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,UnitFiveAMiserable,MerryChristmas,miserable:a.悲惨的，悲痛的,miserable=causingunhappiness;veryunhappy;语气要比unhappy重得多，指情绪上低落、不快乐。e.g.Thechildiscold,hungryandtired,soofcourseheisfeelingmiserable.(这孩子又冷又饿，疲惫不堪，他当然感到很痛苦。),indignant:adj.angryatsth.unfair气愤的,愤怒的,常指对于不公平的事感到愤怒。Collocation:be/feelindignantabout/at/oversth.“对某事感到气愤”;e.g.Hewasindignantatbeingunfairlydismissed.(他被不公平地解雇了，对此他很气愤。)Residentsintheareaareindignantaboutthehighwaterprice.(该地区的居民对于高昂的水价表示气愤。)beindignantwithsb.对某人感到愤慨。Shebecamemoreandmoreindignantwiththemovertheirconduct.(他对他们的所作所为越来越愤慨。),lest:conj.=forfearthat,inorderthatnot唯恐，以免,lest引导状语从句，从句的谓语动词要用虚拟语气should+v.(infinitive).e.g.IwrotedownthedateofherbirthdaylestI(should)forgetit.(我把她的生日记了下来，以免忘了。)Thedriverlookedovertheenginecarefullylestit(should)gowrongontheway.(司机仔细检查了发动机，唯恐在路上出毛病。),makesure=actsoastomakesth.certain确保；查明，弄清楚,makesure后面可接ofsth./about/thatclause.e.g.Pleasemakesurethatallthelightsareoffbeforeyouleavetheclassroom.(请务必离开教室前把所有的灯都关掉。)Helookedbehindhimtomakesurehewasnotbeingfollowed.(他向身后看了看，确信他没被人跟踪。)Haveyoumadesureofthetimesofthetrains?(你查清楚列车的时间了吗？)TheresjustoneortwodetailsIwanttomakesureabout.(只有一两个细节我想要核实一下。)besure=becertain一定，千万要；e.g.Besuretowritetomeassoonasyougetthere.,nothingbut:nothingotherthan,only除了以外没有什么；仅仅，只不过,e.g.Theycoulddonothingbutwaitforthedoctortoarrive.(他们除了等医生来，别无办法。)Sheisconcernedaboutnothingbutmoney.(她只关心钱。)Hecandonothingbutmaketroublehere.(他在这儿只会惹麻烦。),stickto=refusetogiveuporchange坚持，不放弃,e.g.Wehaventgotmuchtime,sopleasesticktothepoint.(我们时间不多，请不要偏离主题。)Collocation:sticktoonespromise/plans:恪守诺言/计划Theydecidedtosticktotheirpreviousplan.(他们决定坚持他们原先的计划。),hangup:fix(sth.)atahighplacesothatitdoesnottouchtheground,placeonahookorhanger挂起,Therearesomehangersintheclosetonwhichtohangupyourclothes.(壁橱里有一些衣架可以挂衣服。)Whenhecameintotheroomhehunguphissuit.(他走进房间，将上衣挂了起来。)hang表示“悬，挂”时是不规则动词：hanghunghung;hang表示“吊死,绞死”时是规则动词:hang-hanged-hanged；e.gHehunguphishatbehindthedoorandtookhisplaceatthetable.(他把帽子挂在门后，然后在桌边坐了下来。)Themurdererwashangedlastmonth.(凶手上个月被绞死了。),orsomething:orsomethingsimilar；orsomethingofthatsort.诸如此类(表示说话人不能肯定的)；大概,e.g.HernameisMaryorMargaretorsomething.(她叫玛丽或者玛格丽特什么的。)Tr:他的父亲是著名的艺术家之类的什么人物。Herfatherisawell-knownartistorsomething.,catchsightof=seesuddenlyorforamoment(突然)看到，发现,e.g.Shecaughtsightofthepostmanasheturnedthecorner.(邮递员在转角处被她看见了。)JustthenIcaughtsightofhimgettingonabus.(就在那时，我看见他上了公共汽车。),drawnearvs.drawon,drawnear=movenear临近，接近;e.g.Nightdrewnear.(夜幕降临了。)Thedeadlineisdrawingnear,wecantdelayanymore.(限期到了，不能再拖延了。)drawon=comenearintime到来;e.g.Springisdrawingon.(春天临近了。)另外，drawon还有“利用；穿上，戴上”之意。e.g.Hedrewonhischildhoodmemoriesforthematerialofhisnovel.(他利用童年的回忆作为小说的素材。)Hedrewonhisglovesbeforehewentout.(他外出前戴上了手套。)draw(irregularv.)-drew(p.t.)-drawn(p.p.),breakinto:suddenlyorforamoment突然起来;突然发出；突然开始(哭、笑等）,E.g.Theaudiencebrokeintoapplause.(观众爆发出阵阵掌声。)另外，breakinto还有enterbyforce,interrupt(“闯入，打断”)之意；e.g.Thethievesintendedtobreakintoabank.(贼图谋抢劫银行。)Hebrokerudelyintoourtalk.(他粗鲁地打断了我们的谈话。),inplacevs.inonesplace,inplace=intherightplace在适当的位置;恰当的;e.g.Ithinkanexpressionofthankstoourhostwouldbeinplace.(我认为感谢主人的话要说得得体。)Iliketohaveeverythinginplace.(我喜欢一切各有其位。)反义词组:outofplace(不恰当的，东西放置不当的)辨析：inonesplace=insteadofsb.替代；e.g.Thebosswasverybusysohissecretarywentinhisplace.(老板很忙，因此他的秘书替他去了。),BackgroundKnowledge,圣诞节(ChristmasDay)12月25日是基督教徒纪念耶稣基督诞生的日子，称为圣诞节。英文Christmas(有时简写为Xmas),由Christ(基督)和Mass(弥撒)两字组成，意思是圣诞节这一天教徒们到教堂去，举行崇拜仪式以庆祝耶稣基督的诞生。圣诞节本来是个宗教的日子，但今天已经演变为一个家人团聚，共享天伦的日子。它在西方的重要性类似于中国的春节(SpringFestival).圣诞夜(ChristmasEve)圣诞夜(12月24日)类似于中国的除夕。在这一天人们要去教堂唱圣诞歌，小孩子组成唱诗班。回家后要早早上床，小孩子们把长袜挂在床头，等着圣诞老人把礼物装进去，家中的大人们则悄悄把礼物放到圣诞树下和长统袜中，孩子们第二天一起床便打开自己的礼物。,BackgroundKnowledge,圣诞老人(SantaClaus,FatherChristmas)圣诞老人是个神化人物。他留着银白色大胡子，头戴红色尖帽，身穿白皮袖口，白皮领子的红色长袍，扎着一条宽宽的腰带。许多小孩子相信他会在圣诞夜坐着八只鹿拉的雪橇，从烟囱里进入房间，给那些听话的小孩子送来礼物，塞满挂在床头的袜子。圣诞树(Christmastree)和圣诞礼物(Christmasgift)圣诞树一般是松柏之类的常绿树的树冠，在圣诞节时放在屋内，用闪闪发光的小灯泡装饰，还可以挂上风铃和彩色饰物，人们在树下互赠礼物或把礼物挂在上面，也要在圣诞树旁边共度节日。它是圣诞节不可缺少的内容。在圣诞节这一天，朋友、亲属间要互赠礼物和圣诞卡(ChristmasCard).,Ididwantboots.(line6),“Ididwantboots”=Ireallywantedapairofhighboots.我的确想要一双长统靴。did,doordoes常用来加强动词语气。如果原动词是过去式(pasttense)要用did,如果是一般现在时用do,单数第三人称用does。要注意的是，用了此类词后，被强调的词要用动词原形形式。e.g.Ididseehimrunningintheparkyesterdaymorning.(我昨天早上的确看见他在公园跑步。)Tr:汤姆的确学习很刻苦。Tomdoesstudyveryhard.Theydoliketomakeajoke.(他们确实爱开玩笑。),Thereoughttobesomethingtofillyourstockingwith,此句等于=Ifyousticktothepony,youwillhavenopresentsinyourstocking.(总该有些东西把你的长筒袜给塞满吧。)oughtto=tohavethemoraldutytodosth.,should应该，应当Themodalverb“oughtto”isusedtoexpresstheideaofobligation.Itsnegative(否定的)formis:oughtnot(oughtntto).Inmostcases“oughtto”canbereplacedby“should”;ofthetwo,“oughtto”isthemostemphatic,(oughtto比should语气更强)；e.g.E.g.Weoughttoloveourneighbors.(我们应该和邻居和睦相处。)Suchthingsoughttobedonerightnow.(这类事应该马上就办。)OughtItoleavetomorrow？No,youneednt.(我应该明天动身吗？不，没有必要。)Theyoughtnttohaveletyououtofhospitalsosoon.(他们不该那么早就让你出院。),Theinfinitivephrase“tofillyourstockingwith”isusedattributivelytomodify(修饰)“something”.Anattributiveinfinitiveoftenretains(保留)theprepositionitrequires,e.g.Idliketofindsomeonetoplaychesswith.Pleasegivemeapieceofpapertowriteon.,alongwithvs.togetherwith,alongwith:withothersorwithoneself“同一起”;该短语常作宾语；e.g.WhenwewenttoShanghai,Jennytookherfour-year-oldsonalongwithherself.(当我们去上海时，詹妮带上了她的四岁的儿子。)Comealongwithme.(随我来。)togetherwith:aswellas“同一起”;该短语可与它前面的n./pron.一起作主语。e.g.Thedirectortogetherwithhisstaffisdiningintherestauranttonight.(导演同他的工作人员们一起将于今晚在这家餐馆用餐。),Andtheretheywere,thegifts,allsortsofwonderfulthings,mixed-uppilesofpresents.(line15-16),本句中thegifts,allsortsofwonderfulthings和mixed-uppilesofpresents是主语they的同位语。注：there或here放在句首，而主语是n.时，句子要倒装；若主语是人称代词，则句子不用倒装。e.g.Herecomesthebus.(公共汽车来了。)Thereitis.(在那儿。),Ithunglimp.(line17),Whydidithanglimp?Becausemystockingwasempty,itwassoftonthefireplace.(只有我的袜子软绵绵、空荡荡地挂在那儿)Somenotionalverbs(表意动词)canbefollowedbyanadjectiveusedasthesubjectcomplement(主语补足语)ofthesentence.Herearesomemoreexamples:Thesunrosered.(=Thesunroseanditwasred.)Tr:太阳升起来了，红红的。Themoonshonepale.(月亮泛着苍白的光芒。)Theyoungmansatsilentinthecorner.(那年轻人坐在角落里，一言不发。)Themanlyingdeadinthesnow.(那名男子躺在雪地里，死了。),Thecryingover,Iached,这句等于“IfeltgreatpaindeepintomyheartwhenIstoppedcrying”(哭过以后，悲痛涌上心头。)ache:havecontinuousorprolongedpain有持续的痛感，疼痛;e.g.Afterclimbingthemountain,heachedallover.(爬山以后，他感觉周身疼痛。)注意：一些由-ache后缀组成的n.如：toothache/backache/headache/stomachache等由-ache后缀组成的n.,当它们表达一种状态时，在BritishEnglish中是u.n.;而在AmericanEnglish中是c.n.e.g.Shesuffersfromheadache.(Bri.)Shehasaheadache.(Am.),Andmyfathermusthavebeenhurt,too,alittle.(line30-31),“musthavedone”意为“一定，肯定”；must与动词不定式的完成时态连用，表示对过去情况或动作的肯定猜测。e.g.Youscreamedinyoursleeplastnight,youmusthavehadanightmare.(昨晚你在睡梦中尖叫，一定是做了恶梦。)Hiswatchmusthavestopped.Iwillgoandcallhim.(他的表肯定停了，我得去叫他。)Tr:建长城一定用去了多年的时间。ItmusthavetakenyearstobuildtheGreatWall.,Cloze:(A)(page82),AsChristmasdrewnear,theboymadeitcleartohisparentsthatnb(1)aponywouldsatisfyhim.Heinsistedonthiswithi(2)atallothersuggestions,l(3)hisparentschooseanythingotherthanhisdearestwish.OnChristmasmorning,hewassurprisedandm(4)becausetherewasnothinginhisstocking.Atfirsthewasi(5),feelingthathehadbeenw(6).Thenangerturnedtom(7),andhebi(8)tearswhilehisparentsa(9)watchedhim.Atlast,however,hecso(10)amandeliveringapony;andhissadnessturnedintohappinesswhenhelearnedthattheponywasforhim.,Ex.15.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.,1.史密斯医生从窗口望出去，突然看到一个年轻人正向他的诊所(clinic)奔来。Mr.Smithlookedoutofthewindow,hecaughtsightofayoungmanrunningtohisclinic.2.艾米过去除了咖啡什么都不喝。Ammyusedtodrinknothingbutcoffee.3.迈拉得知丈夫在事故中受了伤便哭了起来。Myrabrokeintotearswhensheheardthatherhusbandwasinjuredintheaccident.4.我们好几天没有看见怀特小姐了.她是病倒了还是怎么了?WehaventseenMissWhitefordays.Issheillorsomething?,Ex.15.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,5.研究所(researchinstitute)所长(director)亲自查明一切都没有问题。Thedirectoroftheresearchinstitutehimselfmadesurethateverythingwasallright.6.伦尼今天早晨上学又迟到了。他应该早一点起床的。肯定是昨晚睡得太晚了。Lenniewaslateforschoolagainthismorning.Heshouldhavegotupearlier.Hemusthavegonetobedtoolatelastnight.7.嗨,你不应该把那些孩子赶跑.他们是来帮忙的,不是来捣蛋的.Well,yououghtnottohavedriventhosekidsaway,theycametohelpyouintentionally,nottomaketrouble.8.对护士来说，坚持这项规定是很重要的。Itisveryimportantforthenursestosticktothisrule.,
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