贵阳专版2017中考英语命题研究第二部分语法专题突破篇专题一名词精讲试题

专题一名词贵阳五年中考命题规律及趋势编者按：系统分析贵阳近5年试题，重点是单项选择、完形填空、词语运用题，逐命题点统计考查频次，表格直观呈现，并在各命题后批注考情，便于快速把握重点，逐一攻克。考纲要求1.可数名词及其单复数2.不可数名词3.专有名词4.名词所有格考查点年份题号选项设置分值名词词义辨析201640sisters/sister/sisters1分62food/money/wallet1分67danger/safety/energy1分69activities/groups/persons1分70health/ocean/industry1分201556the beautiful places/their_hometowns/the big cities1分57much_time/much money/much food1分59tall buildings/new_schools/big factories1分45pictures1分201431oranges/potato/tomatoes1分57door/wall/window1分62my_key/the ladder/the door bell1分65monkey/man/horse1分66friends/monkeys/changes1分68himself/the_stick/the teacher1分201331students/doctors/workers1分38two weeks/three hours/four_miles1分60pictures/stores/prices 1分63ideas/news/keys1分69work/fun/money1分70time/advice/stress1分201234oranges/tomatoes/broccoli1分56coffee/water/tea1分66friend/driver/dentist1分67invitation/gift/idea1分33five minutes/five_minutes/five minutes1分名词单复数201686timetimes1分201588riverriverspicturepictures1分90informationinformation1分201491earears1分201381footfeet1分分析贵阳近5年中考真题可以看出，名词为单项选择题的必考点，且近两年偏向名词词义在语境中的辨析，句子设置的语境贴近学生生活实际。对名词单复数的考查会和词义辨析结合，注重对语境的考查。对名词所有格的考查也会和单复数结合，侧重于不规则变化的名词复数。设题形式均为简单句，以两个单句为主，一个句子提供语境，另一个句子设题，词数在912个。另外，完形填空和词语运用中也会涉及对名词的考查，完形填空侧重考查名词的词义辨析，而词语运用则侧重对名词单复数的所有格以及名词与其他同类的辨析的考查。预测2017年贵阳中考的单项选择仍会考查名词词义辨析题，且与语境紧密结合。完形填空也会涉及23道名词词义辨析题，且与上下文语境相结合。词语运用中考查名词变复数的可能性较大。贵阳中考重难点突破名词名词的分类专有名词普通名词可数名词个体名词集体名词不可数名词物质名词抽象名词名词的数可数名词单数复数规则变化不规则变化不可数名词名词的所有格s所有格的构成及用法of所有格的构成及用法双重所有格名词的句法作用名词作主语、宾语、表语名词作定语、同位语、补语、状语名词辨析【满分点拨】分析贵阳中考近几年单选和完形对名词辨析的考查，主要以语境辨析和近义词辨析为主。1语境辨析分析贵阳中考近几年单选和完形，名词辨析侧重于对语境辨析的考查，同时较少涉及单复数、固定搭配。学生在做题时，首先应读懂句意，抓住题干中关键信息，并分析各个选项的意思，结合日常生活的常识及语境，即可选出正确答案。2近义词辨析近义名词在贵阳中考中没有涉及，老师可根据以下所列常见近义名词适当补充。1family，home，house与room2noise，sound与voice3question与problem4work与job5message，information与news6village，city与countryside7clothes，cloth与clothing8photo，picture与drawing9population与people10road，street，path与way11exercise，exercises与practice12class与lesson13country，nation，state与land14police与policeman15trip，journey，travel与tour【考点抢测】(C)1.If Peter comes to us by any chance，please ask him to leave a _Aletter BsentenceCmessage(C)2.If you go to visit London，dont forget to bring your _. Because it rains a lot.Apassport Bmoney Cumbrella(A)3.Its your _ as a teacher to protect your students.Aduty Bhobby Chabit(B)4.Jennifer takes a lot of exercise every day and she is always full of _Aknowledge BenergyCchange(A)5.Its a good _ to have breakfast every morning.Ahabit Bjob Cmenu(C)6.I want to write for international _ to become a writer.Achairs Bcomputers Cmagazines(C)7.The Internet is very useful. We can get a lot of _ from it.Athings BquestionsCinformation(B)8.Lin Shuhao is one of the best basketball _ in NBA.Aactors Bplayers Cwriters(B)9.Please pick me up at the _. My plane arrives at 8：00 am.Ahotel Bairport Cmuseum(B)10.With the help of his friends，he changed a lot. Maybe thats the _ of friendship.Astation Bpower Cdecision(B)11.I will stay at _ when the summer holiday comes.Ahouse Bhome Cfamily(A)12.Its kind of you to offer your _ to the old in the bus.Aseat Bspace Cplace(C)13.Im sorry I went out for a smoke.I was so tired.Theres no _ for this while you are at work.Acause Breason Cexcuse(C)14.Now there are more and more new drivers，but they havent got a correct _ of direction.Aidea Bfeeling Csense(B)15.The environment is getting worse and worse，so we have to face this _ right now.Aquestion BproblemCissue名词的数【满分点拨】1名词的分类类别意义例词专有名词表示人、地方、事物、机构、组织等名称的词Alice，Canada，the Great Wall普通名词可数名词个体名词表示个体的人或事物的词book，desk，table，bike，plane集体名词表示一群人或一些事物的词family，class，police，team，group不可数名词物质名词表示构成各种物体的物质或材料的词glass，water，air，paper，wood抽象名词表示状态、品质、行为、感情等抽象概念的词danger，health，love，success，interest2.可数名词单复数变化规律情况构成方法例词一般情况加scapcaps；dogdogs；bikebikes；driverdrivers以字母s，sh，ch，x等结尾加esbusbuses；wishwishes；watchwatches；boxboxes以“辅音字母y”结尾变y为i，再加esladyladies；centurycenturies；familyfamilies；storystories续表情况构成方法例词以f或fe结尾一般变f，fe为v，再加esleafleaves；lifelives；halfhalves；knifeknives以o结尾o前为辅音音素时加es，o前为元音音素时加stomatotomatoes；heroheroes；potatopotatoes；radioradios；zoozoos；例外，photophotos；pianopianos复合名词将后一个词变为复数toothbrushtoothbrushes；filmgoerfilmgoers两部分都变复数man doctormen doctors；woman teacherwomen teachers特殊名词改变内部元音字母footfeet；toothteeth；manmen；mousemice词尾加renchildchildren单复数同形ChineseChinese；sheepsheep；deerdeer注意：(1)由man和woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是把man改成men。但German不是合成词，故其复数形式为直接加s。(2)man和woman作定语时，其本身的单复数形式与被修饰词的单复数一致。如：a man teachermen teachers(男老师)a woman cookwomen cooks(女厨师)3常见不可数名词归纳及用法(1)常见的不可数名词物质名词食物bread面包meat肉cheese奶酪液体milk牛奶water水wine酒oil油自然物体soil土壤sand沙子wood木头抽象名词情感joy高兴friendship友情peace和平学科math数学geography地理physics物理chemistry化学概念population人口knowledge知识(2)不可数名词量化的表示不可数名词的多少可用以下词组来表示：a block of一块a bottle of一瓶a group of一群 a pair of一组，一双，一对a piece of一片(张，块) a pile of一堆短语a pair(piece)of复数名词作主语时，中心词是pair(piece)，故谓语动词用单数；若短语是two pairs(pieces)of复数名词作主语，则中心词是two pairs(pieces)，谓语动词用复数。(3)可数与不可数易混归纳exercise(锻炼)some exercises(练习，训练)work(工作)works(著作)glass(玻璃)a glass(玻璃杯)paper(纸)a paper(报纸，证件，试卷)wood(木头，木材)a wood(小树林)room(空间)a room(房间)life(生活)seven lives(七条生命)【考点抢测】一、词语运用。woman，foot，apple，sheep，glass1The students of Grade 7 visited Mikes farm and saw many _sheep_ there.2All the _women_ teachers in our school enjoyed themselves on March 8th because it was their own holiday.3Im going to the supermarket to buy some milk and _apples_ this afternoon.4Is that pair of _glasses_ a little cheaper?5These shoes are too big for my _feet_二、单项选择。(B)6.Hurry up，we just get a few _ to prepare for the presentation.AminuteBminutesCchance(A)7.I gave a bunch(束) of _ to my mom on Mothers Day.Aflowers Bflower Cflour(A)8.Mom，Ive heard that we cant eat _ these days. Is it true?Take it easy. It is safe to eat cooked meat.Achicken Bchickens Ca chicken(B)9.Are there any _ in your school?Yes，there are.AGermen BGermans CGerman(C)10.Do you have any _？Yes，I like chess and drama best.Ajobs Bhobby Chobbies名词所有格【满分点拨】含有and的所有格用and连接两个并列的单数名词表示两人共同拥有某物，这时只在最后一个名词后加s，用A and Bs表示。如：Mrs.King is Lucy and Lilys mother.金女士是露西和莉莉的母亲。用and连接两个并列名词，表示分别拥有各自的物品时，两个名词都在词尾加s，用As and Bs表示。如：There are Toms and Marys bags.这些是汤姆和玛丽的包。双重所有格两种形式of名词所有格。如：He is a friend of my brothers.他是我哥哥的一个朋友。of名词性物主代词。如：Is she a daughter of yours？她是你的一个女儿吗？【考点抢测】1One of my _classmates_ (classmate)homework wasnt handed in today.2When is _Childrens_ Day?Its on June 1st，Dave.(child)(B)3.How far is your home from school?Its about two _ walk.Ahours BhoursChours(A)4.On the weekend，_ is so crowded that I can not find my friend.Athe center of the cityBcitys centerCcitys and centers(B)5.Mary is _，so please treat her as yours.Aa friend of me Ba friend of mineCa friend of you8