《被动语态的翻译》PPT课件.ppt

1,汉语被动意义的表达方式,“为”字结构“茅屋为秋风所破”“被”字式不幸语态“被捕”，“被剥削”，“被压迫”，“被杀”“让”、”给”、”叫”、“挨”、“受”、“遭”、“蒙”庄稼让大水冲跑了。Thecropswerewashedawaybytheflood.这股敌人全给游击队消灭了。Thewholehordeofenemysoldierswaswipedoutbytheguerrillas.,2,“是的”表示静态的句子这些产品是我国制造的。“的是”推荐我的是一位教授。“加以/予以”组成倒置的宾语结构。,3,使用受事主语大量的“当然被动句”困难克服了，工作完成了，问题也解决了。Thedifficultieshavebeenovercome,theworkhasbeenfinishedandtheproblemsolved.,4,被动语态的翻译,5,翻译方法,翻译成汉语的主动句“加以”,“经过”,“用来”增补泛指性的词语(人们,大家等)作主语主语译成宾语翻译成汉语的无主句翻译成带表语的主动句“是的译成汉语的被动语态汉语句中有“被”、“遭受”等词译成“为所”的结构译成“把”、“使”和“由”字句,6,翻译成汉语的主动句“加以”,“经过”,“用来”Otherquestionswillbediscussedbriefly.Nuclearpowersdangertohealth,safety,andevenlifeitselfcanbesummedupinoneword:radiation.,核能对健康、安全,甚至对生命本身构成的危险可以用一个词辐射来概括。,7,2.增补泛指性的词语(人们,大家等)作主语Itisgenerallyacceptedthattheexperiencesofthechildinhisfirstyearslargelydeterminehischaracterandlaterpersonality.,人们普遍认为,孩子们的早年经历在很大程度上决定了他们的性格及其未来的人品。,8,Itcouldbearguedthattheradioperformsthisserviceaswell,butontelevisioneverythingismuchmoreliving,muchmorereal.,可能有人会指出,无线电广播同样也能做到这一点,但还是电视屏幕上的节目要生动、真实得多。,9,Itisassertedthat有人主张Itisbelievedthat有人认为Itisgenerallyconsideredthat大家(一般人)认为Itiswellknownthat大家知道(众所周知)Itwillbesaid有人会说Itwastoldthat有人曾经说,10,3.主语译成宾语Bytheendofthewar,800peoplehadbeensavedbytheorganization,butatacostof200BelgianandFrenchlives.,这个组织拯救了八百人，,大战结束时,但那是以二百多比利时人和法国人的生命为代价的（但二百多比利时人和法国人却为此付出了生命代价)。,11,4.翻译成汉语的无主句Greateffortsshouldbemadetoinformyoungpeopleespeciallythedreadfulconsequencesoftakingupthehabitofsmoking.,应该尽最大努力告诫年轻人吸烟的危害,特别是吸上瘾后的可怕后果,12,Newsourceofenergymustbefound,andthiswilltaketime.,Itishopedthat希望Itisreportedthat据报道Itissaidthat据说Itissupposedthat据推测Itmaybesaidwithoutfearofexaggerationthat可以毫不夸张地说Itmustbeadmittedthat必须承认Itmustbepointedoutthat必须指出Itwillbeseenfromthisthat由此可见,13,5.翻译成带表语的主动句“是的”Thedecisiontoattackwasnottakenlightly.,进攻的决定不是轻易作出的。,Intheoldsociety，womenwerelookeddownupon.,在旧社会，妇女们是受歧视的。,14,译成汉语的被动语态。“被”,“给”,“遭”,“挨”,“为所”,“使”,“由”,“受到”等表示。Earlyfiresontheearthwerecertainlycausedbynature,notbyMan.地球上早期的火肯定是由大自然而不是人类引燃的。,Thewindowpanewasbrokenbythechild.,窗上玻璃被这小孩打碎了,15,IwassoimpressedbythesewordsthatIusedthemlaterforaChristmascard.,我为这些话所深深感动，后来我就把它们写在圣诞卡上了。,16,译成“把”、“使”和“由”字句Thefamoushotelhadbeenpracticallydestroyedbythebigfire.,大火使这家著名的旅馆几乎全部毁坏。,Theplanisgoingtobeexaminedfirstbytheresearchgroup。,计划将先由研究小组加以研究。,17,MicrosoftchairmanBillGatesisinundatedwithuptofourmillione-mailsaday-mostofthemjunk.,微软总裁比尔盖茨现在每天都被淹没在多达四百万封电子邮件中，其中绝大多数都是垃圾邮件。,inundate:tocoverwithwater,especiallyfloodwaters（淹没）,18,TheEnglishlanguageisbeingdestroyedbyadeadlyvirusofmanagementspeakwhichhasinfectedthemouthsandmindsofpoliticianslikeTonyBlairandGeorgeW.Bush,aleadingUKjournalistsaidrecently.,最近，一位英国资深记者说，英语正在遭到一种“官腔语言的致命病毒”的侵害，这种病毒已经感染了许多政治家的谈吐和思想，其中包括托尼布莱尔和乔治布什。,19,PalestinianAuthorityPresidentYasserArafat,75,theleaderwhopassionatelysoughtahomelandforhispeoplebutwasseenbymanyIsraelisasaruthlessterroristandaroadblocktopeace,diedearlyThursdayinParis.,75岁的巴勒斯坦民族权力机构主席阿拉法特于本周四（11月11日）凌晨逝世。他用满腔热血为巴勒斯坦人民寻找一个家园，但很多以色列人却把他视为冷酷无情的恐怖分子和通往和平的路障。,20,Arafathadbeensickwithanunknownillnessthathadbeenvariouslydescribedastheflu,astomachvirusorgallstones.,阿拉法特一直身患某种不知名的疾病，关于他的症状有多种描述：流感、胃病毒感染和胆结石等。,21,In1994,ArafatwasawardedtheNobelPeacePrize,alongwithIsraelileadersYitzhakRabinandShimonPeres,fortheirworkontheOsloaccords,seenatthetimeasabreakthroughtowardanindependentPalestinianstateandapermanentpeacewithIsrael.,1994年，阿拉法特和以色列领导人伊扎克拉宾和希蒙佩雷斯共同获得了诺贝尔奖，他们为签署“奥斯陆协议”所做的努力在当时被视作通往一个独立的巴勒斯坦国、实现巴以永久和平的“重大突破”,22,P106,Asaresultoftheproductivitysurveycarriedoutinthefactory,morerapidandmoreefficientwaysofoperationarenowbeingapplied.由于我厂进行了生产率的检查，促使厂内（全厂）普遍采取了更迅速有效的操作（管理）方法。,23,Inthefactory,productivityhasbeenincreasedbyover50percent.Themanagementintendstoapplythesesamemethodstoofficestaffinordertoreducecosts.现在，我厂的生产率已经提高了百分之五十以上。经理部（管理部门）拟在办公室职工中开展同样的查制度以降低成本。,24,Ourcompanymustadaptinacompetitiveworld.Weaimtofindwaysofavoidingunnecessaryactionsbyallstall.为了适应外部环境的激烈竞争，我们的意图是（将）寻求减少不必要的工作环节的方法。,25,Wethereforeproposetopayamonthsextrasalarytoanypersonwhointhemanagementsopinionhasputforwardthemorepracticalsuggestiontoimproveaparticularofficeroutine.经理部鼓励职工提出改进办公室工作常规的建议，并将给与提出最切实可行的建议者一个月额外的嘉奖。,26,AllsuggestionsshouldbesenttotheManagingDirectorsofficebeforetheendofnextmonth.请予下月底前将建议提交总经理办公室。,27,Exercise,BankersdraftsdrawnbyonebranchontheHeadofficeoranotherbrancharenotcheques,becausetheHeadOfficeandallthebranchesareconsideredtobeoneinstitution,whereasthedraweranddraweemustbedistinctparties.Allcommercialpaperswentforcollectionmustbeaccompaniedbyaremittancelettergivingcompleteandpreciseinstruction.,28,Asmostcountriesarevigorouslypromotingexportsandalsobecauseofthetremendousgrowthofmultinationalcorporations,theinternationalmarket,inmostinstances,ischaracterizedbyintensecompetitiononanextensivescale.Thefinancialinformationprovidedbyanaccountingsystemisneededbymanagerialdecisionmakerstohelpthemplanandcontroltheactivitiesoftheeconomicentity.,29,Ifaletterofcreditisnotusedbythebeneficiary,itmaybereturnedtotheapplicantforcancellation.Youarerequestedtolookintothematterandgiveusanearlyreply.Fourmajorstagesintheproductlifecyclehavebeenidentified:introduction,growth,maturityanddecline.,30,Partialshipmentsareallowed,unlessthecreditspeciallystatesotherwise.Anirrevocableletterofcreditmaynotbeamendedorcancelledwithouttheconsentofthebeneficiary.Itisgenerallyagreedthatorganizationswitheffectivemanagerswilllikelybesuccessful,whereasorganizationswithpoormanagerswilllikelyfail.,