tax,tariff-freezone/bondedarea,inflation-proofbanksavings,socialsecurity,re-locatedhousehold,mortgageloan,E.T.,trafficlights,non-renewableresources,non-performingloan,tertiaryindustry/servicesector,extensivemanagement,juniorcollege,out-and-out,workfield/jobmarket,job-awaiting,startanewundertaking,countdown,TVhomeshopping,multi-levelmarketing/pyramid-selling,revokelicense,jerry-builtproject,FalunGongCult,Chap4Conversion,tonounstoverbstoadjectivestoothers,egofconversion,Topandtailtheturnip;belt/seat/cap/bandage/mask(unmask)sb;Code?(encode/decode);head?QQ/ACDsth/sb;onthemove/go;havethesay;survey/contact/加油(v./n.);face-to-face(converted/compounded?);有何区别(converted);2份辣的；看得清楚(seeclear)；牙齿咬；偷盗;,Shortening(缩短词),Chap4blending(拼缀词),Octoburst,blog,vlog,botel,lumper,spork,slurb,stag/slumpflation,psy-war,confriction,sci-fi,hi-fi,po-sci,Interpol,phys-ed,slanguage,Chinglish/Japlish,lansign,Chindia,Amslan,Amway,Amtrak,advertistics,slimnastics,youthquake,vegiburger,Californiaburger,bio-chem,eco-cide,geo-politics,astropolicy,Oxbridge,womenslib,continued,Iran-gate,Zipper-gate,Whitewater-gate,information-gate,agent-gate;planimal,edutainment,informercial,sheeple,trimester,net/workaholic,medicaid,sexmag,Mangazine,auto-maker,Arfiam,Michiana,Bushomics,e-mail,b-ball,La-Z-boy,E-Z-lern,Savmor,Quash,Wal-mart,Chap4Clipping截短词,biz,scope,thenet,jet,specs,heli,info,expo,ad,gas,vet,porn,lube,lit,lib,Jap,intercom,telecom,ref,vegi,photo,undies,grad,prof,pro,prob,doc,sis,hubby,de,tec,cop,pacifist,champ,chimp,kilo,tri,super,mike,funky,aggro,euro,global,perk,deli,Afro,sike,pre-fab,co-op,3-D,3-H,3Cs/Ps/Ls,Jim/G,Cathy,dialog,progam,color,rite,lite,tuf,hi-rise,Co.Inc.,weve,cant,Mr.yur,h,Chap4Initialism,VOC,NPR,NBC,CBS,ABC,CNN,NHK,CRI,CQTV?;VP(veep),RV,O.K.,gmf,msg,ceo,mne,gf,bf,un/uw,CPU,HKSAR,BOCOG,ASEAN,OPEC,APEC,SCO,TA,P.E.,P.S.ASL,NETTYOS,G-X,G20,SST-er,PCness,SARS,A/H1N1,ID(5m),W.C.,B-B-Q,WASP,EU,ESP,TESL,TOEFL,TOEIC,IELTS,GRE,SAT,3L,LAPD,GB,PRC,MP/PM,MA,Ph.D,WHO,WTO,SISU,DOD,FBI,CIA,IRS,GE/GM,IBM,AtEnglish;morphology;vocabulary;phonetic/graphic,Chap7Meaningchange(2),Types:A.extensionvsnarrowingB.elevationvsdegradationC.transference:associatedabstractconcretesubjectiveobjectivesynesthesiaD.euphemism,Chap7Meaningchange(3),Mechanismsimilarity/contactbetwshape/contentCausessocio-/extra-linguistic:historical;cognitive/mentallinguistic:shortening;competing,Chap8Meaningrhymelexical:reiteration;repetition;juxtapositionsemantic:simile;metaphor;metonymy;synecdoche;personification;euphemism,Chap9Idioms(3),Changedidioms:replacementaddition/deletionposition-shiftingshorteningdismembering,Chap10Dictionaries,TypesUses,Chap11Vocablearning,Waystoenlargeyourvocabulary:schemalexicalphrasediscourse,Thankyouforyourpatientparticipation!ThisisVOC.,