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Collocation,词语的搭配关系,Collocation,搭配关系:词与词之间的横向组合关系，即什么词经常和什么词组合在一起。词的意义在特定的搭配中常常有特定的意思。语言学家从共现（co-occurrence)角度来探讨这一语言现象。,Collocation,搭配关系:Firth指出“由词之结伴可知其词”（youshallknowawordbythecompanyitkeeps）(Firth1957)。,Collocation,词的类连结是指词与词之间横组合语法关系（grammaticalrelation),即指一系列的词作为某一词类的成分根据语法结构连接在一起。TheboykickstheballIenjoygoingtoconcertIenjoytogotoconcert,Collocation,选择性限制：HeelapsedthemanHefrightenedthathewascoming.,Collocation,选择性限制:Heelapsedaweekago.Themanfrightenedtheidea.,Collocation,选择限制：AweekelapsedTheideafrightenedtheman.,Collocation,改错：1.Myidealjobisateacher.2.Thisyearwillproducemoregrainthanlastyear.3.Letmerepeatitagain,Collocation,1.Myidealjobisteaching2.Wewillproducemoregrainthisyearthanlastyear3.Letmerepeatit.,Collocation,1.Strongman体格强壮的人2.Strongwind强风3.Strongmajority绝大多数4.Strongdemand巨大的需求5.Strongmind健全的头脑6.Strongrope牢固的绳子7.Strongwill坚强的意志,Collocation,8.Strongargument有力的论据9.Strongreasons十足的理由10.Stronglight强烈的灯光11.Strongvoice响亮的嗓音12.Strongwine烈性酒13.Strongpoison剧毒14.Strongperfume浓郁的香水,Collocation,15.Strongcheese气味刺鼻子的奶酪16.Strongsolution浓溶液17.Strongopponent劲敌18.Strongeconomy实力雄厚的经济19.Strongeyes眼力敏锐20.Stronglanguage骂人的话,Collocation,限制：语义+结构词：词义功能判断下列句子：注意，不要把这本书损坏了。Takecarenottodestroythebook.,Collocation,or2.公共汽车是很普遍的交通工具Thebusisaverypopulartool.3.我决心提高我的英语水平。IamdeterminedtoraisethelevelofEnglish,Collocation,思维角度与搭配选择1.慢车1)slowtrain；2)localtrain2.沉睡1)deepsleep;2)soundsleep3.淡水1)freshwater;2)lightwater4.候机厅1)waitinglounge2)departurelounge5.安全带1)seatbelt;2)safebelt6.老顾客1）oldcustomer2)regularcustomer7.养父母1)adoptiveparents2)adoptedparents8.软禁1)softarrest2)housearrest,Collocation,搭配范围：语义的吻合Hekilledthedog.他杀死了那只狗Theykilledtheproposal他们断然拒绝了建议Pleasekilltheengine.请把发动机熄灭,Collocation,搭配范围：语义的吻合Heisdressedtokill.他穿得很时髦，十分吸引人。Youarekillingme.你说的话笑死我了。你的动作笑死我了。Shekillsherchildwithkindness她宠坏了小孩Hetookasnacktokillhishunger.他吃零食充饥。,搭配范围：语义的吻合,Hekilledthemotionwhenitcamefromthecommittee.它否决了委员会提出的动议。Hekilledhimselfwithoverwork他因工作过度劳累而死。Hekilledthespiritofthegroup.它抹杀了团体精神。Thenewskilledtheirhope.这个消息使他的希望破灭了。,搭配范围：语义的吻合,Hekilledthreebottlesofwhiskyinaweek.他一周内喝了三瓶威士忌。Ivebeenrackingmybrainstothinkofsomewaytokilltime.我绞尽脑汁想法子消磨时间。Hewassoworriedabouttheexamthathereadthebook20times.Personally,Ithinkthatisoverkill.他非常紧张这次考试，把书看了不下20遍。我觉得他紧张得太过了头。,搭配范围：语义的吻合,Hekilledthetreebysprayingittooheavily.他给树浇了太多的水，把树给浇死了。Tokilltimeisasortofsuicide.浪费时间就等于自杀,英汉对比：搭配：相配与不相配,原文：Heonceagainimpartedtoushisgreatknowledge,experienceandwisdom.译文1.他又一次把他的伟大的知识、经验和智慧给予了我们。译文2.我们又一次领受到了他渊博的知识、宝贵的经验和深邃的智慧。,英汉对比：搭配：相配与不相配,原文：Youcannotbuildaship,abridgeorhouseifyoudontknowhowtomakeadesignorhowtoreadit.译文：不会制图或看不懂图纸，就不可能造船、架桥或盖房子。,英汉对比：搭配：相配与不相配,1）Anaggressivecountryisalwaysreadytostartawar.一个好侵略的国家总是准备发动战争2）Anaggressiveyoungmancangofarinthisfirm.一个富有进取心的青年在这家公司前途无量。,英汉对比：搭配：相配与不相配,Jumpattheopportunity:迅速抓住机会IfIhadthechancetogotoalectureonpersonalfinance,Idjumpattheopportunity.如果有机会参加有关个人理财的讲座，我一定会去的。,英汉对比：搭配：相配与不相配,Badmouth:vt说坏话、恶意攻击DidIdoanythingwrong?Hejustbad-mouthedmetoeverybody.,英汉对比：搭配：相配与不相配,Shesweatheringherboyfriendsdeathwithremarkablestrength.Shetellsherselfthelifemustgoon.他靠着强大的力量经受住了男友去世的噩耗。她告诉自己人生必须继续走下去。,英汉对比：搭配：相配与不相配,幽默：Betweenjobs:正在两个中作之间，幽默地表达失业了。Mostpeopleboughtthebookbecausetheyreindebt,betweenjobsorarestay-at-homemomswhoneedtoearnsomemoney.大多是买这本书的人都身负债务，正在找工作，或者是全职妈妈，他们导向挣些钱。,搭配：判断词义,1Itchtodosomething:渴望、热望ItchforsomethingHeisjustitchingtogotoTibetthissummervacationifhecangetawayfromhisstudies.2Catchsomebodyredhand当场抓获Ifoundthebeautyshopfilledwithpatients顾客,搭配：判断词义,1.Insteadofgettingapproval,hebypassedthemembersoftheboardandwentaheadwiththedeal.他未征得董事会的同意就做了这笔交易。2.Iknowbeingalongwayfromistough,James,butyouvegottomanup（坚强起来）.Yourparentswantyoutofinishyoureducation.詹姆斯，我知道远离家乡很不容易，但是你得坚强起来。你父母想要你学完学业。,固定搭配,1.Youcanthaveyourcakeandeatit.两者不能兼得2.Youneedtomakeyourmindaboutwhetheryouwantthejoboryourfreedom,youcanthaveyourcakeandeatittoo.你需要决定到底是要工作还是要自由，两者不能兼得。,固定搭配,Theriverrises河水上涨Thenightfalls夜幕降临Cleanforget忘得一干二净Tokilltwobirdswithonestone一箭双雕,固定搭配,隐喻反射：Adoginthemanger占着马槽的狗占着茅坑不拉屎Tohelpthelamedogoverthestiles帮助一条瘸狗翻过篱笆帮助别人度过难关,固定搭配,Idioms:英汉理解误区：1.Lockthestabledoorafterthehorseisstolen2.PullsomebodyslegForatimeIactuallybelievedthathiswifehadroyalblood.ThenIrealizedhewaspullingmyleg.,搭配：“小词”的语义功能,1.Lookatthesejobapplicationsandweedouttheonesthatdontmeetourstandard.仔细看看这些应聘材料，把不符合我们要求的筛掉。2.WhenIaskedthecompanypresidentifhewouldattendthemeeting,hesaidhedsitthisoneout(坐在一旁不参加)andletthesalesmanagerleadthediscussion.主席决定不参加会议，让销售经理组织讨论。,搭配：“小词”的语义功能,1.Pluckuponescourage:鼓起勇气Hespenthourspluckingupcouragetoaskhertomarryhim2.Musterup:聚集（力量、精神）Becauseofherheadache,ourteacherfeltveryweak.Butshemusteredupenoughstrengthtomakeittoclass.由于头痛，我们的老师感觉非常虚弱，但她还是打起精神来上课。,“小词”搭配陷阱,or1.Theprisonerwasdeprivedfromfreedom.2.Heisindependentfromhisfamily.3.Hesetagoodexampleforus,Collocation,英汉对比：发现问题？or1.谁是这车的主人？Whoisthehostofthiscar、2.人人都向往一个较好的生活水平。Everyonewantsabetterlevelofliving,Collocation,英汉对比：发现问题？or来信写到Theletterwrites2.Heworriedme.他担心我/他使我担心（？）,Collocation,Thankyou,
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