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Unit 4 Global warming Section Grammar夯实基础知识. 用所给动词的正确形式填空1. It_(be) three years since I began to stay in Beijing.答案：is/has been2. It was not long before she_(learn) those poems by heart.答案：learned3. If you plant watermelon seeds in the spring, you_(eat) fresh watermelon in the fall.答案：will be eating4. Experiments of this kind_(conduct) in both the US. and Europe well before the second world war.答案：had been conducted5. The manager_(tell) the workers how to improve the program since 9：00 am.答案：has been telling6. When did the computer crash?This morning, while I_(store) the reading materials download from some websites.答案：was storing7. Close the door of fear behind you, and you_(see) the door of faith open before you.答案：will see8. I feel so excited! At this time tomorrow morning I_(fly) to Yunnan.答案：will be flying9. Did you catch what I said?Sorry. I_(answer) a text message just now.答案：was answering10. Hi, Tony, can I use your computer for a while this afternoon?Sorry. It_.(repair)答案：is being repaired. 完成句子1. People running for president often_. (reduce) 竞选总统的人往往主张减税。答案：advocate reducing taxes2. I could never_. (put)我绝对受不了他说谎。答案：put up with his lying3. _reading the composition. (take)读完这篇作文花了我半个小时。答案：It took me half an hour to finish4. Mr. Knight cannot be there, so I will_.(behalf)奈特先生不能去那儿，所以我代表他去。答案：go there on behalf of him5. Would you like to_the hospital rebuilding fund？(contribution)你愿为医院重建基金捐款吗？答案：make a contribution/contributions to6. Most of the people_were his old schoolmates.(invite)应邀参加晚会的人大多数是他的老校友。答案：invited to the party7. _to understand the meaning of the painting. (take)我花了相当长的时间才理解那幅画的意义。答案：It took me quite a long time8. 2012江苏高考Ones life has value_value to the life of others. (long)只要一个人能给他人的生活带来价值，他的生命就是有价值的。答案：as long as one brings9. We should be able to do the job for you quickly_us all the necessary information. (so)只要你给我们所有必需的信息，我们就能马上为你做这项工作。答案：so long as you give10. How to give advice in English_.(what)我正努力学习如何用英语提建议。答案：is what I am trying to learn. 单句语法填空(不多于3个单词)1. It was on February 27, 2010 in Vancouver(温哥华)_Wang Meng won her third gold medal, making history.答案：that考查强调句型。此处强调地点和时间状语。句意：2010年2月27日在温哥华，王濛获得了她的第三枚金牌，创造了历史。2. It was in the small house_was built with stones by his father_he spent his childhood.答案：which/that; that第一空用which/that引导定语从句；第二空填that，that构成强调句型的框架，被强调部分为地点状语in the small house.。句意：他是在那个由他父亲用石头建立的小房子里面，度过的他的童年。3. I dont mind her criticizing me, but_is how she does it that I object to.答案：it考查强调句型。句意：我不介意她批评我，但是我反对的是她批评我的方式。故用it。4. Was it under the tree _you were away talking to a friend? Sure. But when I got back there, the bike was gone.答案：while句意：“当你离开去同朋友谈话的时候，你的自行车是在这棵树下吗？”“当然，但当我回来时，自行车就不见了。”学生易误以为问句是强调句型，实际上it是代词，指代the bike。此处要用while引导时间状语从句，意思是：当的时候。5. It was after he got what he had desired_he realized it was not so important.答案：that本题考查强调句式中连词的用法。本句为强调句型，Itbe强调部分that其他。关键在于认出是强调句型。句意：是在他得到他想要的东西之后，他才意识到那没那么重要。6. It was on the farm_he spent his childhood that he learned how to grow vegetables.答案：where根据句子意思可知，第一空为定语从句，先行词the farm在从句he spent his childhood中作地点状语，故用where，that引导的是强调结构部分。句意：是在他度过童年的那个农场里，他学会了如何种菜。7. I just wonder_it is that makes him so excited.答案：what考查强调句型的特殊疑问句式的陈述语气。句意：我刚才在想是什么让他如此兴奋。强调结构中缺主语，故用what。8. Was it not until you began to work_you realized how much time you had wasted?答案：that考查not until的强调结构。分析句子结构可知，该题为It was not until的强调句型结构，故应选由that连接的陈述结构。句意：是直到你开始工作了才意识到你已经浪费多少时间了吗？9. Where was_that the road accident happened yesterday?In front of the market.答案：it考查强调结构的特殊疑问句形式。句意：昨天的道路事故到底是在哪发生的？市场前面。10. My teacher often tells us, “It is not who is right but what is right_is of importance.”答案：that考查强调结构。句意：老师经常告诉我们“谁对谁错不重要，重要的是什么是对的。”本题考查了强调句型，而被强调部分用了not.but.结构，增加了习题的难度。提升实战能力. 阅读理解2013四川高考Fear may be felt in the heart as well as in the head, according to a study that has found a link between the cycles of a beating heart and the chance of someone feeling fear.Tests on healthy volunteers found that they were more likely to feel a sense of fear at the moment when their hearts are contracting (收缩) and pumping blood around their bodies, compared with the point when the heartbeat is relaxed. Scientists say the results suggest that the heart is able to influence how the brain responds to a fearful event, depending on which point it is at in its regular cycle of contraction and relaxation.Sarah Garfinkel at the Brighton and Sussex Medical School said：“Our study shows for the first time that the way in which we deal with fear is different depending on when we see fearful pictures in relation to our heart.”The study tested 20 healthy volunteers on their reactions to fear as they were shown pictures of fearful faces. Dr Garfinkel said, “The study showed that fearful faces are better noticed when the heart is pumping than when it is relaxed. Thus our hearts can also affect what we see and what we dont seeand guide whether we see fear.”To further understand this relationship， the scientists also used a brain scanner(扫描仪) to show how the brain influences the way the heart changes a persons feeling of fear.“We have found an important mechanism by which the heart and brain speak to each other to change our feelings and reduce fear，” Dr. Garfinkel said.“We hope that by increasing our understanding about how fear is dealt with and ways that it could be reduced, we may be able to develop more successful treatments for anxiety disorders, and also for those who may be suffering from serious stress disorder.”本文是一篇说明文。本文讲述了科学家通过研究揭示了恐惧与心脏和大脑的关系。1. What is the finding of the study?A. Ones heart affects how he feels fear.B. Fear is a result of ones relaxed heartbeat.C. Fear has something to do with ones health.D. Ones fast heartbeats are likely to cause fear.答案：A细节理解题。由全文和第四段最后一句“Thus our hearts can.fear.”可知我们的心跳影响我们对恐惧的感知，所以A符合题意。2. The study was carried out by analyzing_.A. volunteers heartbeats when they saw terrible picturesB. the time volunteers saw fearful pictures and their health conditionsC. volunteers reactions to horrible pictures and data from their brain scansD. different pictures shown to volunteers and their heartbrain communication答案： C细节理解题。由文章第四段和第五段可知，实验是通过分析志愿者对可怕图片的反应和他们的大脑扫描数据来进行的。A项“志愿者看到可怕图片时的心跳”太片面；B项中提到了身体健康状况，而文章中并没有提及，故排除；D项中的heartbrain communication是在实验后提到的，故也排除。3. Which of the following is closest in meaning to “mechanism” in Paragraph 6?A. Order.B. System. C. Machine. D. Treatment.答案：B词义猜测题。结合上文的实验可知，mechanism所在句句意为：我们已经发现了一个重要的(身体内的)机制，通过它心脏和大脑可以互相交流来改善我们的情绪并减少恐惧。故只有B项system“体系，系统”与mechanism意思相近。order“顺序，命令”；machine“机械，机器”；treatment“治疗”。4. This study may contribute to_.A. treating anxiety and stress betterB. explaining the cycle of fear and anxietyC. finding the key to the heartbrain communicationD. understanding different fears in our hearts and heads答案：A推理判断题。由最后一段中的“.we may be able to develop more.disorder.”可知这个研究对治疗焦虑和压力有好处。所以选A项。. 七选五Easy Ways to Keep Your Brain SharpEveryone is forgetful, but as we age, we start to feel like our brains are slowing down a bitand that can be a very annoying thing. _1_Read on for some techniques worth trying.1. _2_ People who regularly made plans and looked forward to upcoming events had a 50 percent reduced chance of Alzheimers disease (早老性痴呆症), according to a recent study. _3_ Something as simple as setting a goal to have a weekly coffee date with a friend will do. Theres evidence that people who have a purpose in life or who are working on long or shortterm goals appear to do better. In other words, keep your brain looking forward. 2. Go for a walk. Mildly raised glucose (葡萄糖) levels can harm the area of the brain that helps you form memories and physical activity can help get blood glucose down to normal levels. In fact, exercise produces chemicals that are good for your brain._4_3. Learn something new. Take a Spanish class online, join a drawing club, or learn to play cards. A study found that mental stimulation (刺激) limits the weakening effects of aging on memory and the mind. But the best thing for your brain is when you learn something new and are physically active at the same time. _5_ Or go dancing with your friends.A. Focus on the future.B. This can be especially harmful to the aged.C. It should be something like learning gardening.D. So take a few minutes each day to do some reading.E. But dont worry if your schedule isnt filled with lifechanging events.F. Luckily, research shows there is a lot you can do to avoid those moments.G. In other words, when you take care of your body, you take care of your brain.本文是说明文。每个人都很健忘，但是随着年龄的增长，我们的大脑开始反应缓慢，这是件令人烦恼的事。本文针对此问题向大家介绍了几种简单的能使大脑变得敏捷的方法。1. F正因为上文中讲述的这种问题的出现，所以此处话锋一转，提出解决的方法，引出本文的话题，故选F。2. A由本段第一句及最后一句“In other words，keep your brain looking forward.”可知要着眼于未来，故选A。3. E前一句是一项研究结果，后一句是列举的具体事例，所以此句属于过渡句，如果你的计划表上没有填满改变生活的事件，也不用担心，故选E。4. G本段围绕“Go for a walk.”展开议论，说明了锻炼对大脑的好处，换句话说，当你照看好你的身体的时候，也就照看好了你的大脑，故选G。5. C根据上文的“But the best thing for your brain is when you learn something new.”可知答案选C。. 语法填空W: Hey, Robert, what do you think about cigarette ads?M: Theyre disgusting. Many countries have banned tobacco ads _1_ (complete). But there are still a lot of ads around us.W: I heard in the States advertisers are not allowed to show young people smoking cigarettes, _2_ are ads targeted at youth allowed.M: But advertisers keep _3_ (find) ways around the law. Some years ago one cigarette ad showed a deer smoking, but it _4_ (dress) in a university sweater. Obviously the ad is trying to attract young people.W: Yes. In order to increase sales, they have to make smoking appealing _5_ young people. Make them think its cool. Now more and more young people are _6_ (addict) to smoking, even some pupils.M: Right. Cigarette makers need to keep bringing in new customers, because the _7_ ones are dying of lung cancer.W: Well. It is not only _8_ social problem. Our Student Union should do some publicity (宣传) against smoking on campus.M: I _9_(can) agree more. What is your plan?W: Im thinking of putting up some posters to refuse cigarette ads.M: _10_ (sound) great. Ill join you.1_2._3._4._5_6._7._8._9_10._两人关于烟草广告的讨论。1. completely考查词性转换。副词修饰动词ban。2. neither考查连词。空格前后为并列关系，既不允许在广告中出现年轻人吸烟的镜头，也不允许把广告目标对准年轻人。且空格后为倒装语序，句中没有否定词语，故此处应填neither。3. finding考查动名词。keep后常接动词ing形式作宾语。4. was dressed考查被动语态。it指代deer，deer和dress为被动关系，且由showed可知此处应用一般过去时，故填was dressed。5. to考查介词。appeal to sb.意为“对某人有吸引力”。 6. addicted考查词性转换。be addicted to sth.意为“沉迷于某事”，为固定用法。7. old考查形容词。由because可知此处为因果关系，因为老顾客are dying of lung cancer，所以要挖掘新顾客。故应填new的反义词old。8. a考查冠词。a表泛指，意为“一个”。9. couldnt/cant考查情态动词。I cant/couldnt agree more.为I cant agree with you more.的省略，意为“我非常同意。”10. Sounds考查主谓一致。Sounds great.为省略句，完整的句子为It sounds great.主语是it，故谓语动词用单数。
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