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Unit 4 Astronomy：the science of the starsI 教学内容分析 本单元的中心话题是“天文学”。本单元的两篇文章都采用了叙述性文体。第一篇阅读短文按照时间顺序主要叙述了地球上生命的起源和发展过程。第二篇阅读短文中作者用第一人称的口吻讲述了他和朋友的登月经历。可以说本单元科学知识含量较高，更能激发学生的学习兴趣和好奇心。 Warming Up 部分共有两个问题,第一个问题让学生说出八大行星并看图指出各个行星的名称；第二个问题让学生说出自己对天文学哪些方面感兴趣以及天文学家所关注的方面。在高考的重压之下，同学们都想能利用科学的学习方法做到事半功倍而且很多学生也一直做着将来能成为科学家的梦。所以，该话题会让学生们兴趣盎然，积极思考和讨论此方面的内容，从而达到热身的目的。 Pre-reading 部分也提出了三个问题，主要是让学生区分宗教信仰、文化传统和科学思想之间的不同。可以以讲故事的方式让学生彼此之间分享一些有关宇宙和地球起源方面的传说或故事，这样既能激活他们的思维也能为阅读部分打下基础。Reading 部分描写了地球上生命的起源和发展过程，具体写了由于水的形成才使得地球上生命的诞生成为可能。科学家认为，地球上的生命最初诞生于水中。数万年后，陆地上才长出了绿色植物，随后出现了陆栖动物和水陆两栖动物。最初的动物靠孵化繁衍后代， 再之后诞生了哺乳动物，人类也随之诞生了。文章最后讲述的现象发人深省：The earth may become too hot for the lives on it.它关系到地球上生命的未来。 Comprehending 部分通过五个练习题检测学生对本文核心内容的理解。练习1是对文章结构的分析以及大意的概括；练习2通过排序的方式帮助学生弄清本文的行文线索，也就是地球上生命的起源和发展历程；练习3提出5个小问题，考查学生的深层理解和推断能力；练习4让学生找出文章中出现的连接词，检查学生对文章中句型的熟悉和理解程度，同时还有助于学生在写作方面得到提高；练习5让学生选择一个问题进行回答并向全班汇报，开拓学生的思维并锻炼他们的语言表达能力。 Learning about Language 有词汇和语法两部分。第一部分练习让学生学着去应用课文中出现的词语。第二部分是针对主语从句的练习，其中第一题要求学生从课文中找出三个或更多的主语从句；第二个练习以把主语从句改写成简单句的形式让学生能对此语法有深层的了解。第三个练习则以完成句子的方式要求学生更进一步的运用复合句，此部分是对表语从句进行练习。 Using Language包括“听力”、“阅读”、“说和写”三大块。这三部分的话题都是有关科学的。听力部分主要是介绍三位伟大的科学家。阅读部分讲了一个科幻故事。说和写的中心话题是登月旅行中必需的工具和可能遇到的问题。该部分的设计由浅入深，层层递进，既练习了听力又丰富了知识，还能够锻炼同学们的想象力，拓展学生各方面能力。 Summing Up 指导学生归纳和总结在本单元学到的知识有用词汇、惯用表达和语法结构。II教学重点和难点1 教学重点（1）本单元的生词、短语和句型结构；（2）掌握主语从句并把它和表语从句进行区别；（3）学会运用科学知识并能结合自己的想象力去解决现实中的问题。2教学难点（1）通过学习相应的科学知识培养学生的创造性思维能力；（2）学生应能够理解主语从句的用法和作用并能做到学以致用，举一反三。III教学计划本单元建议分为六课时：第一课时：Warming Up, Talking (Workbook) & Listening（Workbook）第二课时：Pre-reading, Reading & Comprehension第三课时：Learning about Language 第四课时：Using Language 第五课时：Reading task & Speaking task (Workbook)第六课时：Listening task & Writing task (Workbook)IV. 教学步骤：Period 4 Using Language Teaching Goals: 1. To improve Ss listening ability.2. To ensure Ss have really grasped the important words and phrases of the unit.Teaching Procedures:Step 1. Listening Purpose: To help Ss improve the listening ability.1. Pre-listening(1) Ask Ss to look at the photos of the three great scientists on P30 and say something about them. Then ask them the following questions. Do you know about some background knowledge of these three great scientists ? Can you say something about them? (2) Ask Ss to look through Ex1 and Ex2 on P30 and get fully prepared for listening to the tape.2. Listening(1) Ask Ss to listen to the tape and finish Ex1 on P30.(2) Play the tape again and ask Ss to check the answers in pairs.(3) Ask Ss to listen to the tape for the third time and finish Ex2 on P30. Then have some of them explain their answers.Step 2. Reading Purpose : To get Ss to know about human beings feelings of visiting the moon. 1. Fast readingAsk Ss to look through the text quickly and choose the best answer to the following question. The passage is mainly about _? A. introduction of the moon B. the gravity that I felt on my way to the moon C. my visit to the moon D. my friend Yanping, an astronomerSuggested Answer: C.2. Intensive reading Ask Ss to read the text carefully and finish the following exercises.(1) According to the text, we know that the force of the gravity would change _ times. A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5(2) When did the author feel strongest of the gravity of the earth? A. On the moon. B. On the half way to the moon. C. At the very beginning D. On their leaving from the moon(3) What causes the writer to feel that he becomes weightless on the moon? A. Spaceship B. Gravity C. His friend D. His Good feelings of the moon(4) From the text we can know if a man grows up on the moon, _. A. he will grow taller than on the earth B. he will grow shorter than on the earth C. he will become fatter D. he will become weightlessSuggested Answers: (1) B (2) C (3) B (4) AStep 3. Speaking and writingPurpose: To get Ss to learn how to prepare a list of things used for going to the moon.To practice the writing ability of Ss.1. Divide the whole class into 6 groups. Let Ss discuss with their group members what they might need to go to the moon. Meanwhile, ask one student of each group to write down the important parts of their discussion.2. After the discussion Ss have had some knowledge of the things they would need if they were going to the moon. Get them to describe the three ways in which gravity changed for Li Yanping and how his weight changed.3. Then Ss to write a short passage explaining three problems they might meet on the moon as well as the solutions to these difficulties. Before writing, they can have a discussion.Step 4. Consolidation1. Ask Ss to finish Ex2 and Ex3 on P63P64 and let them check the answers together.2. Ask Ss to finish the following exercises.(1) Fill in the blanks with proper words according to the given information. The scientific study of the stars is called a_. Eating too much during the Spring Festival can do great h_ to our health. The patients health is g_ improving with the help of the doctor. The mixture of gases that surround the earth is called a_. People can find lots of v_ scenes in some American films. Hearing the exciting story, almost everyone in the room _(爆发) with laughter. The forest _(延伸) as far as the river bank. The wife was much _ (失望的) at her husbands absence. Marx was _ (强迫) to leave his motherland for political reasons. There is much dust _ (漂浮) in the air.Suggested Answers: astronomy harm gradually atmosphere violent exploded spreads disappointed forced floating(2) Finish the following sentences according to the Chinese. _ (使我苦恼的) is that I havent heard from him recently. Do not read books in the poor light as it is _ (对你的眼睛有害). _ (随着时间的推移), we are getting better with each other. _ (我过去在工厂工作了十年) has a great and active effect on my life. Please try to come back early _. (既然一切都安排好了) Suggested Answers: What makes me upset / annoyed harmful to your eyes As time goes by That once I worked in a factory for ten years now that everything has been arranged(3) Choose the best answer to the following sentences. The Americans are eating _ vegetables today as they did before.A. more than twice B. more than twice as many C. twice over as many D. over twice as much If you always work so hard like this, you will _ sooner or later. A. break up B. break out C break down D. break in Will you go out for shopping this Sunday? Well, _.A. I would like to go. B. it all depends C. I have a lot of work to do D. certainly not Beyond _ stars the astronaut saw nothing but _ space.A. the; / B. /; the C. /; / D. the; the _ you have got a chance, you might as well make use of it.A. After B. Although C. As soon as D. Now thatSuggested Answers: B C B A DStep 5. Homework1. Ask Ss to use the words and phrases learned in this unit to write a short passage about their own opinions on traveling to space.2. Ask Ss to preview the next period.
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