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,PeriodTwoWordPower&GrammarandUsage,高中英语选修10译林版,.Words：1_n笔友2_vt.&n要求，请求.Phrases：1_如此以便于2_无论何时，一直3_犯罪,penfriend,request,so.asto,atalltimes,beguiltyof,英语有不同的类型，应用不同类型的英语要求取决于不同的情形。最重要的区别是英语的书面语和口语之分，而书面语和口语中又有正式语和非正式语之分。1正式语一般用于以下情况：书面语中的论文、报告、申请信等。口语中的演讲、与陌生人谈话等。2非正式语一般用于下列情况：书面语中包括写给家人及朋友的信件、电子邮件、短信等。口语中包括与熟人谈话等。,一、正式英语与非正式英语,3正式英语中常用复杂的句型结构也包括被动语态和从句等。正式语中还多用抽象名词。如：Socleverwasheastudentthathewasabletoworkoutallthedifficultproblems.他如此聪明以至于能解答所有困难的题目。Whatshouldbedonetodayhasbeendone.今天该做的都做完了。4非正式英语中主要用简单句、主动结构、通俗语以及缩写语等。如：,Hedoesntlikethefirst.Helikesthethird.他不喜欢第一个，喜欢第三个。Haveanaiminlife，oryourenergieswillallbewasted.生活中要有目标，要不然你的精力就白白浪费。,二、正式语和非正式语的表达形式1状语(1)时间，原因和条件状语可以用非谓语动词的形式，也可以用状语从句的形式，一般地说，非谓语动词形式比状语从句形式正式。_(Ashewas)afarmer，hehadtogetupearly._(Ifweatherpermits)，weshallgo.(2)方式和程度状语可用介词短语，也可以用副词表示，一般说，介词短语比副词正式。Hespoke_(confidently),Being,Weatherpermitting,inaconfidentway/withconfidence.,(3)英语中用一些副词有两种形式，一种是ly形式，一种是同形容词的形式相同，一般说，前者比后者正式。Heread_(loud)Iguessed_(right)(4)让步状语从句“how(who，when，what)ever”的形式比“nomatterhow(who，when，what)”的形式正式。_(Nomatterwho)heis，Iwontseehim.,loudly,rightly,Whoever,2代词.关系代词(1)定语从句中作宾语的关系词“whom”比“who”正式。_(Who)areyouwaitingfor?Heistheperson_(who)Imettheotherday.(2)在定语从句中作主语和宾语的关系词“Who”，“whom”and“which”比“that”正式。Heistheperson_(that)iswellknownhere.Thisisthebook_(that)Iboughtyesterday.(3)指时间和地点的从句“prepwhich”比“when”and“where”从句正式。Thisistheplace_(where)Iworked.,Whom,whom,who,which,inwhich,.人称代词(1)通常在比较级中主格比宾格正式。Heistallerthan_(me)Whoisthere？Itis_(me)(2)在动名词前，所属格比主格正式。Doyoumind_(me)smoking?(3)单数人称代词比复数正式。Everyoneshoulddo_(their)duty.Give_(us)akiss，darling.Everyonethinks_(theyknow)theanswer.,I,I,my,his,me,heknows,(4)指作者本人用“we”比“I”正式。As_(I)showeditisnotaneasyquestion.(5)泛指人时，“one”比“you”正式。_(You)neverknowswhatmayhappen.(6)在复合句中，主句和从句中的主语出现名词和代词时，主句中用名词比用人称代词正式。_(Ittookoffassoonastheplanehadrefuelled.),we,One,Theplanetookoffassoonasithadrefuelled.,.指示代词(1)当“this”和“that”都是后指时，“that”比“this”正式。_(This)iswhatIthought.(2)“that/those”作为先行词比名词正式。Thoseflowersarebetterthan_(theflowers)weplantedlastyear.3主谓一致(1)单数比复数正式。None/Neitherofthem_(have)arrivedyet.(2)复数比单数正式。IfI_(was)youIwoulddothat.,That,thosewhich,has,were,Neitherhiswifenorhischild_(has)arrived.There_(is)hundredsofpeopleoutside.(3)和kind连用的名词单数比复数正式。_(Thesekindsofdogsare)iseasytotrain.Ilikemostkindofcat(cats)4倒装句比不倒装句正式。_(IfIhadknownit)Iwouldhavetoldyou._(Ihavehardlyseenthis.),have,are,Thiskindofdog,HadIknownit,HardlyhaveIseenthis.,5不省略的形式比省略的形式正式。Iknow_heisafamouswriter.Heisaperson_Ihaveknownforseveralyears.Ispentalltheweek_writingmypaper.6介词前提比介词结尾的句子正式。Heisaperson_(whomwecanrelyon)_(Whatdidhewriteitwith？),that,whom,onwhomwecanrely,Withwhatdidhewriteit？,in,7情态动词(1)用于请求时，“may”比“can”正式。_(Can)Iuseyourbike?(2)用于请求时，“would”和“could”比“will”和“can”正式。Would/Could(Will/Can)youliketogiveaspeech?8.泛指时定冠词比名词复数正式。_(Horsesareveryusefulanimals.),May,Thehorseisaveryusefulanimal,9从句比不定式的形式正式。Itisimportant_(forustodoit)_(Heseemstobeateacher.)10其他的一些句子(下划线是正式的形式)。(1)_(Comeearlyandyouwillseehim.)(2)_(Ishalltrytodoit.)(3)_(Heistooyoungtodresshimself.),thatweshoulddoit,Itseemsthatheisateacher.,Ifyoueearly，youwillseehim.,Ishalltryanddoit.,Heissoyoungthathecannotdresshimself.,(4)_(Itissuchabeautifulcity.)(5)_(Haveyounotheardthenews？)(6)_，Ihearthenews.(Imsurprisedtohearthenews.)(7)_(WearestartingforBeijingtonight.)(8)_，(First)wemustconsiderthisthoroughly.(9)Igotoseemyoldfriend_(nowandthen)(10)Iam_(therefore)unabletohelpyou.,Itissobeautifulacity,Haventyouheardthenews？,Tomysurprise,WestartforBeijingtonight.,Tobeginwith,occasionally,hence,(11)_，(Incidentally)doyouknowsomethingaboutthis?(12)Iwasill_(so)Icouldnote.(13)Hespokeloudly_(sothat)everyonecouldhearhim.(14)Youshouldworkhard_(evenif)youhavemadegreatprogress.(15)Theyaskedme_(if)theywoulde.,Bytheway,therefore,inorderthat,eventhough,whether,即时跟踪请说出下列哪些短语或语句属于正式英语，哪些属于非正式英语AIamsorrytoinformyouthat.BpassiveverbformsCIamverygratefulfor.DWhydontwe.?EIwillnotbeabletoattendthe.Fidiomsandslang.Gcontractedverbformslikeweve，Im，etc.HIlookforwardtohearingfromyou,IshortsentencesJDearTom.KDearMsSmith.LBestwishes，.MImreallysorryI.NUnfortunately，wewillhavetopostpone.OOurputersareusedforavariety.1FormalEnglish：_2InformalEnglish：_答案1.A，B，C，E，H，K，N，O2D，F，G，I，J，L，M,再见,
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