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专题21记叙文第三部分完形填空专题21记叙文考纲展示命题探究1题型解读记叙文一直受高考完形填空命题者的青睐，在高考完形填空题中占有相当大的比重。记叙文就是记载、叙述人们在生活中看到、听到、经历过、接触过的一些人物和事件的文章，它是借助叙述、描写、抒情等手段记叙社会生活中的人、事、景、物的形态及其发展过程，用以表达作者的思想、抒发作者的某种情感的文章。从内容来看，作者为了叙述的方便，往往会按照时间先后顺序来安排情节和内容，其特点就是条理清楚，层次分明。不过有时为了突出某个情节或为了增加阅读趣味性，或为了其他目的，作者可能会采用插叙，甚至倒叙的写作手法。弄清了文章篇章信息的分布情况，有助于抓住文章的主线，理清文章的脉络。2题型特点(1)情节曲折，信息量大，结尾往往出人意料。近几年高考完形填空往往在情节上有较大的曲折变化，并且结果出人意料，在文章的写作风格上作者不再是单纯地去叙述某个人、某件事，而是在叙述过程中把对人物的语言、行为、心理活动的描写也都融入了文章的叙述中，这样无疑就增加了考生理解的难度。因此，对于考生来说应理清故事发展的脉络，根据人物的语言、行为及心理活动等去了解作者的写作意图，对故事的发展和结局作出合理的想象和预测。(2)文章内容为中学生所关注和熟悉的话题，有亲切感，能引起学生的共鸣。近几年高考完形填空中有很多是反映人际关系、当今科学发展对人际关系的影响等的文章，这些是学生平时在生活中接触比较多的话题，因此对于学生来说容易接受，没有陌生感。考法综述完形填空着重考查考生的语篇理解能力，记叙文因其具备完整的故事情节和深刻的教育意义而更能体现考生的这种能力，所以近几年的高考仍然以记叙文这种体裁为选材的重中之重。主要包括幽默故事、名人传记、事件叙述等。命题法1词义辨析典例1My kids and I were heading into the supermarket over the weekend. On the way, we spotted a man holding a piece of paper that said, “_1_(Lost)_ my job. Family to Feed.”At this store, a _2_ like this is not normal.2A.condition BplaceCsight Dshow答案C前文叙述了作者在去超市的时候看见的情景，然后本空所在句说，在这家商店(外面)这种情景并不常见。故选C。condition“状态”；place“地点”；sight“看见的事物，情景”；show“展示”。典例2.In the store, I asked each of my kids to _1_ something they thought our “friend” there would _2_. They got apples, a sandwich and a bottle of juice.1A.draw BsayCarrange Dpick2A.order BsupplyCappreciate Ddiscover答案上文提到作者和孩子们去超市购物，看到有人举着求助的牌子，因此这两个空所填词应该与买东西和给予帮助相关。1D只有pick与买东西的动作有关，表示“挑选”。2C所在部分的主语“our friend”指文章开头提到的举着牌子求助的人，因此这里用appreciate，表示“欢迎”。【解题法】词义辨析的解题思路(1)从语境中寻找相关信息确定答案。(2)识记和学会运用一些形近和义近的词汇，并结合语境，通过上下文的暗示来判断语境所需要的词汇。命题法2固定搭配或习惯用法典例3.At this store, a _1(sight)_ like this is not normal. My 10yearold noticed him and made a _2_ on how bad it must be to have to stand _3(outside)_ in the cold wind. Stepping out not only helped a brother in _4_，it also gave my kids the _5(sweet)_ taste of helping others. Itll go a long way with them.2A.suggestion BcommentCdecision Dcall4A.fear BloveCneed Dmemory答案2.B考查“动词makea(n)名词”的固定搭配。四个选项的搭配都是正确的：make a suggestion“提出建议”； make a comment“作出评论”； make a decision“作出决定”； make a call“打电话”。语境表示站立在寒风中的滋味肯定不好受，由此可以看出这是孩子作出的评论，因此用comment。4C考查“介词in名词”的固定搭配。四个选项中的名词都能与介词in构成固定搭配：in fear“恐惧地”； in love“相爱”；in need“在贫困中，在危难中”；in memory“在记忆中”。根据空格前的helped可以判断出选C。【解题法】固定搭配或习惯用法的解题思路在平时的学习中，积累一些固定搭配或习惯用法，并且在解答此类试题时要弄清楚上下文的故事情节、语境所需要的含义，以快速锁定正确的选项。命题法3行文逻辑关系典例4 One of the easiest things in the world is to become a faultfinder. However, life can be _1_ when you are not busy finding fault with it.Train yourself to “bite your tongue”， and with a little _2_， youll get really good at letting things go. And when you do, youll get back your enthusiasm and love for life.1A.lonely BgreatCquiet Duneasy2A.practice BspeechCrest Dpity答案1.B作者开头提到我们很容易成为挑剔的人，然后用表示转折的过渡词“However”引出文章的话题不找毛病其实也挺好的。故选B，great表示“美妙的，使人快乐的”。这里为后文的叙述做铺垫。2A作者在这里告诫我们要“Train yourself”，与此呼应，本题选A，空格处应用practice表示“训练，练习”。【解题法】行文逻辑关系的解题思路(1)运用词汇复现，轻松选择判断。解答完形填空题时，考生可以利用上下文的复现信息，确定答案。词汇复现包括原词复现、同义词复现、反义词复现、概括词复现、同根词复现等。(2)高屋建瓴，把握主旨。完形填空主要考查考生对上下文的理解以及考生的逻辑判断能力，解题时考生要抓住文章的主旨大意，并进行合乎逻辑的推理判断，从而准确推断出文章的隐含信息。命题法4主旨大意典例5Uncle Bruce has been my most influential role model. I admire him because he has _1_ me into the person I am today by teaching me respect and responsibility and.Uncle Bruce is my hero because he is _2_ that I want to be when Im at his age. He is the one whose _3_ can change the way I look at something.1A.shaped BpromotedCtrained Dblessed2A.everybody BeverythingCnobody Dnothing3A.strength BhonestyCopinion Dstandard答案本文开头就点明了全文的主题：Uncle Bruce是对作者最有影响的楷模。1A根据上文中的“most influential role model”以及下文中的“teaching me.”可知，此处应用shape“塑造”，表示他把作者塑造成今天这样。promote“提升，晋升”；train“训练”；bless“祝福”。2B本段继续围绕文章的主题展开叙述。Uncle Bruce是作者心目中的英雄，那么作者希望自己到了他现在这个年龄的时候能够和他一样，由此推断，这里用everything表示“一切，所有事物，情况”。3C全文的主题是Uncle Bruce是作者心中的楷模。围绕主题，再结合语境判断选opinion，与“change the way I look at something”呼应，表示他的“观点”能够改变我看待事情的方式。【解题法】主旨大意的解题思路(1)重视文章的题目，完形填空的题目往往是文章的主题，因此考生在阅读时如果碰到了带有题目的文章，要想一想文章的大意会是什么。(2)重视文章的首句或每段的第一句，因为它们一般都是文章或段落的主旨句。(3)重视尾句或每一段的最后一句，因为这往往是全文或段落的总结句。命题法5生活常识及文化背景典例6When I was just 20 months old, I suffered serious _1_(burns)_ after a bowl full of hot oil fell on my head. I was _2_ to hospital and had to stay there for weeks while the doctors _3_ to save my life. “Hollys very _4_(lucky)_ to be alive，” they told Mum and Dad. “But shell be _5_(left)_ with scars on her head, and of course her hair wont grow there.”2A.rushed BledCinvited Dforced3A.learned BfoughtCreturned Ddecided答案2.A背景常识题。在孩子受伤之后，肯定会被快速送到医院去。rush急忙地送(到某地)，符合语境。lead带领；invite邀请；force强迫，都不符合语境。3B背景常识题。急诊病人被送进医院，医生定会竭尽全力抢救。fight to do sth.意为“努力做某事”，符合语境。【解题法】生活常识及文化背景的解题思路完形填空命题的基本形式是独立的语篇，它以自身的内容提供完整的语篇信息，但其中有时渗透着如文化科学、历史地理、风俗民情等方面的知识。考生在做题时，若能积极地调动自己的文化背景知识和生活常识，巧妙地加以运用，特别是注意中西文化的差异，将会大大简化复杂的分析与判断过程，节省宝贵的时间，顺利地沿作者的思路阅读下去。Cloze 1限时：15分钟A Welcome GiftDario and his mother loved their new apartment. The living room was large enough for their piano. That night, the two of them _1_ side by side at the piano. They played jazz music to celebrate their new home. The loud _2_ filled the room and made them feel very happy.The next morning, _3_， their happiness disappeared. Someone had left a _4_ under their door during the night. One of their neighbors had written to complain (抱怨) about the sound of the piano. Darios mother asked the building superintendent (管理员) if he knew anything about it. But he said that they were all _5_ people and he couldnt imagine any of them had done that. Later that morning, Dario suggested that they write a letter to their _6_ and apologize for their playing.“Maybe we could go and _7_ everyone in person，” his mother said.“What if we invited them to come here for a _8_ instead？” Dario asked.They both loved the _9_. Over the next few days, they sent out invitations and prepared desserts _10_ their guests. They decorated the apartment with streamers (彩带) and party lights.Finally, the day of the party _11_. Some guests brought presents. Others brought flowers. Some even brought desserts to _12_. One woman, Mrs Gilbert, _13_ Darios mother with a book of piano music by Chopin.“I heard you playing the other night，” she said. “The sounds woke me out of bed. I _14_ that you might play like this every night. So I wrote a short note. I hope you dont think I disliked the playing.”Darios mother smiled at Mrs Gilbert. “I think maybe we _15_ you an apology，” she said. “I didnt _16_ how late it was when we were playing. Maybe we should play some quieter music at night.”“You play, you play！” Mrs Gilbert said. “I like what you play! Just not so loud at night.” She pointed to the book she had given them. “These songs are not such _17_ music.”“These songs are beautiful music，” Darios mother said. “We will be _18_ to play them in the evening.”“And we wont play so loud or late！” Dario said. He was already looking forward to _19_ the new music. More than that, however, he was happy to see the big smile on his mothers face. It gave him a feeling of _20_ and made him feel that they were home at last.Dario和他母亲因乔迁新居深夜弹钢琴庆祝而影响了邻居的休息，后来他们通过举办一个聚会加强了彼此之间的沟通和理解。1A.sat Bstood Clay Dwalked答案A根据空后的“side by side at the piano”可知，他们应该是坐(sat)在一起的。2A.voice Bring Cmusic Dcry答案C根据上文中的“They played jazz music”可知，这里应该是吵闹的音乐(music)充满了整个房间。3A.therefore Bhowever Cotherwise Dinstead答案B根据上文中的“made them feel very happy”以及空后的“their happiness disappeared”可知，此处应为转折关系，故用however。4A.note Bposter Cbill Dreport答案A根据下文中的“One of their neighbors had written to complain (抱怨) about the sound of the piano”可知，这里指一张便条(note)。5A.proud Brich Clucky Dnice答案D根据下文中的“he couldnt imagine any of them had done that”可知，管理员认为邻居们都很友善(nice)。6A.neighbors Bfriends Crelatives Daudiences答案A根据上文一位邻居留便条抱怨可知，他们应该是给邻居们(neighbors)写信致歉。7A.blame Binstruct Cquestion Dvisit答案D根据“we could go”和“in person”可知，这里是表示“拜访(visit)每一个人”。8A.party Bconcert Cshow Dplay答案A根据下文中的“party lights”和“the day of the party”可知，他们是想举办一个聚会(party)。9A.experience BideaCperformance Daction答案B根据上文Dario的建议可知，他和母亲都喜欢这个想法(idea)。10A.to Bwith Cfor Dfrom答案Cprepare sb.for sth.意思是“为某人准备某物”，这里指他们为邻居们准备了一些甜点。11A.continued BarrivedCpassed Dfinished答案B根据下文中的“Some guests brought presents”可知，最后，聚会那天到了(arrived)。12A.order Bsell Cshare Dadvertise答案C因为是参加聚会，所以一些邻居带甜点是用来分享(share)的。13A.treated BpresentedChelped Dserved答案Btreat“款待”；present“赠送”；help“帮助”；serve“服务”。present sb.with sth.意思是“赠给某人某物”，根据语境，这里表示Mrs Gilbert给Dario的母亲带来了一本书。14A.promised Badmitted Cagreed Dworried答案D根据下文中的“you might play like this every night”可知，这里应该是说Mrs Gilbert当时很担忧(worried)。15A.give Bsend Coffer Dowe答案DDario的母亲认为他们应该向Mrs Gilbert道歉。owe sb. sth.“欠某人某物”，符合语境。16A.realize Bremember Cunderstand Daccept答案A根据上下文语境可知，这里表示他们当时没有意识到(realize)他们那么晚了还在弹钢琴。17A.sweet Bstrange Cfunny Dloud答案D根据上文中的“Just not so loud”可知，这些歌曲不是那么吵闹(loud)。18.A.brave Bsorry Chappy Dafraid答案C根据上下文语境可知，他们将会非常高兴(happy)在晚上弹奏这些音乐。19A.changing BpracticingCrecording Dwriting答案B因为是新的音乐，所以Dario很期盼练习(practicing)。20A.equality Bfreedom Cwarmth Dsympathy答案C根据下文中的“made him feel that they were home at last”可知，他们融入了新的生活，应该有温暖的(warmth)感觉。Cloze 2限时：13分钟Dad had a green comb. He bought it when he married Mum. Every night, he would hand me his _1_ and say, “Good girl, help Daddy clean it, OK？”I was _2_ to do it. At age five, this dull task brought me such _3_. I would excitedly turn the tap _4_ and brush the comb carefully. Satisfied that Id done a good job, I would happily return the comb to Dad. He would _5_ affectionately at me and place the comb on his wallet.Two years later, Dad started his own _6_， which wasnt doing so well. That was when things started to _7_. Dad didnt come home as early and as much as he used to, Mum and I became _8_ with him for placing our family in trouble. With _9_， an uncomfortable silence grew between us.After my graduation, Dads business was getting back on track. On my 28th birthday, Dad came home _10_. As usual, I helped him carry his bags into his study. When I turned to leave, he said, “Hey, would you help me _11_ my comb？” I looked at him a while, then _12_ the comb and headed to the sink.It hit me then: why, as a child, _13_ Dad clean his comb was such a pleasure. That routine (习惯) meant Dad was home early to _14_ the evening with Mum and me. It _15_ a happy and loving family.I passed the clean comb back to Dad. He smiled at me and _16_ placed his comb on his wallet. But this time, I noticed something _17_. Dad had aged. He had wrinkles next to his eyes when he smiled, _18_ his smile was still as _19_ as before, the smile of a father who just wanted a good _20_ for his family.起初作者认为自己的父亲忙于事业对家人缺乏关心，但是后来作者发现父亲做的这一切其实都是为了家人的幸福。1A.bag Bwallet Ccomb Dbrush答案C根据文章首句“Dad had a green comb”可知，此处指作者的父亲会把梳子(comb)交给她，让她去清洗这把梳子。2A.annoyed BrelievedCashamed Dpleased答案D根据上下文语境可知，作者是很高兴(pleased)地去做这件事情的。下文的“excitedly”和“.clean his comb was such a pleasure”也是暗示。3A.joy Bsadness Ccourage Dpain答案A根据上下文语境可知，此处指这份乏味的工作给作者带来了快乐(joy)。4A.out Bover Cin Don答案D根据上下文语境可知，此处指的是作者打开水龙头。turn on“打开”，符合文意。5A.stare Bsmile Cshout Dlaugh答案B根据上下文语境可知，此处表示父亲会亲切地对着“我”笑(smile)，然后把梳子放到他的钱包上。stare“凝视，盯着看”；shout“大声说，喊叫”；laugh“笑，发出笑声”，均不符合文意。6A.family BbusinessCtask Djourney答案B根据下文的“Dads business”可知，两年之后父亲开创了自己的事业(business)，但是情况不太好。7A.progress BchangeCimprove Dform答案B根据后文的“Dad didnt come home as early and as much as he used to”以及“for placing our family in trouble”可知，那时候，事情开始变化(change)了。8A.satisfied BdelightedCmad Dstrict答案C根据句意，作者的母亲和作者很生父亲的气，因为他把他们的家陷入到困境中。be mad with意思是“对很生气”，符合句意。satisfied“满意的”；delighted“高兴的”；strict“严格的”，均不符合文意。9A.time Bpatience Cspeed Dease答案A根据文意，随着时间(time)的推移，我们之间慢慢产生了令人感到不舒服的沉默，这暗示出家庭成员之间有了隔阂。10A.occasionally BearlyCfrequently Drarely答案B结合上下文语境可知，此处指由于父亲的事业慢慢步入了正轨，在作者28岁生日那天，父亲早早地(early)回了家。occasionally“偶尔，间或”；frequently“经常地，频繁地”；rarely“很少”，均不符合文意。11A.sharpen BrepairCclean Dkeep答案C根据第一段中的“Good girl，help Daddy clean it, OK”可知，此处指父亲让作者帮助他清洗(clean)一下梳子。12A.dropped BtookChanded Dthrew答案B根据上下文语境可知，此处指作者接过(took)那把梳子，然后向洗涤池那里走去。13.A.watching BlettingChelping Dhearing答案C根据上文的“Good girl, help Daddy clean it, OK？”可知，此处指帮助(helping)父亲清洗梳子。14A.find BloseCwaste Dspend答案D这个习惯意味着父亲早早地回到家里，与母亲和“我”一起度过(spend)晚上的时间。15A.affected BbrokeCmeant Dsupported答案C根据上文的“That routine(习惯)meant.”可知，此处指这意味着(meant)一个快乐的和充满爱的家庭。16A.firmly BhurriedlyCcasually Dcarefully答案D父亲对“我”笑了笑，小心地(carefully)把梳子放在他的钱包上。firmly“坚决地”；hurriedly“匆忙地”；casually“随便地”，均不符合文意。17A.different BexcitingCinteresting Durgent答案A但是，这一次，“我”注意到一些不同的(different)事情。后文中的“Dad had aged. He had wrinkles.”也是暗示。18A.for Bor Cso Dyet答案D根据空处上下文的语境可知，此处表示意思上的转折，故要用yet“然而，但是”。19A.convincing BheartwarmingCcautious Dinnocent答案B父亲的微笑仍然像以前一样令人感到幸福快乐(heartwarming)。convincing“令人信服的，有说服力的”；cautious“谨慎的，十分小心的”；innocent“无辜的，无罪的”，均不符合文意。20A.origin BlifeCreputation Deducation答案B从父亲的笑中，作者体会到父亲是想让自己的家人有好的生活(life)。Cloze 3限时：15分钟My fianc (未婚夫) and I were excited about shopping for our first home. But our funds were _1_，and none of the houses in our price range seemed satisfactory.One agent _2_ a house in particular. Although her description sounded wonderful, the price was _3_ our range, so we declined. But she kept urging us to have a look _4_.We finally did and it was _5_ at first sight. It was Our Home, small and charming, overlooking a quiet lake. Walking through the rooms and talking with the owners, a nice elderly couple, we felt the warmth and _6_ of the marriage within that home. As perfect as it was, the price remained too high for us. But every day, we would sit by the lake, looking at the house and dreaming of _7_ it would be like to live there.Days later, we made a(n) _8_far below the asking price. Surprisingly, they didnt _9_ us. They renewed their offer _10_. It was also much more than we could afford, but far _11_ than the original asking price.The next day, we got a _12_ message that another buyer had offered a much higher price. Even so, we decided to talk with the _13_ directly. We made our final offer, which _14_ was thousands of dollars less than the other buyers bid. We knew it, _15_ we had to try.“Sold！” said the owner. Then he _16_： Hed seen us sitting by the lake all those times; he knew how much we loved the place and that wed _17_ the years of work they had put into their home; he realized he would take a _18_ by selling it to us, but it was worthwhile; we were the people they wanted to live there. He told us to consider the _19_ in the price “an early wedding present”Thats how we found our home and how I learned that when people are _20_， they are not strangers, only friends we havent yet met.我和未婚夫要买一套房子，可是我们看中的房子的价格大大超出了我们的购买能力。通过我们的努力争取，更是由于房主的善良，我们最终得到了梦寐以求的房子。这期间究竟发生了什么故事呢？1A.needed BlimitedCenough Dlarge答案B根据本句中的But及and后的内容可推知，我们买房子的资金是有限的(limited)。2A.recommended BdecoratedCsold Drented答案A一位代理人向我们特别推荐(recommend)了一套房子。3A.below BwithinCbeyond Dbetween答案C尽管她对房子的描述听起来非常好，可是价格却超出了我们可承受的范围。beyond“超出”，符合语境。4A.at least Bat mostCat times Dat hand答案A可是她一直力劝我们至少(at least)看一下房子。5A.relief BconcernClove Dcuriosity答案C根据后文对房子的描述可知答案为C项。“It was love at first sight.”那是一见钟情。6A.pride BhappinessCchallenge Ddesire答案B我们在那个家里感觉到了婚姻带来的温暖和幸福。与warmth对应的应是happiness，故选B项。7A.which BwhyCthat Dwhat答案D每天我们都会坐在湖边，看着那座房子，想象着居住在里面会是什么样子。考查宾语从句。设空处在从句中作like的宾语且表示“事物”，故答案为what。8.A.effort BofferCpromise Dprofit答案B根据后面的their offer可知答案为B项。9A.come across Blook afterCdepend on Dlaugh at答案D我们的出价远远低于他们的要价，没想到他们并没有嘲笑(laugh at)我们。10A.instead BindeedCaside Dapart答案A他们不但没有嘲笑我们，反而(instead)更改了他们的要价。11A.worse BbetterCless Dhigher答案C尽管要价还是大大超出了我们的支付能力，但比最初的要价低了很多(less)。12A.relaxing BdisappointingCpleasant Dregular答案B第二天我们获得了一个让我们失望的(disappointing)消息：另外一个买家出了一个比我们的出价高出很多的价格。relaxing令人放松的；pleasant令人愉快的；regular有规律的。13A.agents BbuyersCmanagers Downers答案D即使是这样，我们还是决定直接去和房主(owners)面谈。根据后面的the owner可知答案为D项。14A.already BstillCgenerally Dever答案B我们给出了最后的出价，这个价格还是(still)比另外那个买家出的价低好几千美元。15A.so BorCfor Dbut答案D我们明白这个现实，可是我们不得不去努力争取。根据语境可知此处表示转折，故选D项。16A.apologized BcomplainedCcriticized Dexplained答案D房主答应把房子卖给我们，接下来他解释了(explained)这么做的原因，后面就是他说的原因，故选D项。17A.check BanalyzeCappreciate Dignore答案C他知道我们有多么爱这个地方，也会感激(appreciate)他们这么多年来倾注在这所房子上的心血。18A.loss BriskCchance Dlead答案A他知道把房子卖给我们会损失(loss)一些钱，但是这么做是值得的。19A.increase BdifferenceCinterest Daverage答案B他告诉我们这个差价就算是提前送给我们的结婚礼物了。此处(difference)指两种出价的差价，故选B项。20A.kind BpoliteCsmart Denergetic答案A根据上文的描述可知这所房子的主人对我们太好(kind)了。Cloze 4限时：15分钟A Brick in LifeA young and successful manager was traveling down a neighborhood street, going a bit too fast in his new Jaguar. He was _1_ kids rushing out from _2_parked cars and slowed down when he thought he saw something._3_ his car passed, one child appeared, and a brick smashed in the Jaguars side door. He slammed on the _4_ and turned the Jaguar back to the spot from where the brick had been thrown.He jumped out of the car, grabbed the kid and _5_ him up against a parked car, shouting, “What was that all about and who are you? Just what _6_ are you doing？” Then he went on, “ Didnt you know that brick you threw is going to _7_ a lot of money. Why did you do it？”“ Please, Sir. Please, Im sorry. I didnt know_8_ else to do！” begged the youngster.“_9_ my brother，” he said. “He rolled off the sidewalk and fell out of his _10_ and I cant lift him up.”Sobbing, the boy asked the manager, “Would you please help me get him _11_ into his wheelchair? Hes hurt and hes too _12_ for me.”Moved _13_ words, the driver tried to swallow the rapidly swelling lump in his throat. He lifted the young man back into the wheelchair and _14_ his handkerchief and wiped the scrapes and cuts, checking to see _15_ everything was going to be okay.“Thank you, Sir. And God bless you，” the _16_ child said to him. The man then _17_ the little boy push his brother to the sidewalk toward _18_ home.It was a long _19_ back to his Jaguara long, slow walk. He never did repair the side door. He kept the dent(凹痕) _20_ him not to go through life so fast that someone has to throw a brick at you to get your attention.本文通过一个小故事告诉我们：生活的道路上不要走得太匆忙，
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