定语从句(介词关系代词).ppt

定语从句:由关系代词_或关系副词_引导的句子用来修饰主句中的某一个名词或代词的从句,起着定语的作用.定语从句所修饰的词叫做_;定语从句跟在先行词的后面.构成方式:_.关系代词或副词的三重功能:连接主从句;指代先行词;在从句中作句子成分.,that,which,who,whom,whose,where,when,why,先行词,关系代词或副词陈述语序,TheAttributiveClauseinthetextonP34,ThetimewhenIfirstmetNelsonMandelawasaverydifficultperiodofmylife.主干句：Thetimewasaverydifficultperiodofme.when指时间，在从句中作时间状语。Iwillneverforgettheday_Ireachedhere.MandelawastheblacklawyertowhomIwentforadvice.Hewasgenerouswithhistime,forwhichIwasgrateful.,when,介词+whom/which,不能用that,Para1,TheschoolwhereIstudiedforonlytowyearswasthreekilometersaway.主干句：Theschoolwasthreekilometersaway.where指地点，在从句中作地点状语。关系副词=介词+关系代词Theplace_Jiangjieshionceusedtolivedhasbecomeaplaceofinterest.However,thiswasatimewhenonehadgottohaveapassbooktoliveinJohannesburg.,Para2,where,=inwhich,ThedaywhenNelsonMandelahelpedmewasoneofmyhappiest.(Para3)Therewasatime_adeepbluesky,thesongofthebirds,moonlightandflowerscouldneverhavekeptmespellbound.Wehavereachedastagewherewehavealmostnorightsatall.(Para4)TheUSAisalargecountry_manydifferentdialectsarespoken,=onwhich,when,where,=inwhich,Theycouldnotgetthejobstheywanted.Theycouldnotgetthejobs(which/that)theywanted.Thepartsoftowninwhichtheyhadtoliveweredecidedbywhitepeople.TheplacesoutsidethetownswheretheyweresenttolivewerethepoorestpartsofSouthAfrica.,作宾语,Para5,=where,=inwhich,Theplaces_theyhadtoliveinweredecidedbythewhite.Theplacesin_theyhadtoliveweredecidedbythewhite.,(which/that),which,Para6Wewereputintoapositioninwhichwehadeithertoacceptwewerelessimportant,orfightthegovernment.先行词是position,situation,point,case,condition等时在定语从句中作状语用关系副词where连接.Sometimeswefindasituation_moststudentscanrememberwordsandexpressionswellbutcantwriteagoodcomposition.,where,where,Wefirstbrokethelawinawaywhichwaspeaceful.Idontlikethewayhetalks.Thewayhethoughtoftosolvetheproblemwasverygood.,作主语,that,(that/inwhich),作状语,(that/which),作宾语,Thereason_hisabsenceisthatheisill.Thereason_heisabsentisthatheisill.why指原因，在从句中作原因状语。关系副词:when,where,why(1)when指时间，在从句中作时间状语。(2)where指地点，在从句中作地点状语。(3)why的先行词只有reason，why在从句中作原因状语。关系副词=介词+关系代词,for,why,=forwhich,关系副词whereThisisthehouse(which/that)heusedtolivein.Thisisthehouseinwhich/whereheusedtolive.Iknowofaplace(which/that)wecanswimin.Iknowofaplaceinwhich/wherewecanswim.,试比较：,Theplace_wevisitedyesterdayisaschoolfordisabledchildren.Theplace_JiangJieshionceusedtolivedhasbecomeaplaceofinterest.,(which/that),where,/inwhich,TheyllneverforgetJuly1_HongKongreturnedtoitsmotherland.Thedays_weusedforeignoilaregoneforever.,关系副词when,Therewasatime_thebusinessmanlostheart.,when,=onwhich,when,=onwhich,when,试比较：,Doyoustillremembertheday_wespenthappilytogether?Doyoustillremembertheday_wespentourholidayhappilytogether?Doyoustillremembertheday_wewenttovisittheSummerPalace?,(which/that),when,when,先行词是表示原因的名词，即reason，在定语从句中充当原因状语，用why，这时一般可以用forwhich来代替:Idontknowthereasonwhy/forwhichhedidit.Thereasonwhy/forwhichhewasfiredwasnotclear.,试比较：Thereason_heexplainedtotheteacherisnottrue.Thereason_wasexplainedtotheteacherisnottrue.,(which/that),（作宾语）,which/that,（作主语）,Thisisthedate_wereproudof.Thisisthedate_hewasborn.Iwillneverforgetthetime_wespenttogether.Thisisthefactory_mymotherworks.Thisisthefactory_wevisitedlastweek.,(which/that),when/onwhich,(which/that),where/inwhich,(which/that),practice,Isthistheschool_wevisitedyesterday?Isthisschool_wevisitedyesterday?Isthisschool_wevisitedyesterdayverymodern?-Thisschool_wevisitedyesterdayisverymodern.Isthislab_wedidtheexperimentyesterday?-Thislabis_wedidtheexperimentyesterday.,(which/that),theone,which/that,theonewhere,(which/that),which/that,theone,where,Heisoneofthestudentswho_it.Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswho_it.(believe)Those_(want)togotothecinemapleasesignyournamehere.Anyone_togotothecinemapleasesighyournamehere.,believe,believes,whowant,whowants,as,which的比较a.在非限制性定语从句中，均可替代整个主句或句中某个部分，在从句中作主语，宾语，表语如从句在主句之后，两者皆可用Theyfailedintheexam,as/whichisnatural.Sheseemsascientist,as/whichinfactsheis.b.如从句在主句之前，用asAsweallknow,hisparentswerekilledinthiswar.Asisknowntoall,theearthtravelsaroundthesun.c.如关系代词代表主句全句意思，有正如就象之意时，用asWewonthematch,aswehadexpected.Heagreedtotheplan,aswastobeexpected.正如:Aseveryoneknows,asyoumaystillremember,asyousaid,asIcansee,ashasbeenmentionedabove,asyoumayhaveheard/told/expected.用来引导非限制性定语从句，用来指待一件事，这时它的位置可以放在句首、句中和句尾。,d.当先行项被thesame,such,so修饰时，用asThisisthesamebookasyouboughtyesterday.(同类不同一本书)比较:Thisisthesamebookthatyouboughtyesterday.(同一本书)Dontbelieveinsuchmenaspraiseyoutoyourface.Inevergivemystudentssodifficultaquestionasnoonecanworkout.比较:Thisissodifficultaquestionthatnoonecanworkitout.,（定语从句）,（状语从句）,ChoosethebestanswersSheheardaterriblenoise,_broughtherheartintohermouth.(NMET91)A.itB.whichC.thisD.that2.Inthedarkstreet,therewasntasingleperson_shecouldturnforhelp.(92)A.thatB.whoC.fromwhomD.towhom,B,D,3.Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,_wasmorethanwecouldexpected.(NMET94)A.whatB.whichC.thatD.it4.AfterlivinginParisforfiftyyearshereturnedtothesmalltown_hegrewupasachild.(NMET96)A.whereB.whichC.thatD.when,B,A,5.CarolsaidtheworkwouldbedonebyOctober,_personallyIdoubtverymuch.(NMET1999)A.itB.thatC.whenD.which6.Thisistheway_Iamthinkingoftodoit.A.howB.withwhichC.bywhichD.,D,D,7.Heinvitedtenfriendstohishome;_areforeigners.A.sixofwhomB.thesixofwhomC.sixofthemD.thesixofthem8.Heinvitedtenfriendstohishome,_areforeigners.A.sixofwhomB.thesixofwhomC.sixofthemD.thesixofthem,C,A,9.Myhometownisnotthesame_itusedtobetenyearsago.A.likeB.asC.thatD.which10.Isthisthefactory_youwork?A.whichB.inthatC.whereD.what11.Isthisthefactory_youvisited?A.whichB.inthatC.whereD.what,B,C,A,12.Isthismuseum_youvisitedlastweek?/B.whichC.theoneD.where13.Isthisthemuseum_youvisitedlastweek?/B.whatC.theoneD.where,C,A,14._isknowntoall,TaiwanispartofChina.A.AsB.WhichC.ThatD.It15._isknowntoallthatTaiwanispartofChina.A.AsB.WhichC.ThatD.It16.All_isneededisasupplyofoil.A.whichB.thatC.whatD./,A,D,B,17.Theybothtalkedhappilyaboutthemenandbooks_interestedthemintheschool.A.whichB.whoC.whenD.that18.Idontliketheway_youtalkedtoher.A.whichB.inthatC./D.bywhich,D,C,TheAttributiveClause,关系词,关系代词,关系副词,which,that(person/thing)(s.o.),who(person)(s.o.),whom(person)(o.),whose(person/thing)(attribute),when(time)=介词+which,where(place)=介词+which,why(reason)=forwhich,(relatives),(relativepronounces),(relativeadverbs),thing(s.o.),指先行句(as),填空：1.Lookatthatlady_nameisPochi.2.Heisateacher_Ilikeverymuch.3.Thosepictures_weredrawnbyTomarenice.4.Those_willgototheparkstayhere.5.Thatwasallthemoney_Ihad.,whose,(whom/that/who),which/that,who,that,6.Tomisthefirstboy_lefttheroom.7.Lookattheboyandhisdog_arecomingthisway.8.Youcanreadanybook_Ihave.9.Thatwastheyear_IwenttoAmerica.10.wecametothetown,_westayedfor2hours.,that,that,that,when,where,Thisistheplace_Istayedfortwodays.Themoment_shewonthegoldmedalwasshownonTV.Thefactory_heworkedhasbeenpulleddown.Thefactory_wearegoingtovisitproduceswatches.Thereason_heexplainedtohisfatherwasafalseone.Thereason_hewaslateis_hehadbeencaughtinthetraffic.,where,when,where,(which/that),(which/that),why,that,Whose从句可转换为“of+关系代词”型，e.g.Theyliveinahouse,whosedooropenstothesouth.,Theylivedinahouse,thedoor_opentothesouth.Theylivedinahouse,_dooropentothesouth.,ofwhich,ofwhichthe,preposition+relativepronouns,1.Thepersonwhom/who/thatyoushouldwritetoisMr.Ball.2.Thepenwhichheiswritingwithnowwasboughtyesterday.3.Thegaswhichwecannotlivewithoutiscalledoxygen.,Thepen_heiswritingnowwasboughtyesterday.,Thegas_wecannotliveiscalledoxygen,Theperson_youshouldwriteisMr.Ball.,towhom,withwhich,withoutwhich,Haveyoumettheperson_hewasspeaking?Heistheman_youcanturnforhelp.,Thefarm_weworkedthenyearsagoisntwhatitusedtobe.Thisisthetree_weusedtoplaygames.,Thepen_heiswritingnowwasboughtyesterday.Thegas_wecannotliveiscalledoxygen.,Moreexamples,aboutwhom,towhom,onwhich,underwhich,withwhich,withoutwhich,Canyouworkthemout?,Fillintheblankswithproperprepositions:1.Thesungivesusheatandlight,_whichwecantlive.2.Thestudent_whomweweretalkingjustnowisthebeststudentinourclass.3.Illneverforgettheday_whichshesaidgood-byetome.4.Whocangivemethereason_whichhehasntturnedupyet?,for,about,on,without,Useaprepositionandarelativepronoun,whom/which,tocompletethefollowingsentences.,Thebook_Iheardwaswrittentwentyyearsago.Thepeople_themanspokewerentlistening.Thefilm_Ifellasleepwasveryboring.Thepen_shewrotethatbookcannowbeseeninamuseum.Thelittlecreature_scientistsareinterestedisknownasET.Thegun_hewasshotwasneverfound.,aboutwhich,towhom,duringwhich,withwhich,inwhich,withwhich,Correctthesentences:,1.Imusingthepenwhichheboughtityesterday.2.Isthatfactorywhichyourfatheronceworkedin?3.ThemanwhomIspokeisfromCanada.4.July1,1999isthedaywhenwellneverforget.,which,_,to,theone,5.IstillremembertheholidaysIstayedwiththem.6.Imgoingtoworkinthehospitalwhereneedsme.7.ThosethathaventbeentotheWestLakewillgatherattheschoolgate.8.Idontlikethewaywhichyoutalkedtoyourfriend.,in,when,_,who,_,that/which,9.ThisisthelasttimewhenIvegivenyoulessons.10.Soontheycametoafarmhouse,andinfrontofwhichsatasmallboy.11.Thereasonwhichheexplaineditsoundsreasonable.,_,that,_,why,it,_,