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定语从句,Themanwholivesnexttoussellsvegetables.,先行词,放置于名词之_，修饰名词的从句,关系词,连接作用,1.,2.,在从句中充当成分,后,关系词,1.,关系代词,2.,关系副词,1.,指人,2.,指物,3.,指某一情况,that,who,whom,whose,that,which,whose,which,as,不能放于句首,放于句中或句首,“正如”,when,where,why,(主语/宾语),(状语),1、_isoftenthecase,wehaveworkedouttheproductionplan.（04江苏）A.WhichB.WhenC.WhatD.As2、Johnsaidhedbeenworkingintheofficeforanhour,_wastrue.（01北京春季）AheBthisCwhichDwho,1)非限制性定语从句一般采用which或as来引导。使用这两个词时要注意三点：（1）as引导的从句可以放在主句之前，而which引导的从句只能放在主句之后。（2）从意义上讲，which指前面主句的内容；而as指代的是作为一般人都知道的常识性的东西，因此常译成“就象那样、正如所的”。（3）如果定语从句的内容对主句的内容起消极作用，则用which，而不用as，,考点一：关系代词:as,D,C,注意thesameas/suchas的使用问题当先行词被thesame所修饰时，关系词既可以用as，也可以用that。在表示具体事物时，有时两者有一定的区别。一般说来，表示同一种类多用as，表示同一事物多用that。如：ThisisthesameinstrumentthatIusedyesterday.这就是我昨天用过的那台仪器。ThisisthesameinstrumentasIusedyesterday.这台仪器跟我昨天用过的那台一样。在抽象概念上，同种类和同一事物是没有绝对区别的，所以两个词可换用：Ihavethesameopinionas/thatyouhave.,Suchas与suchthatHeissuchagoodteacher_weallloveandrespect.AthatB.asC.whoD.so,B,他是那样一位好老师，我们大家都热爱和尊敬他,他是一位我们大家都热爱和尊敬的好老师,Heissuchagoodteacherthatweallloveandrespecthim.,Heissuchagoodteacherasweallloveandrespect.,1.a.Itissuchaninterestingbook_weallwanttoreadtwice.b.Itissuchaninterestingbook_weallwanttoreadittwice.Aas,asB.that,thatC.as,thatD.that,as2.Ihaveneverheardsuchstories_hetells.A.AsB.thatC.whichD.what,C,A,考点二：分析有无先行词,巧解定语从句试题先行词是被定语从句所修饰的中心名词,没有它的存在,定语从句就不能成立。,例1:Hemadeanotherwonderfuldiscovery,_ofgreatimportancetoscience.A.whichIthinkisB.whichIthinkitisC.whichIthinkitD.Ithinkwhichis,因为定语从句中不能出现代替先行词的词,故B、C为错误选项,另外关系代词应紧接在先行词后面,所以插入语Ithink应放在关系代词后面。,A,例2:Isthisfactory_youvisitedyesterday?A.WhichB.thatC.whereD.theone,不少同学可能会将factory作为先行词而误选A或B,其实将该句还原成陈述句Thisfactoryis_youvisitedyesterday.时,可以清楚地发现该定语从句缺少在从句中作宾语的先行词,所以应填theone。,D,例3:Thestudentsinourclassstudyharderthan_areintheirclass.A.whoB.thosewhoC.thatD.which,分析语境含义及句子结构可知,该空缺少先行词和在定语从句中作主语的关系代词,所以应填thosewho。,B,考点三：有时先行词含义较为抽象,较难看出其属性,应多加思索并认真分析后才能正确解题。,例1:Hesgothimselfintoadangeroussituation_heislikelytolosecontrolovertheplane.A.whereB.whichC.whileD.why,析:先行词situation意为“处境”,表抽象地点且在定语从句中作地点状语,所以应用关系副词where引导定语从句。,例2:Icanthinkofmanycases_studentsobviouslyknewalotofEnglishwordsandexpressionsbutcouldntwriteagoodessay.A.whyB.whichC.asD.where,析:manycases意为“场合”,表抽象地点且在定语从句中作地点状语,所以应用关系副词where来引导定语从句。,例3:Herillnesswillnotdeveloptothepoint_nomedicinecancureher.A.whereB.whichC.thatD.as例四；Werejusttryingtoteachapoint_bothsideswillsitdowntogetherandtalk.（06山东）A.whereB.thatC.whenD.which,析:point意为“地步”,表抽象地点且在定语从句中作地点状语,所以应用关系副词where来引导定语从句。,A,考点四：whose指物时可与ofwhich等互换，但应注意与冠词的位置关系。如：,Thisisthebook,thecoverofwhichwhosecover,isblue.,1)Lastmonth,partofSoutheastAsiawasstruckbyfloods,from_effectsthepeoplearestillsuffering.（05天津卷）A.thatB.whoseC.thoseD.what2)GeorgeOrwell,_wasEricArthur,wrotemanypoliticalnovelsandessays.(04北京）A.therealnameB.whathisrealnameC.hisrealnameD.whoserealname,B,D,“whose+名词中心词”这一结构在定语从句中既能作主语（如题2），又能作宾语（如题1）。whose的先行词常用来指人（如题2），但有时也可以用来指具体事物或抽象概念（如题1），这时可以与ofwhich结构互换，词序是：“名词+ofwhich”。题1可变为：fromtheeffectsofwhich,考点五：关系代词和关系副词的比较,1、Doyoustillrememberthechickenfarm_wevisitedthreemonthsago?（05北京春季）A.whereB.whenC.thatD.what2、Thereweredirtymarksonhertrousers_shehadwipedherhands.（04全国II）A.whereB.whichC.whenD.that,C,A,当先行词是表时间的time,day等和表地点的place,house等时，一定要注意分析从句的结构。如果缺少主语或宾语，关系词应该用which或that,缺少时间状语或地点状语时，才能用when或where。题1中的farm作visited的宾语，故选C；题2中的trousers作wiped的地点状语，故选A。,考点六：介词加关系代词引导定语从句,1、Theplace_thebridgeissupposedtobebuiltshouldbe_thecross-rivertrafficistheheaviest.(05江苏卷)A.which;whereB.atwhich;whichC.atwhich;whereD.which;inwhich2、Hewaseducatedatalocalgrammarschool,_hewentontoCambridge.（05山东卷）A.fromwhichB.afterthatC.afterwhichD.fromthis,C,C,题1中theplace在定语从句中作tobebuilt的地点状语，此处的atwhich相当于where;后面是表语从句，表示建在某地。题2表示读完当地的语法学校后去剑桥深造，故选C。,介词加关系代词引导定语从句是近几年高考中的热点，复习中需注意以下几个问题：,关系代词作介词宾语，不论是在限制性定语从句中，还是在非限制性定语从句中，当介词前置时，只能用whom指人，which指物；但如果介词后置，则不受这种限制，关系代词还可以省去，特别是在口语中。如：Doyouknowtheboytowhomshewastalking?Doyouknowtheboy(that)shewastalkingto?Thepencil(which/that)hewaswritingwithsuddenlybroke.,2.要确认关系代词前用什么介词，需根据从句中的动词与先行词的关系来确定。所以解题时需分析从句与主句之间的关系。,解题思路,1。通读全句，首先考虑是不是某种句型，如强调句型。,4。将选项代入句子，看前后是否语意贯通。,2。题干若是疑问句，首先把它恢复为正常语序,3。观察设空的前前后后，确地定从句的性质，回忆相关从句的用法特点。从中作出取舍。,Correctthesentences:,1.Imusingthepenwhichheboughtityesterday.2.Isthatfactorywhichyourfatheronceworkedin?3.ThemanwhomIspokeisfromCanada.4.July1,1999isthedaywhenwellneverforget.,_,(去掉),which,_,to,theone,Correctthesentences:,5.IstillremembertheholidaysIstayedwiththem.6.Imgoingtoworkinthehospitalwhereneedsme.7.ThosewhichhaventbeentotheWestLakewillgatherattheschoolgate.8.Idontlikethewaywhichyoutalkedtoyourfriend.,in,when,_,who,(that/which),Correctthesentences:,9.ThisisthelasttimewhenIvegivenyoulessons.10.Soontheycametoafarmhouse,andinfrontofwhichsatasmallboy.11.Weheardthenewswhichourteamwonthegame.12.Thereasonwhichheexplaineditsoundsreasonable.,_,that,_,that,_,why,it,_,Correctthesentences:,13.Thoseatthedeskwanttobuyticketswritedownyournames.14.Thatwasthereasonbecauseshelookedold.15.MissChenistheonlyoneofthefewteacherswhogiveuswonderfulEnglishlessonsinourschool.16.Taiwan,thatweknow,belongstoChina.,as,who,_,_,_,gives,why,Correctthesentences:,17.Itistheonlyoneofthebestfilmsthathavebeenshownrecently.18.ThethirdplacewhichwearegoingtovisitisHangzhou.19.Whichisknowntoall,manysatellitearegoingaroundinthesky.20.Thestudentsandthingswhichyouspokeofareknowntous.,that,_,_,has,As,that,_,_,巩固练习：1。Helenwasmuchkindertoheryoungestsonthantotheothers,_,ofcourse,madetheothersenvyhim.（04天津）AwhoBthatCwhatDwhich2.TheEnglishplay_mystudentsactedattheNewYearspartywasagreatsuccess.（04全国I）AforwhichBatwhichCinwhichDonwhich3。TherewastimeIhatedtogotoschool.（04湖北）Aa;thatBa;whenCthe;thatDthe;when4.Thejourneyaroundtheworldtooktheoldsailorninemonths,_thesailingtimewas226days.（04广西）A.ofwhichB.duringwhichC.fromwhichD.forwhich5。Therearetwobuildings,standsnearlyahundredfeethigh.（04湖北）AthelargerBthelargerofthemCthelargeronethatDthelargerofwhich,C,A,D,D,B,6。Manypeoplewhohadseenthefilmwereafraidtogototheforestwhentheyrememberedthescenes_peoplewereeatenbythetiger.(05广东卷)A.inwhichB.bywhichC.whichD.that7。Iwalkedinourgarden,_TomandJimweretyingabigsignontooneofthetrees.（05辽宁卷）AwhichBwhenCwhereDthat8。Doyoustillrememberthechickenfarm_wevisitedthreemonthsago?（05北京春季）A.whereB.whenC.thatD.what9。Jimpassedthedrivingtest,_surprisedeverybodyintheoffice.（05浙江卷）AwhichBthatCthisDit10。_Iexplainedonthephone,yourrequestwillbeconsideredatthenextmeeting.（05浙江卷）AWhenBAfterCAsDSince,A,C,C,A,C,
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