高考英语一轮复习 阅读理解九月选编（二）11

河南杞县2017高考英语阅读理解九月选编（二）阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。 (2014课标)Passenger pigeons(旅鸽)once flew over much of the United States in unbelievable numbers.Written accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries described flocks(群)so large that they darkened the sky for hours.It was calculated that when its population reached its highest point，there were more than 3 billion passenger pigeonsa number equal to 24 to 40 percent of the total bird population in the United States，making it perhaps the most abundant bird in the world.Even as late as 1870 when their numbers had already become smaller，a flock believed to be 1 mile wide and 320 miles (about 515 kilometers) long was seen near Cincinnati.Sadly，the abundance of passenger pigeons may have been their undoing.Where the birds were most abundant，people believed there was an everlasting supply and killed them by the thousands.Commercial hunters attracted them to small clearings with grain，waited until pigeons had settled to feed，then threw large nets over them，taking hundreds at a time.The birds were shipped to large cities and sold in restaurants.By the closing decades of the 19th century，the hardwood forests where passenger pigeons nested had been damaged by Americans need for wood，which scattered(驱散)the flocks and forced the birds to go farther north，where cold temperatures and spring storms contributed to their decline.Soon the great flocks were gone，never to be seen again.In 1897，the state of Michigan passed a law prohibiting the killing of passenger pigeons，but by then，no sizable flocks had been seen in the state for 10 years.The last confirmed wild pigeon in the United States was shot by a boy in Pike County，Ohio，in 1900.For a time，a few birds survived under human care.The last of them，known affectionately as Martha，died at the Cincinnati Zoological Garden on September 1,1914.【语篇导读】本文叙述了旅鸽逐渐消失的过程。1In the 18th and early 19th centuries，passenger pigeons _.Awere the biggest bird in the world Blived mainly in the south of AmericaCdid great harm to the natural environmentDwere the largest bird population in the US解析事实细节题。根据文章第一段所述在18和19世纪，美国大群的旅鸽飞起来可以遮住天空几个小时，所以美国旅鸽的数量是最大的，故选D。答案D2The underlined word“undoing”probably refers to the pigeons _.Aescape BruinCliberation Devolution解析词义猜测题。根据文章第三段中“Where the birds were abundant.by the thousands”可知旅鸽遭到捕杀，所以ruin和undoing词义相似，故选B。答案B3What was the main reason for people to kill passenger pigeons?ATo seek pleasure. BTo save other birds.CTo make money. DTo protect crops.解析事实细节题。根据文章第二段中“Commercial hunters attracted them.sold in restaurants”可知旅鸽遭到捕杀的主要原因是捕杀者要赚钱。故选C。答案C4What can we infer about the law passed in Michigan?AIt was ignored by the public.BIt was declared too late.CIt was unfair.DIt was strict.解析推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“In 1897，the state of.for 10 years”可知通过法律后的10年，鸽群数量仍然不多，所以制定法律为时已晚，故选B。答案B阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。Federal regulators Wednesday approved a plan to create a nationwide emergency alert(警报) system using text messages delivered to cell phones. Text messages have exploded in popularity in recent years, particularly among young people. The wireless industrys trade association, CTIA, estimates(估计)more than 48 billion text messages are sent each month. The plan comes from the Warning Alert and Response Network Act, a 2006 federal law that requires improvement to the nations emergency alert system. The act tasked the Federal Communications Commission(FCC) with coming up with new ways to alert the public about emergencies. “The ability to deliver accurate and timely warnings and alerts through cell phones and other mobile services is an important next step in our efforts to help ensure that the American public has the information they need to take action to protect themselves and their families before, and during, disasters and other emergencies,” FCC Chairman Kevin Martin said following approval of the plan. Participation in the alert system by carrierstelecommunications companiesis voluntary, but it has received solid support from the wireless industry. The program would be optional for cell phone users. They also may not be charged for receiving alerts.There would be three different types of messages, according to the rules. The first would be a national alert from the president, likely involving a terrorist attack or natural disaster. The second would involve “approaching threats”, which could include natural disasters like hurricanes or storms or even university shootings. The third would be reserved for child abduction(绑架) emergencies, or so-called Amber Alerts. The service could be in place by 2010.1. What is the purpose of the approved plan? A. To warn people of emergencies via messages.B. To popularize the use of cell phones.C. To estimate the monthly number of messages.D. To promote the wireless industry.2. The improvement to the present system is in the charge of.A. CTIA B. the Warning Alert and Response Network ActC. FCC D. federal regulators3. The carriers participation in the system is determined by.A. the US federal government B. mobile phone usersC. the carriers themselves D. the law of the United States4. Which of the following is true of cell phone users? A. They must accept the alert service. B. They may enjoy the alert service for free.C. They must send the alerts to others. D. They may choose the types of messages.5. An alert message will NOT be sent if.A. a child loses his way B. a university shooting happensC. a natural disaster happens D. a terrorist attack occurs6. Which of the following would be the best title for the text? A. Cell Phone Alerts Protecting Students B. Cell Phone Alerts by Wireless IndustryC. Cell Phone Alerts of Natural Disasters D. Cell Phone Alerts Coming Soon【参考答案】15、ACCBA 6、D【2014高考英语二诊考试】 请阅读下列短文，从每篇短文后所给各题的A，B，C，D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。It is hard to imagine that such a small country，the size of Indiana with the population of Alaska，tucked in the Himalaya Mountains，accessible only by two airplanes，is the “Happiest Country in the world and has one of the fastest growing GDPS in the worldThis country is Bhutan，“Land of the Thunder Dragon”，which is located in South Asia and is encompassed by India，China，and NepalBhutan is the last standing Buddhist Kingdom in the World and，until recently，has preserved much of their culture since the l7th century by avoiding globalization and staying isolated from the worldInternet，television，and western dress were banned from the country up until ten years agoOver the past ten years globalization has begun to change in Bhutan，but things remain perfectly balancedBhutan is the only country in the world that has a GNH，which refers to “Gross National HappinessThe process of measuring GNH began when Bhutan opened up to globalizationIt measures peoples quality of life，and makes sure that “material and spiritual development happen together”Bhutan has done an amazing job of finding this balanceBhutan has continually been ranked as the happiest country in all of Asia，and the eighth Happiest Country in the world according to Business WeekIn 2007，Bhutan had the second fastest growing GDP in the world，at the same time as maintaining their environment and cultural identityIn 2008，in Bhutans first democratic election，28-year-old Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wang Chuck was elected president of BhutanHe promises to “maintain a stance （立场)of protection against the worst aspects of globalization，maintaining the Gross National Happiness”But Jigme himself is no stranger to globalizationHe attended high school at Phillips Academy and university at Wheaton College and then graduated from Oxford44The underlined word “encompassed in the first paragraph most probably means _ . AcoveredBsurroundedCseparatedDguarded45Why is Bhutan regarded as “the happiest country”? ABecause it changes its policy and begins to open up BBecause it uses “GNH” to measure its achievement CBecause it stresses both material and spiritual development DBecause it has the second fastest growing GDP in the world46What Can we infer from the last paragraph? AThe election in Bhutan is far from satisfactory BGlobalization has influenced Bhutans religion CJigmes educational background will cause distrust DPeople in Bhutan will continue living a happy life47Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?【参考答案】4447、ACDD 【2014高考英语二诊考试】 请阅读下列短文，从每篇短文后所给各题的A，B，C，D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。Coffee is a powerful beverageOn a personal level，it helps keep US awake and activeOn a much broader level，it has helped shape our history and continues to shape our cultureCoffee didnt take off until the l400s when people figured out they could roast its seedsBy the l500s，the drink had spread to coffeehouses across the Arab worldWithin another l50 years，it took Europe by storm“It actually had a major impact on the rise of business，” historian Mark Pendergrast saysCoffeehouses became a spot not just to enjoy a cup but to exchange ideasThe insurer Lloyds of London was founded hundreds of years ago in one of Londons 2,000 coffeehousesLiterature，newspapers and even the works of great composers like Bach and Beethoven were also spawned(涌现)in coffeehousesIt is often said that after the Boston Tea Party of l773，when American colonists attacked British tea ships and threw boxes of tea into the harbor，Americans universally switched over to drinking coffeeIn a letter John Adams wrote to his wife，Abigail，the Founding Father claims his love of tea but says he will have to learn to embrace coffee instead，because drinking tea had become a symbol of not loving the countryFor all the upsides coffee has brought the modern world，it also led to its fair share of downsides，tooEuropeans carried coffee with them as they colonized various parts of the world，and this frequently meant they enslaved people in order to grow itIn Brazil where slavery was legal until l888 coffee plantations would use slash-and-burn agriculture，tearing down rain forests and planting coffee treesOnce the soil had been exhausted，growers would move on to another placeAnd yet，coffee，as Pendergrast says，”had a very good impact in many ways on our civilization，even though it was，for a long time，grown by slaves”48Why did people enjoy going to coffeehouses? ABecause it was a fashion to drink coffee BBecause coffeehouses provided a better flavor CBecause they could stay awake and active there DBecause they could exchange ideas there49What can we learn from the fourth paragraph? AAmerican colonists made great profits by trading in coffee BTea was regarded as a symbol of loving ones country CCoffee became very popular after the incident in Boston DJohn Adams was the Founding Father of the Tea Party50In the fifth paragraphthe writer points out that _ .ACoffee plantation was closely connected with slavery Bcoffee plantation led to outdated agriculture in Brazil Cslavery in Brazil had been against the law until l888 Dslavery was responsible for the damage to rainforests 5 1What is mainly talked about in this passage? ASome interesting stories about coffee culture BImportant Roles that coffee played in history CHow coffee became the most popular beverage DHow coffee affected Americas independence【参考答案】4851、DCAB 【2014高考英语二诊考试】 请阅读下列短文，从每篇短文后所给各题的A，B，C，D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 Why do we laugh and get amusement from so many different things，from puns (双关语) to pratfalls? Why are some things funny to some people and not to others? How is that while a successful joke can cause pleasure，a sick one can cause serious harm? Over the centuries，various scholars have attempted to produce a universally agreed-upon theory of humorPlato and Aristotle introduced the superiority(优越感) theory，the idea that people laugh at the misfortune of othersTheir theory seems to explain teasing，but it doesnt work well for knock-knock jokesSigmund Freud argued for his relief theory，the concept that humor is a way for people to release psychological tension and reveal their inner fears and desiresHis theory works well for dirty jokes，less well for most puns The majority of humor expels today agree with the incongruity theory，the idea that humor arises when theres a gap between what people expect to happen and what actually happensIncongruity has a lot going for it jokes with unexpected funny lines，for example，fit wellBut scientists have found that in comedy，unexpectedness is overvalued With the goal of developing a new，more satisfactory explanation，I produced “the gentle violation(违背)theory”，the idea that humor arises when something seems wrong or threatening，but is actually OK or safeA dirty joke，for example，trades on moral or social violations，but its only going to get a laugh if the person listening is open enough to consider the subject OK to talk aboutSimilarly，puns can be seen as linguistic violations that still make grammatical sense And while most humor theories have struggled to account for tickling (挠痒痒)，or just avoided the phenomenon altogether，my theory accounts for even this kind of laughterTickling involves violating someones physical space in a gentle wayPeople cant tickle themselves because it isnt a violation52What is the authors attitude towards Plato and Aristotles theory? ACriticalBApprovingCuncaringDUnclear53 According to Sigmund Freuds theory，we can infer that _ . Apeople will laugh when they see others suffer Btelling dirty jokes is a relief of ones nervous feelings Cunexpectedness can explain how humor works Dtickling doesnt involve psychological tension54According to the author，why are some things funny to some people but not to others? ABecause the sense of humor varies greatly from person to person BBecause people have different expectations for the same thing CBecause some people lack the sense of safety deep in their heart DBecause peoples understanding of violation is different55What is the authors main purpose of writing this passage? ATo draw peoples attention to the research of humor BTo criticize peoples misconceptions about humor CTo explain what exactly causes people to laugh DTo prove the sense of humor can be developed【参考答案】5255、ABDC