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第一部分必修1Unit 2.完形填空(2015安徽)In our modern world, when something wears out, we throw it away and buy a new one.The _1_ is that countries around the world have growing mountains of _2_ because people are throwing out more rubbish than ever before.How did we _3_ a throwaway society? First of all, it is now easier to _4_ an object than to spend time and money to repair it._5_ modern manufacturing (制造业) and technology, companies are able to produce products quickly and inexpensively.Products are plentiful and _6_.Another cause is our _7_ of disposable (一次性的) products.As _8_ people, we are always looking for _9_ to save time and make our lives easier.Companies _10_ thousands of different kinds of disposable products: paper plates, plastic cups, and cameras, to name a few.Our appetite for new products also _11_ to the problem.We are _12_ buying new things.Advertisements persuade us that _13_is better and that we will be happier with the latest products.The result is that we _14_ useful possessions to make room for new ones.All around the world, we can see the _15_ of this throwaway lifestyle.Mountains of rubbish just keep getting bigger.To _16_ the amount of rubbish and to protect the _17_， more governments are requiring people to recycle materials._18_， this is not enough to solve (解决) our problem.Maybe there is another way out.We need to repair our possessions _19_ throwing them away.We also need to rethink our attitudes about _20_.Repairing our possessions and changing our spending habits may be the best way to reduce the amount of rubbish and take care of our environment.()1.Akey BreasonCproject Dproblem()2.Agifts BrubbishCdebt Dproducts()3.Aface BbecomeCobserve Dchange()4.Ahide BcontrolCreplace Dwithdraw()5.AThanks to BAs toCExcept for DRegardless of()6.Asafe BfunnyCcheap Dpowerful()7.Alove BlackCprevention Ddivision()8.Asensitive BkindCbrave Dbusy()9.Aways BplacesCjobs Dfriends()10.Adonate BreceiveCproduce Dpreserve()11.Aadapts BreturnsCresponds Dcontributes()12.Atired of Baddicted toCworried about Dashamed for()13.Anewer BstrongerChigher Dlarger()14.Apick up Bpay forChold onto Dthrow away()15.Aadvantages BpurposesCfunctions Dconsequences()16.Ashow BrecordCdecrease Dmeasure()17.Atechnology BenvironmentCconsumers Dbrands()18.AHowever BOtherwiseCTherefore DMeanwhile()19.Aby Bin favour ofCafter Dinstead of()20.Aspending BcollectingCrepairing Dadvertising【主旨大意】文章讲述了抛弃型消费社会的表现、成因、危害以及解决措施；旨在呼吁人们转变消费观念，为环保尽一份自己的力量。1【答案】D【解析】根据文章内容可知，本文主要讲述了人们把用坏了的东西随手扔掉，从而导致垃圾堆积如山这一问题，文章倒数第二段最后一句中的“this is not enough to solve our problem”和倒数第三段的第一句“to the problem”亦有暗示。故选D项。2【答案】B【解析】根据下文的“because people are throwing out more rubbish than ever before.”即人们比过去扔掉更多的垃圾可知，这里说的是“垃圾山”日益壮大，故选B项。3【答案】B【解析】句意为：我们是怎样变成一个抛弃型消费社会的呢？ face意为“面对”；become意为“变成”；observe意为“观察；遵守”；change意为“改变”。根据语境可知，B项正确。4【答案】C【解析】句意为：替换一件物品比花时间和金钱去修理它更容易。hide意为“躲藏；隐藏”；control意为“控制”；replace意为“取代；替代”；withdraw意为“撤退；收回”。根据语境可知，上文提到人们习惯把用坏了的东西随手扔掉，即这里是指买新的东西来替换用坏的东西，故选C项。5【答案】A【解析】句意为：由于现代制造业和技术的发展，公司能够快速而廉价地生产出各类产品。thanks to意为“幸亏；由于”；as to意为“关于；至于”；except for意为“除了以外”；regardless of意为“不管；不顾”。根据前后逻辑关系可知，“现代制造业和技术”与“公司能够快速而廉价地生产出产品”之间是因果关系，因此A项正确。6【答案】C【解析】根据上文“companies are able to produce products quickly and inexpensively.”可知，产品丰富又便宜。故选C项。7【答案】A【解析】根据下文人们总是想法设法去节约时间、让生活更轻松以及许多公司生产了大量一次性产品可知，我们喜欢用一次性产品，故选A项。lack意为“缺少；缺乏”；prevention意为“预防；阻止”；division意为“分开；除法”。8【答案】D【解析】由下文的“to save time”可知人们很“忙碌”，故选D项。sensitive意为“敏感的；灵敏的”；kind意为“善良的”；brave意为“勇敢的”。9【答案】A【解析】句意为：忙碌的人们总是在想方设法来节省时间，让生活更轻松。上文说人们喜欢使用一次性产品就是他们为节省时间所寻找的“方法”。故选A项。10【答案】C【解析】句意为：公司生产出成千上万种不同的一次性产品。donate意为“捐赠；捐献”；receive意为“收到；接收”；produce意为“生产；创作”；preserve意为“保存；保护”。由语境可知，公司为喜欢用一次性产品的消费人群 “生产”出多种一次性产品，故选C项。11【答案】D【解析】句意为：我们对新产品的嗜好也促成了这一问题的产生。adapt to意为“适应”；return to意为“返回”；respond to意“对作出回应”；contribute to意为“促成；有助于；导致”。根据语境可知，人们对新产品的嗜好，即喜新厌旧的态度，对随手丢弃的问题起到火上浇油的作用。故选D项。12【答案】B【解析】句意为：我们对购买新产品上了瘾。be tired of意为“对厌倦，厌烦；”；be addicted to意为“沉溺于；对上瘾”；be worried about意为“为担心”；be ashamed for意为“对感到惭愧(羞愧)”。根据语境可知，我们买新产品上瘾，故答案为B项。13【答案】A【解析】句意为：广告劝说我们更新的产品会更好，而且使用了最新的产品，我们也会更开心。根据下文的“ we will be happier with the latest products.”可知答案应选A项。14【答案】D【解析】句意为：结果，我们扔掉了有用的东西以便为新买的东西腾出地方。pick up意为“拾起，捡起；获得”；pay for意为“为而付报酬”；hold onto意为“紧紧抓住；抓住不放”；throw away意为“扔掉”。根据下文“to make room for new ones”可知应选D项。15【答案】D【解析】句意为：在世界各地，我们都可以看到这种抛弃型生活方式所产生的后果。advantage意为“优势；有利条件；利益”；purpose意为“目的”；function意为“功能；作用”；consequence意为“结果；后果”。根据下文的“Mountains of rubbish just keep getting bigger.”可知，垃圾山越来越大就是这种抛弃型生活方式带来的后果。D项符合语境。16【答案】C【解析】句意为：为了减少垃圾数量，保护环境，越来越多的政府要求人们回收利用材料。根据语境可知政府要求人们回收利用旧物质材料的目的为了“减少”垃圾的数量。故选C项。17【答案】B【解析】根据语境和生活常识可知，减少垃圾数量，回收利用旧物质材料都是为了保护“环境”。故选B项。18【答案】A【解析】句意为：可是，这些不足以解决我们所面临的问题。根据上下文逻辑关系，设空前后两句之间有转折关系。however意为“然而；可是”，符合语境。otherwise意为“否则”；therefore意为“因此”；meanwhile意为“同时；其间”。19【答案】D【解析】句意为：我们需要修理我们的东西而不是把它们扔掉。根据语境可知，作者对于乱扔东西是不赞成的，建议人们应该尽可能去修理它们。instead of在此意为“而不是”，符合语境。in favour of意为“支持；赞成”，与作者的意图相去甚远。20【答案】A【解析】句意为：我们也需要重新思考我们的消费观。根据下文的“ and changing our spending habits”可知，A项符合语境，spend意为“花钱；消费”。.阅读理解(2014全国课标，D)As more and more people speak the global languages of English, Chinese, Spanish, and Arabic, other languages are rapidly disappearing.In fact, half of the 6,0007,000 languages spoken around the world today will likely die out by the next century, according to the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)In an effort to prevent language loss, scholars from a number of organizationsUNESCO and National Geographic among themhave for many years been documenting dying languages and the cultures they reflect.Mark Turin, a scientist at the Macmillan Center, Yale University, who specializes in the languages and oral traditions of the Himalayas, is following in that_tradition.His recently published book, A Grammar of Thangmi with an Ethnolinguistic Introduction to the Speakers and Their Culture, grows out of his experience of living, working, and raising a family in a village in Nepal.Documenting the Thangmi language and culture is just a starting point for Turin, who seeks to include other languages and oral traditions across the Himalayan reaches of India, Nepal, Bhutan, and China.But he is not content to simply record these voices before they disappear.At the University of Cambridge Turin discovered a wealth of important materialsincluding photographs, films, tape recordings, and field noteswhich had remained unstudied and were badly in need of care and protection.Now, through the two organizations that he has foundedthe Digital Himalaya Project and the World Oral Literature ProjectTurin has started a campaign to make such documents, found in libraries and stores around the world, available not just to scholars but to the younger generations of communities from whom the materials were originally collected.Thanks to digital technology and the widely available Internet, Turin notes, the endangered languages can be saved and reconnected with speech communities.()1.Many scholars are making efforts to_.Apromote global languagesBrescue disappearing languagesCsearch for language communitiesDset up language research organizations()2.What does “that tradition” in Paragraph 3 refer to?AHaving full records of the languages.BWriting books on language teaching.CTelling stories about language users.DLiving with the native speakers.()3.What is Turins book based on?AThe cultural studies in India.BThe documents available at Yale.CHis language research in Bhutan.DHis personal experience in Nepal.()4.Which of the following best describes Turins work?AWrite, sell and donate.BRecord, repair and reward.CCollect, protect and reconnect.DDesign, experiment and report.【主旨大意】世界上有很多语言正面临着消亡。文章讲述的是Turin和其他研究者拯救世界上那些面临消亡的语言的具体做法。1【答案】B【解析】 细节理解题。根据文章第二段可知，许多学者多年来一直都在致力于记录那些即将消失的语言以及这些语言所反映的文化。故选B项。2【答案】A【解析】词义猜测题。根据文章开头两段可知，为了保护那些即将消失的语言，许多学者多年来一直从事这些语言的记录整理工作。第二段中的关键词document，意为“记录”。而马克图林作为语言学家，同样也遵循这一传统，也就是说，对语言进行着记录。故选A项。3【答案】D【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知，马克图林最新出版的书是源自于他自己在尼泊尔的一个小村庄里生活和工作的经历。故选D项。4【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句中的关键词collect可知，马克图林所设立的机构首先是收集材料；根据最后一段最后一句中的关键词save 和 reconnect可知，马克图林利用现代技术对那些即将消失的语言进行保护并将这些语言重新连接到它们所属的言语社区。因此马克图林的工作可描述为：collect，protect，reconnect。故选C项。.语法填空(2015全国课标)The adobe dwellings (土坯房)1._ (build) by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even 2._ most modern of architects and engineers.In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their 3._ (able) to “air condition” a house without 4._ (use) electric equipment.Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat 5._ (slow) during cool nights，thus warming the house.When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough 6._ (cool) the house during the hot day; 7._ the same time, they warm up again for the night.This cycle 8._ (go) day after day: The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and are thus always a timely offset(抵消)for the outside temperatures.As 9._ (nature) architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly 10._ thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.【主旨大意】本文介绍了美国西南部的普韦布洛印第安人的土坯房。1【答案】built【解析】考查非谓语动词。该句中已有谓语动词are admired，故此处应用非谓语动词。build和其逻辑主语the adobe dwellings之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，空格后的by引出了动作的发出者，故用build的过去分词形式built，作后置定语。2【答案】the【解析】考查冠词。根据空后的最高级标志词most可知此处填定冠词the。句意为：由美国西南部的普韦布洛印第安人建造的土坯房受到了最前卫的建筑师和工程师的青睐。3【答案】ability【解析】考查词性转换。空格前有作定语的形容词性物主代词their修饰，所以用able的名词形式ability，意为“能力”。句意为：除了朴素之美以外，这些土坯房令人赞叹之处是这些房子不使用电气设备而自动进行空气调节的能力。4【答案】using【解析】考查非谓语动词。without为介词，故此处用动词的ing形式。5【答案】slowly【解析】考查词性转换。修饰动词短语give out要用slow的副词形式slowly。句意为：土坯做的墙在炎热的白天里吸收了太阳的热量，在凉爽的夜晚再把热量缓慢地释放出来，这样就使房子变得温暖。6【答案】to cool【解析】考查非谓语动词。此处用作目的状语，要用动词不定式。7【答案】at【解析】考查介词。at the same time是固定词组，意为“与此同时”。8【答案】goes【解析】考查动词时态。根据上下文时态，可知此处应用一般现在时。9【答案】natural【解析】考查词性转换。名词architects前应用形容词作定语来修饰。10【答案】how【解析】考查名词性从句。分析句子结构和空格后的形容词thick可知，此处应用how引导宾语从句，表示要弄清楚到底土坯房的墙需要多厚。.书面表达(2016辽宁沈阳东北育才学校高三上学期二模)假如你是李华， 你班的留学生Charles即将结束三周的假期从美国返回。你想委托他为你代购一个剃须刀， 作为生日礼物送给爸爸。请按照以下要求给他写一封电子邮件： 1品牌： Gillette；2价格： 30美元左右。注意： 1词数100左右；2可以适当增加细节， 以使行文连贯；3开头语和结束语已为你写好， 不计入总词数。参考词汇： 剃须刀shaverDear Charles，_Yours，Li Hua【答案】One possible version：Dear_Charles，I havent seen you for over three weeks.How have you been doing these days? I miss you so much! But it wont be long before we meet again, isnt it?Charles, could you do me a favor, please? My fathers birthday is coming, and I want to give him a shaver as a birthday gift.Just buy me a Gillette about 30 dollars.It is a very famous brand around the world.You can bring it back when you come back, and I will pay you back for that.Thank you very much.Looking forward to your coming soon.Yours，Li_Hua
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