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阅读理解之说明文：创新押题Passage1 Nuclear powers(核能的) danger to health, safety, and even life itself can be described in one word: radiation(辐射).Nuclear radiation has a certain mystery about it, partly because it cannot be detected (探测) by human senses. It cant be seen or heard, or touched or tasted, even though it may be all around us. There are other things like that. For example, radio waves are all around us but we cant detect them, sense them, without a radio receiver. Similarly, we cant sense radioactivity without a radiation detector. But unlike common radio waves, nuclear radiation is not harmless to human beings and other living things.At very high levels, radiation can kill an animal or human being outright by killing masses of cells (细胞) in important organs (器官). But even the lowest levels can do serious damage. There is no level of radiation that is completely safe. If the radiation does not hit anything important, the damage may not be significant. This is the case when only a few cells are hit, and if they are killed outright. Your body will replace the dead cells with healthy ones. But if the few cells are only damaged, and if they reproduce themselves, you may be in trouble. They reproduce themselves in an unusual way. They can grow into cancer. Sometimes this does not show up for many years.This is another reason for some of the mystery about nuclear radiation. Serious damage can be done without the knowledge of the person at the time that damage has occurred. A person can be irradiated(放射治疗) and feel fine, then die of cancer five, ten, or twenty years later as a result. Or a child can be born weak or easy to get serious illness as a result of radiation absorbed by its grandparents.Radiation can hurt us. We must know the truth.1According to the passage, the danger of nuclear power lies in _.A. nuclear mysteryB. radiation detectionC. radiation levelD. nuclear radiation2Radiation can lead to serious results even at the lowest level _.A. when it kills few cellsB. if it damages few cellsC. though the damaged cells can repair themselvesD. unless the damaged cells can reproduce themselves3Radiation can hurt us in the way that it can _.A. kill large numbers of cells in main organs so as to cause death immediatelyB. damage cells which may grow into cancer years laterC. affect the healthy growth of our younger generationD. lead to all of the above results4Which of the following can be best inferred from the passage? A. The importance of protection from radiation cannot be overemphasized (过分强调).B. The mystery about radiation remains unsolved.C. Cancer is mainly caused by radiation.D. Radiation can hurt those who do not know about its danger.Passage2 Not all bodies of water are so evidently alive as the Atlantic Ocean, an S-shaped body of water covering 33 million square miles. The Atlantic has, in a sense, replaced the Mediterranean as the inland sea of Western civilization. Unlike real inland seas, which seem strangely still, the Atlantic is rich in oceanic liveliness. It is perhaps not surprising that its vitality has been much written about by ancient poets. Storm at Sea, a short poem written around 700, is generally regarded as one of mankinds earliest artistic representations of the Atlantic.When the wind is from the west All the waves that cannot rest To the east must thunder onWhere the bright tree of the sunIs rooted in the oceans breast.As the poem suggests, the Atlantic is never dead and dull. It is an ocean that moves, impressively and endlessly. It makes all kinds of noiseit is forever thundering, boiling, crashing, and whistling. It is easy to imagine the Atlantic trying to draw breathperhaps not so noticeably out in mid-ocean, but where it meets land, its waters bathing up and down a sandy beach. It mimics(模仿) nearly perfectly the steady breathing of a living creature. It is filled with symbiotic existences, too; unimaginable quantities of creatures, little and large alike, mix within its depths in a kind of oceanic harmony, giving to the waters a feeling of heartbeat, a kind of sub-ocean vitality. And it has a psychology. It has personalities: sometimes peaceful and pleasant, on rare occasions rough and wild; always it is strong and striking.1Unlike real inland seas, the Atlantic Ocean is _.A. always energeticB. lacking in livelinessC. shaped like a squareD. favored by ancient poets2What is the purpose of using the poem Storm at Sea in the passage?A. To describe the movement of the waves.B. To show the strength of the storm.C. To represent the power of the ocean.D. To prove the vastness of the sea.3What does the underlined word symbiotic mean?A. Living together.B. Growing fast.C. Moving harmoniously.D. Breathing peacefully.4In the last paragraph, the Atlantic is compared to _.A. a beautiful and poetic placeB. a flesh and blood personC. a wonderful worldD. a lovely animalPassage3 The Winners Club is a bank account specially designed for teenagersIt has been made to help you better manage your moneyThe Winners Club is a transaction account （交易账户） where you receive a key-card so you can get to your money 24/7 thats 24 hours a day, 7 days a week!Its a club with impressive features for teenagers:No account keeping fees!Youre no millionaire so we dont expect you to pay large feesIn fact, there are no accounts keeping or transaction fees!Excellent interest rates!You want your money to growThe Winners Club has a good rate of interest which gets even better if you make at least two deposits （储蓄） without taking them out in a monthConvenientTeenagers are busy we get thatYou may never need to come to a bank at allWith the Winners Club you can choose to use handy tellers and to bank from home using the phone and the InternetYou can have money directly deposited into your Winners Club accountThis could be your pocket money or your pay from your part-time job!Mega magazine includedAlong with your regular report, you will receive a FREE magazine full of good ideas to make even more of your moneyThere are also fantastic offers and competitions only for Winners Club membersThe Winners Club is a great choice for teenagersAnd it is so easy to joinSimply fill in an application formYou will have to get permission from your parent or guardian （so we can organize that cool key-card） but it is easyWe cant wait to hear from youIts the best way to choose to be a winner!1Which of the following is TRUE about the Winners Club?ASpecial gifts are ready for parentsBThe bank opens only on work daysCServices are convenient for its membersDFees are necessary for the account keeping2The Winners Club provides magazines which _Aencourage spendingBare free to all teenagersCare full of adventure storiesDhelp to make more of your money3What is the purpose of this passage?ATo set up a clubBTo provided part-time jobsCTo organize key-cardsDTo introduce a new banking servicePassage4 The view over a valley of a tiny village with thatched (草盖的) roof cottages around a church; a drive through a narrow village street lined with thatched cottages painted pink or white; the sight over the rolling hills of a pretty collection of thatched farm buildingsthese are still common sights in parts of England. Most people will agree that the thatched roof is an essential part of the attraction of the English countryside.Thatching is in fact the oldest of all the building crafts practiced in the British Isles(英伦诸岛). Although thatch has always been used for cottage and farm buildings, it was once used for castles and churches too.Thatching is a solitary (独立的) craft, which often runs in families. The craft of thatching as it is practiced today has changed very little since the Middle Ages. Over 800 full-time thatchers are employed in England and Wales today, maintaining and renewing the old roofs as well as thatching newer houses. Many property owners choose thatch not only for its beauty but because they know it will keep them cool in summer and warm in winter.In fact, if we look at developing countries, over half the world lives under thatch, but they all do it in different ways. People in developing countries are often reluctant to go back to traditional materials and would prefer modern buildings. However, they may lack the money to allow them to import the necessary materials. Their temporary mud huts with thatched roofs of wild grasses often only last six months. Thatch which has been done the British way lasts from twenty to sixty years, and is an effective defiance against the heat.1 Which of the following remains a unique feature against the heat_.A. Narrow streets lined with pink or white houses.B. Rolling hills with pretty farm buildings.C. Cottages with thatched roofs.D. Churches with cottages around them.2What do we know about thatching as a craft?A. It is a collective activity.B. It is practised on farms all over England.C. It is quite different from what it used to be.D. It is in most cases handed down among family members.3 People in developing countries also live under thatch because _ .A. thatched cottages are a big tourist attractionB. thatched roof houses are the cheapestC. thatch is an effective defense against the heatD. they like thatched houses better than other buildings4We can learn from the passage that _ .A. thatched cottages in England have been passed down from ancient times.B. thatching is a building craft first created by the English people.C. the English people have a special liking for thatched houses.D. most thatched cottage in England are located on hillsides.Passage1【文章大意】文章介绍核辐射对人类和动物的危害，即便辐射较弱，也会危害健康，有的影响不是明显的，但是人们可能多年后会死于癌症，或会对后代产生影响，如果核辐射量大，会导致死亡。1D【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段提到Nuclear powers(核能的) danger to health, safety, and even life itself can be described in one word: radiation(辐射).可知，它的危险在于辐射，故选D项。2B【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段提到There is no level of radiation that is completely safe. (任何程度的辐射是完全安全的)以及But if the few cells are only damaged, and if they reproduce themselves, you may be in trouble. They reproduce themselves in an unusual way. They can grow into cancer. Sometimes this does not show up for many years.可知，即便是低程度的辐射，如果受损害的细胞可以复制自己，这样复制出来的细胞也是受损害的，这最后会成为癌症，故选B项。3D【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段提到At very high levels, radiation can kill an animal or human being outright by killing masses of cells (细胞) in important organs (器官).可知会伤到器官，再They reproduce themselves in an unusual way. They can grow into cancer可知会导致癌症，再根据第四段提到Or a child can be born weak or easy to get serious illness as a result of radiation absorbed by its grandparents影响孩子的生长，故选D项。4A【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段Nuclear radiation has a certain mystery about it, partly because it cannot be detected (探测) by human senses可知，辐射在某种程度仍然是个秘密，故B错；根据第三段可知辐射会导致癌症但并不是所有人的癌症都由辐射引起，故C错；辐射是任何人都伤害，不是伤害它不知道的人，故D错；根据倒数第二段提到让我们了解辐射的危害，故选A项。Passage2【文章大意】本文表达了对大西洋的赞美。大西洋一直是很活跃的，它的力量强大得无可比拟，它狂野不羁。1A【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段倒数第二句Unlike real inland seas, which seem strangely still, the Atlantic is rich in oceanic liveliness.可知，大西洋具有丰富的海洋活跃分子，不像真正的内陆海一样平静，vitality和energetic表达的意思相近，故答案为A项。2C【解析】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段As the poem suggests, the Atlantic is never dead and dull. It is an ocean that moves, impressively and endlessly. It makes all kinds of noiseit is forever thundering, boiling, crashing, and whistling.可推知，本文选用Storm at Sea这首诗的目的是说明大西洋力量的强大，它会制造各种各样的噪音永远轰鸣、翻滚、冲击、呼啸，故选C项。3A【解析】词义猜测题。It is filled with symbiotic existences.之后的内容是对这一句的解释。根据画线单词上文中的a living creature和下文中的mix，harmony可知，symbiotic意为混合的，共生的，指的是那些难以想象的大量的生物，无论大小，都混合在一起共生。故选A。4B【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中的heartbeat心跳，psychology心理，personalities个性，品质可推知，作者把大西洋比作了一个有血有肉的人，故答案为B项。Passage3【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，讲述了银行新推出的针对青少年的理财服务赢家俱乐部。文章主要介绍了赢家俱乐部带给青少年理财方面的便利，以及如何申请会员。1C【解析】细节理解题。根据文章首段内容.specially designed or teenagers及.you can get to your money 24/7可排除A,B 项，根据第三段No account keeping fees!可排除D项，所以答案选C。2D【解析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段you will receive a FREE magazine full of good ideas to make even more of your money，选D。3D【解析】主旨大意题。从文章末段We cant wait to hear from youIts the best way to choose to be a winner可知作者希望更多的青少年能够加入，选D。Passage4【文章大意】本文是一篇社会文化类短文。用草做屋顶的房子是英伦诸岛上最早的建筑，直到今天还有800多人从事这个行业。用草做屋顶现在不仅是人们的住房，还包括一些教堂和城堡。但这与发展中国家不同，人们不是没钱建造更好的房子，而是这样的房子冬暖夏凉。1C【解析】推理判断题。文章第三段最后一句Many property owners choose thatch not only for its beauty but because they know it will keep them cool in summer and warm in winter。选C。2D【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段句子Thatching is a solitary (独立的) craft, which often runs in families，选D。3B【解析】推理判断题。文章第最后一段作者说However, they may lack the money to allow them to import the necessary materials.，所以选B。4C【解析】推理判断题。文章第一段描绘了一幅乡村美景，并说明Most people will agree that the thatched roof is an essential part of the attraction of the English countryside.结合后文英国人对这种房子的热爱，可判断选C。你学会了吗？你觉得难点在哪里？_
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