高考英语二轮复习 第一部分 专题增分练 课时04 阅读理解-主旨大意题

课时04 阅读理解-主旨大意题 .阅读理解AJeremy Kerr， a researcher at the University of Ottawa in Canada， and his colleagues analyzed more than 400，000 observations of bumblebee species collected in North America and Europe from 1975 to 2010. When the researchers recorded the locations of these bee populations， they found that many of the 67 species analyzed were moving northward from their southern limits while the northern edges of the bees ranges are staying in place. What it results in is obvious.Bees have been paid more attention to in recent years， with populations of honeybees and bumblebees obviously declining in some parts of Europe. Previously， attention on the decline of bee populations has focused on causes including habitat loss， pesticide use and the spread of bee parasites (寄生虫). But the work by Kerrs team found something different.“For every species， there is one or two species declining and others that are not moving at all，” says Kerr. This shift has also been observed in other species， such as butterflies. But due to a new causethe rise of temperatures instead of total pesticide use， a change in land use or parasites， bumblebeesunlike butterflieshave failed to extend the northern boundaries of their ranges into the territory that is now habitable for them， so bumblebee species across Europe and North America are declining rapidly， the latest study led by Kerrs team finds. “Our data suggest that the new factor plays a leading， or perhaps the leading， role in this trend，” says Kerr.“This study shows that a fourth factor is also beginning to affect it. It is likely that the combined stresses from all of these pressures will have destructive impacts on bumblebees in the nottoodistant future，” says Dave Goulson， a bee researcher at the University of Sussex， Brighton， UK.Exactly what can be done to help bumblebees is not clear. Kerrs team suggests that relocating colonies might be an answer but Goulson says that because the insects are mobile they are capable of moving northwards if there is suitable habitat available.语篇解读本文是一篇科普说明文。根据科学家的观察与研究，大黄蜂越来越难以适应全球变暖，它们的数量正在锐减，居住地也收缩了。1.What does the move of the bees southern limits lead to？A.The birth of new bee species.B.The rise of the bees population.C.The evolution of the bees.D.The reduction of the bees habitat.解析：考查推理判断。由第一段中的“many of the 67 species analyzed were moving northward from their southern limits while the northern edges of the bees ranges are staying in place”可知，大黄蜂栖息地的南边的界限向北移动了，而北边的界限保持不变，这样的结果就是大黄蜂的栖息地变小了。答案：D2.Whats the new cause of bee populations declining according to Kerr？A.Habitat loss.B.Pesticide use.C.Climate change.D.The spread of bee parasites.解析：考查细节理解。第三段中提到“But due to a new causethe rise of temperatures instead of total pesticide use，a change in land use or parasites，bumblebeesunlike butterflieshave failed to extend. led by Kerrs team finds”，故Kerr的团队发现的导致大黄蜂数量减少的新的原因是气候变化。答案：C3.Which statement may Goulson agree with？A.Relocating bumblebees isnt much good.B.The findings of Kerrs study are doubtful.C.The future of bumblebees is still promising.D.Knowing bumblebees living habits is the most urgent.解析：考查推理判断。由最后一段中的“Kerrs team suggests that relocating colonies might be an answer but Goulson says that because the insects are mobile they are capable of moving northwards if there is suitable habitat available”可知，Kerr的团队暗示，迁移大黄蜂的聚居地可能是一个解决办法，但是Goulson说因为这种昆虫具有流动性，因此如果北方有可用的合适的栖息地，它们就能向北方移动。也就是说Goulson对迁移大黄蜂这个方法是不赞成的。答案：A4.What kind of writing is this passage？A.A book review.B.An announcement.C.A scientific report.D.An official report.解析：考查推理判断。本文是科普说明文，介绍了大黄蜂数量减少的现象及原因，应该属于科研报告。故选C项。答案：CB(2016高考四川卷)If you could have one superpower， what would it be？Dreaming about whether you would want to read minds， see through walls， or have superhuman strength may sound silly， but it actually gets to the heart of what_really_matters_in_your_life.Every day in our work， we are inspired by the people we meet doing extraordinary things to improve the world.They have a different kind of superpower that all of us possess： the power to make a difference in the lives of others.Were not saying that everyone needs to contribute their lives to the poor. Your lives are busy enough doing homework， playing sports， making friends， seeking after your dreams. But we do think that you can live a more powerful life when you devote some of your time and energy to something much larger than yourself. Find an issue you are interested in and learn more. Volunteer or， if you can， contribute a little money to a cause. Whatever you do， dont be a bystander. Get involved. You may have the opportunity to make your biggest difference when youre older. But why not start now？Our own experience working together on health， development， and energy the last twenty years has been one of the most rewarding parts of our lives. It has changed who we are and continues to fuel our optimism about how much the lives of the poorest people will improve in the years ahead.语篇解读本文是一篇议论文。作者告诉我们，在我们周围有一些人每天都在激励着我们，这不是因为他们有超能力，而是他们通过做出色的事情，使这个世界变得更美好。因此，我们要做的就是花点时间和精力去帮助别人，这也会对我们的生活产生重大的影响。5.What does the underlined part in Paragraph 2 refer to？A.Your life style.B.Your life value.C.Your trouble in life.D.Your life experience.解析：细节理解题。根据文章第二段的内容“梦想着你会读心术，能洞穿墙壁，或者有超人的力量，这或许听起来很愚蠢，但事实上，这却是你内心深处认为人生最重要的东西”可知，画线部分的意思是“你人生中真正重要的东西”，即：你的人生价值，故B项正确。答案：B6.Why does the author say they are inspired every day？A.They possess different kinds of superpowers.B.They have got the power to change the world.C.Some people around them are making the world better.D.There are many powerful people in their life and work.解析：细节理解题。由文章第三段信息.we are inspired by the people we meet doing extraordinary things to improve the world.(我们被我们遇到的、做事出色而美化世界的人激励着)以及第四段They have a different kind of superpower that all of us possess：the power to make a difference in the lives of others.(他们有着我们每个人都拥有的另一种超能力在别人的生活中产生重大影响的能力)可知，作者每天都受到激励，不是因为他们有各种超能力，不是因为他们有改变世界的力量，也不是因为在他们的生活和工作中有许多权力强大的人，而是因为他们周围有一些人能对别人的生活产生影响，使这个世界变得更好，故排除A、B、D项。答案：C7.What does the author stress in Paragraph 5？A.Learning more and contributing more to a cause.B.Rising above self and acting to help others.C.Working hard to get a bigger opportunity.D.Trying your best to help the poor.解析：细节理解题。由文章第五段的信息But we do think that you can live a more powerful life when you devote some of your time and energy to something much larger than yourself.以及Whatever you do，dont be a bystander. Get involved.可知，作者在这一段强调：花点时间和精力去做点超越自我的事情。不管做什么，都不要只做个旁观者，要参与其中。要提升自我，行动起来帮助别人。故B项正确。答案：B8.What can be inferred from the last paragraph？A.The author believes the lives of the poorest will get better.B.Much more progress will be made in the near future.C.The work on health is the most valuable experience.D.Peoples efforts have been materially rewarded.解析：推理判断题。根据文章最后一段的信息It has changed who we are and continues to fuel our optimism about how much the lives of the poorest people will improve in the years ahead.可知，作者认为努力就有回报，最穷的人在以后会改善生活，故A项正确。本段提到过去20年间我们的经历是我们生活中最有意义的一部分，没提到“在不久的将来还会取得更多进步”，排除B项；本段提到了关于health，development和energy的经历是最有意义的，但并不是说“有关健康的工作是最有价值的经历”，排除C项；本段没有说“人们的努力已得到了物质上的回报”，排除D项。答案：A.完形填空Id got a chance to work for two weeks at BBC Radio Leeds. I was shocked for _1_ a long time. I couldnt believe it. It was months since Id _2_ my application letter. Id _3_ that I was one of the _4_ applicants applying for work experience.A few days later， I walked around the building for the first time， totally with _5_. It wasnt the beautiful studios but the news team that _6_ me most. Before my BBC placement (实习工作)， Id worked _7_ at a local commercial radio. Things there were always in a mess. This was absolutely not the _8_ here.The highlight of my two weeks there is that feeling of _9_ that the whole team unites and devotes their _10_. All that hard work was worth it： you had _11_ listeners， insightful(有见解的) interviewees， and all this added to the _12_ of the show. Sure， there were tough moments but if you _13_ then itll all work out in the end.I _14_ plenty of actual work. Researching topics， booking guests， and meeting guests were all things I spent a lot of time doing， but that _15_ is not definitely complete and I also _16_ a lead story for the breakfast show， too.Im going back to study the final year of my broadcast journalism degree at the University of Leeds soon， but in my mind therell be that _17_ of unemployment. Obviously my _18_ career is dependent on what opportunities will be in store for me， but _19_ theres one thing Ive learnt， its this： I want to work somewhere with a team of people as friendly and fantastic as the _20_ at BBC Radio Leeds.语篇解读这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者讲述了自己在BBC实习的经历及感受。1.A.justB.yetC.even D.never解析：根据空前的“shocked”和下文内容可知，作者甚至(even)很长一段时间都处在震惊之中。答案：C2.A.submitted B.subscribedC.mentioned D.polished解析：根据语境可知，此处表示自作者提交申请信已经数月的时间了。submit“呈交，递交”符合语境。答案：A3.A.assumed B.rememberedC.confirmed D.admitted解析：依据上文的“I couldnt believe it”可知，此处指作者认为自己是未被录用的不幸的申请人之一。assume“假定，认为”符合语境。答案：A4.A.excellent B.fortunateC.unlucky D.available解析：参见上题解析。答案：C5.A.confidence B.respectC.concern D.hesitation解析：根据语境可知，此处表示作者第一次环绕着(该公司的)大楼散步时心中充满了敬意。答案：B6.A.satisfied B.troubledC.impressed D.moved解析：根据前文中的“It wasnt the beautiful studios but the news team that”和后文的内容可知，此处表示最让作者印象深刻(impressed)的并不是美丽的演播室而是新闻团队。答案：C7.A.faithfully B.steadilyC.formally D.temporarily解析：在此之前，作者曾经短暂地(temporarily)在一个当地的商业广播电台工作过。答案：D8.A.standard B.methodC.case D.rule解析：依据前面的“Things there were always in a mess”和下文作者对BBC团队的肯定可知，在BBC，情况绝对不是这样的。not the case是一个固定表达，表示“情况不是这样的”。答案：C9.A.pride B.challengeC.adventure D.freedom解析：依据句中的“The highlight of my two weeks”可知，此处是作者对这里的员工的赞誉，故选pride。答案：A10.A.efforts B.valuesC.personalities D.lives解析：根据语境及前文的“unites and devotes their”可知，此处指整个团队团结努力。effort“努力”符合语境。答案：A11.A.stable B.enthusiasticC.talented D.humorous解析：根据后文中的“insightful(有见解的) interviewees”可知，此处表示有热情的听众和有见解的受访者。答案：B12.A.creativity B.diversityC.popularity D.security解析：所有这些使这个节目很受欢迎。popularity“流行，受欢迎”符合语境。答案：C13.A.promise B.adaptC.succeed D.persist解析：上文的“tough moments”和下文的“itll all work out in the end”说明，此处表示只要坚持下去，最终困难都能够得到解决。persist“坚持”符合语境。答案：D14.A.introduced B.undertookC.monitored D.guided解析：由后文的“plenty of actual work”可知此处应选undertook，表示作者承担了很多工作。答案：B15.A.list B.descriptionC.situation D.responsibility解析：根据上文的“Researching topics，booking guests， and meeting guests”可知，此处表示当然这个清单(list)并不是完整的，并不是作者所有的工作内容。答案：A16.A.made up B.worked onC.took in D.picked out解析：根据语境可知，此处表示作者也从事过头条新闻的工作。work on“从事于”，符合语境。答案：B17.A.inspiration B.effectC.cause D.threat解析：依据后文中的“unemployment”可知，这里指作者很快就要重返学校了，但是作者心中依然受到失业的威胁。threat“威胁，恐吓”符合语境。答案：D18.A.chief B.typicalC.future D.ideal解析：根据上文可知，作者现在还是一个在校学生，因此这里指作者未来的工作。故选future。答案：C19.A.when B.sinceC.though D.if解析：如果有一件事是作者学习到的，那就是这件事。根据语境可知，此处要用if“如果”引导条件状语从句。答案：D20.A.journalists B.volunteersC.graduates D.actors解析：根据语境可知，此处指作者想和像BBC的新闻工作者(journalists)一样友好和优秀的团队共事。答案：A