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Unit4,Earthquakes,LearningaboutLanguage,语法精讲,限制性定语从句,自主预习,用适当的关系词填写下面文章中的句子并体会它们的共同特征1Ahugecrack_waseightkilometreslongandthirtymetreswidecutacrosshouses,roadsandcanals.2Thenumberofpeople_werekilledorseriouslyinjuredreachedmorethan400,000.3Then,laterthatafternoon,anotherbigquake_wasalmostasstrongasthefirstoneshookTangshan.4Thearmyorganizedteamstodigoutthose_weretrappedandtoburythedead.5Workersbuiltsheltersforsurvivors_homeshadbeendestroyed.,that/which,who/that,which/that,who,whose,合作探究,一、定语从句的概述,护士是照顾病人的人。Anurseisapersonwholooksafterpatients先行词关系代词定语从句,分析下面的定语从句Doyouknowthegirlwhoissingingonthestage?_为先行词；_为关系代词，且在从句中作主语。Thisisthemuseumwhichwasbuiltmanyyearsago._为先行词，_为关系代词，且在从句中作_。,thegirl,who,themuseum,which,主语,二、关系代词的基本用法,Thechildrenwho/thatwereinjuredinacaraccidentarebeingtreatedinthehospitalnow.在车祸中受伤的孩子们现在正在医院接受治疗。(who/that引导定语从句)Thespaceshipthat/whichfinisheditstaskhasreturnedtotheearth.完成使命的飞船已返回地球。(that/which引导定语从句)Anystudentwhosefamilyistoopoortogotoschoolcangethelpfromthegovernment.任何家境贫寒，上不起学的学生都可以得到政府的帮助。(whose引导定语从句),(1)关系代词that可指人，也可以指物，可与关系词which/who/whom互换，但是不可直接放在介词的后面作宾语；(2)作宾语时who与whom可互换，若紧跟在介词后面则使用whom；whom在从句中不作主语；(3)关系代词作宾语时可省略(与介词连用时除外)；(4)关系代词在从句中作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于先行词。,Thisistheveryhotel(that)IstayedatwhenIwastravellinghere.这就是我在这儿旅行时住过的旅馆。(that在从句中作宾语，可以省略)ThisistheveryhotelatwhichIstayedwhenIwastravellinghere.这就是我在这儿旅行时住过的旅馆。(which在句中作介词at的宾语，不可与that互换，也不可省略)TherewasnopersontowhomIcouldturnforhelpinthestreetlastnight.昨天晚上，街上没有一个我能够求助的人。(whom在句中作介词to的宾语，不能与who/that互换，也不可省略),用适当的关系代词填空Wellreachthesalestargetsinamonth_wesetatthebeginningoftheyear.Apany_profitsfromhomemarketsaredecliningmayseekopportunitiesabroad.Finallyhereachedalonelyisland_waspletelycutofffromtheoutsideworld.Happinessandsuccessoftenetothose_aregoodatrecognizingtheirownstrengths.,that/which,whose,that/which,who,三、关系代词只用that而不用which的情况1当先行词为all，everything，nothing，anything，little，much等不定代词或先行词被这些词修饰时。Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.一切能做的都已经做了。2当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。ThisisthemostbeautifulparkthatIhavevisited.这是我参观过的最漂亮的公园。,3当先行词被theonly,thevery，thelast修饰时。Chattingwastheonlythingthatinterestedhermost.聊天是她唯一感兴趣的事。4当先行词既指人，又指物时。Shetookphotographsofthethingsandpeoplethatshewasinterestedin.她把她感兴趣的人和物都拍摄了下来。,5当主语是以who或which开头的疑问句时，为避免重复而用that。Whoisthepersonthatisstandingatthegate?站在门口的那个人是谁？6当先行词在定语从句中作表语时。Shanghaiisnolongerthecitythatitusedtobe.上海已不是过去那个样子了。,用适当的关系词填空Pleasesendusalltheinformation_youhaveaboutthecandidatefortheposition.Iamsureshehassomething_youcanborrow.Itisthemostbeautifulcity_Iveeverseen.Thisisthefirstbook_hehasread.Heistheonlyperson_waspresentatthetime.Maryisnolongerthegirl_sheusedtobe.,that,that,that,that,that,that,如何选用关系代词？第一步：找准先行词，初步确定所用关系词。第二步：正确分析先行词与定语从句中谓语动词的关系，从而验证所选关系词的正确性。如果发现先行词在从句中作状语，就应选用关系副词。第三步：验证定语从句中的主谓一致性。关系代词作定语从句的主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要与先行词保持一致。例如：HeistheonlyoneofthestudentswhoknowsEnglish.(先行词是theonlyone,后面定语从句谓语用knows)他是唯一懂英语的学生。HeisoneofthestudentswhoknowEnglish.(先行词是thestudents,后面定语从句谓语用know)他是懂英语的学生之一。,
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