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专题02 代词在句中用来代替名词、名词短语或句子的词称为代词。代词可以在句子中作主语、宾语、表语或定语等。近3年来，高考重点考查不定代词，所考题量占所考代词总量的50%左右，其次是it的用法和替代词。试题的设计注重语境设置，要求考生将句子意思和句子结构联系起来选出正确的代词。因此，做题时要在熟练掌握各类代词基本用法的基础上，特别注意句意和句子结构的结合，只靠死背语法是很难奏效的。热点题型一 人称代词例1、 Surprisingly, Susans beautiful hair reached below her knees and made_almost an overcoat for her.A. themB. her C. itself D. herself【答案】C【提分秘籍】一般地说人称代词作主语用其主格；作宾语用其宾格；作定语用其形容词性物主代词；用名词性物主代词以代替“形容词性物主代词名词”。但口语中，在无动词的句子里，往往用代词的宾格形式。1用于无谓语的句子中Does any of you know why Jack hasnt come yet?你们有谁知道杰克怎么还没有到？Me.我。答语如果带谓语，就得用主格，如：I can.和I do，too./So do I.2表示惊奇、猜疑、反问、不满、厌烦等情绪Do you have good eyesight，young man?年轻人，你的视力好吗？Me? I can see a sparrow two hundred paces away.我？我能看见一只两百步外的云雀。What? Me fight a big chap like him? Not me!什么？我同像他那样的大个子打架？不会是我！3代替as，than等连词之后的主格(多用于口语中，尤其用于句末)Im not as tall as him (he)我没有他个子高。She is much more careful than me (I)她比我细心得多。当这类人称代词带有all，both等同位语时，用宾格的形式就更为常见了。如：He works harder than us all.他比我们所有人学习都刻苦。人称代词的格易错的几种情况：(1)那边的那座房子是属于我的。The house over there belongs to me.(这里学生易受汉语“我的”影响而误用mine。)(2)这个秘密只有你和我知道。The secret can be kept between you and me.(学生易受其前的you的影响而误用I。)(3)在闲暇之余我坚持自修英语。I insist on teaching myself English in my spare time.(学生易把宾语位置上的myself误用成me。)热点题型二 指示代词例2、The cruelty of the terrorists towards foreigners and_of the terrorists towards New York ten years ago filled everyone with horror.A. those B. oneC. that D. it【答案】C【解析】句意：恐怖分子对外国人的残忍以及恐怖分子十年前对纽约的残忍使每一个人都充满了恐惧。此题考查替代词。首先将本题改为：The cruelty of the terrorists towards foreigners and the cruelty of the terrorists towards New York ten years ago filled everyone with horror. cruelty作“残忍”讲时为不可数名词，故用that代替。one指代同类不同物；it指代同类同物；those指代可数名词复数。【提分秘籍】 1this/these，that/thosethis，these指代下面要说的内容；that，those指代上面陈述过的内容。如：What Id like to say about how to improve our spoken English is like this.关于如何提高我们的英语口语，我想说的如下。Thats all. Thank you.我的话完了。谢谢。(多用于演讲、口头通知的结束语)Salaries are higher here than those in my hometown.这里的薪水比我家乡的高。2一些习惯说法中this和that的用法比较固定Whos that？你是谁？(打电话用语)This is Mary.我是Mary。(打电话用语)Thats all right/OK.不用谢。(对感谢的答语)Thats nothing.没什么。(对道歉的答语)Thats that.就这么定了。(表示决定不能更改)Thats all.就这些了。That is.那就是3this，that有时可以用作副词，意为“这么，那么”，用在形容词或副词前作状语，表示程度It isnt all that cold.还没冷到那个程度。【举一反三】 _is the power of TV that it can make a person suddenly famous. ASuchBThis CThat DSo 【答案】A 【解析】句意：这就是电视的力量，它能使人突然成名。Such is.这就是；就是这样的。固定搭配。 热点题型三 不定代词 例3 I wish I could offer you some cake but theres _ left.A. nothing B. none C. nobody D. no one【答案】B【解析】none表示“没有一个，毫无”。语意：我希望给你一些蛋糕，可是一块儿都没有了。【提分秘籍】类别例词代替可数名词one, each, (a) few, many, both, another, either, neither代替不可数名词much, (a) little既可代替可数名词，也可代替不可数名词none, any, other, all, some复合不定代词anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something, everyone, everybody, everything几组易混不定代词：1some类不定代词与any类不定代词(1)some类不定代词多用于肯定句中；any类的多用于疑问句、否定句和条件状语从句中。如：Raise your hands if you have any questions.如果你们有问题，请举手。(2)但在表示客气的请求或不表示怀疑或希望对方给予肯定回答的疑问句中，要用some类的不定代词。如：Would you like something to drink?你要喝点什么吗？(3)any类的不定代词用在肯定句中，表示“任何(一个)；任何事情；无论什么”。如：She promised that she could do anything for you.她许诺能为你做任何事情。2. all, both, neither, none(1)all指三者或三者以上“都”，both指两者“都”。如：Both (of) his hands were wounded.他的两只手都受伤了。All (of) his fingers were wounded.他的手指都受伤了。(多于两个手指)(2)neither表示“两个都不”，常和of连用，放在带有冠词、物主代词或指示代词的复数名词之前，作主语时，谓语动词可以用单数或复数；none表示三个或三个以上“都不”，可用于人，也可用于物，后可接of短语，与复数名词、代词或单数集合名词连用作主语，指人时，谓语动词用单、复数皆可；指物时，只用第三人称单数形式。如：Neither of the twins is/are correct.那两个双胞胎都不正确。None of us has/have ever been to the Great Wall.我们没有人去过长城。3. any, either, each, every(1)any一般用于否定句、疑问句和条件句。用在肯定句中，以加强语气，表示“任一”的概念；也可以用来修饰可数名词单数，表示三者或三者以上中的“任何一个”。如：He has a better knowledge of physics than any one of us.他掌握的物理知识比我们任何一个的都好。以any开头的句子不可以用not来表示否定。如“Any child cant do that.”应改为：No child can do that.(2)either作代词，表示两者中的任何一个。如：Im afraid that either of them will not agree to this arrangement.我担心他们两人中有一个会不同意这样的安排。(3)each指两个或两个以上的人或物中的“每个”，侧重指个体，each作代词时常与of短语连用；every指三个或三个以上的人或物中的“每个”，有“所有，无一例外”的含义，相当于all，不能用作代词。试比较：Each of us has his own likes and dislikes.我们各有各的好恶。We want every child to succeed.我们希望每个孩子都成功。4. no，none, nothing, nobody(1)no不能单独使用，相当于not a(any)或not at all，作定语修饰可数名词或不可数名词。如：You have no sympathy for the sufferings of others.你对别人的痛苦没有同情心。(2)none既可以指人，也可以指物，侧重指三者或三者以上的人或物，用于回答how many/much引导的疑问句，可与介词of连用。如：None of the books is suitable for the young.这些书没有一本适合年轻人读。How many people are there in the room?屋内有多少人？None.没人。(3)nobody指人，用于回答who引导的疑问句；nothing指物，用于回答what引导的疑问句。如：Who is in the room？谁在屋内？Nobody.没有人。Nothing is too difficult if you put your heart into it.世上无难事，只怕有心人。(3)nobody指人，用于回答who引导的疑问句；nothing指物，用于回答what引导的疑问句。如：Who is in the room？谁在屋内？Nobody.没有人。Nothing is too difficult if you put your heart into it.世上无难事，只怕有心人。(2)one与that都可用来代替上文中出现的名词，one前要用定冠词the，有时that和the one可互换使用。如：The book isnt so interesting as the one/that you borrowed.这本书不如你借的那本有趣。(3)但that和one在多数情况下是不能互换的，主要区别在于：that既可代替可数名词，也可代替不可数名词，常要求有后置定语，一般不指人，复数形式为those。one只能代替可数名词单数，复数形式为ones。当可数名词前有形容词修饰时，只能用one，不用that。当of短语作可数名词的后置定语时，用that，不用one。如：The best cigarettes are those from Yunnan.最好的香烟是那些来自云南的。The boy told me his story and that of the girl next door.这位男孩跟我讲了他以及隔壁女孩的故事。Your coat is blue, and my new one is green.你的大衣是蓝色的，我的新大衣是绿色的。(4)the ones用来代替上文提到的特指的复数名词，有时可以用those代替，尤其在有后置定语的情况下。如：The books on the desk are better than those/the ones under the desk.桌上的那些书比桌下的书好。6another, other, others, more(1)another既可以单独使用，也可以用于单数名词前，泛指三者或三者以上中的“另外某一个人或物”。还可以用“another数量词复数名词”，表示“再，又”。如：Was there another way out?还有别的路可以出去吗？Wed better wait another five minutes.我们最好再等五分钟。表示“另外一个学生”只能用another student，不能说成another one student。(2)other不能单独使用，应用于复数名词前，表示另外的某些人或物，也可以用在some，any，no之后，或具体数词之后，再接名词，构成“不定代词或具体数词other名词”；接单数名词，还可以用在冠词the后，特指两个人或物中的另外一个(可以省略为the other)，或特指另外的某些人或物(可以省略为the others)，others泛指“其他的(事物)，别人”。如：One remained and the other went away.一个留下了，另一个走了。We should learn to treat others as equals.我们应该学会平等待人。注意在固定结构中的理解。another day改天；the other day几天前。(3)more既可修饰可数名词，又可修饰不可数名词。一般放在some，any，much，many等不定代词及具体数词之后，构成“不定代词或具体数词more名词”。如：We need a few more.我们还需要几个。如果后面没有名词，我们一般使用“不定代词或具体数词others”或“不定代词或具体数词more”。7something，anything，everything，nothing(1)something一般用于肯定句中，也可以用于表示邀请、征询意见的委婉问句中。如：Could you do something for me?请为我做点事好吗？(2)anything用在否定句、疑问句或条件句中。如：There isnt anything inside.里面什么也没有。(3)everything意为“一切事物”，可用于肯定句或疑问句中。用于否定句时，表示部分否定，全部否定要用nothing或not anything。如：I hope everything goes well.我希望一切顺利。Money isnt everything.金钱并非是万能的。(4)nothing表示“什么也没有”，常用于陈述句，表示否定意义，不能与否定词连用。如：He said nothing when he heard the news.他听到这个消息时，什么都没有说。(1)somebody/someone，anybody/anyone，everybody/ everyone，nobody/no one的用法同上。(2)复合不定代词作主语时谓语动词用单数；被形容词或其他的定语修饰时，定语要后置。【举一反三】 We have two seats free here. Which one would you like?_！ My mother is coming to see the film with me.A. None B. NeitherC. All D. Both【答案】D热点题型四 反身代词 例4、 Isnt it amazing how the human body heals _ after an injury?A. himself B. him C. itself D. it【答案】C【解析】通过题干可知宾语与the human body所指相同，所以用其反身代词itself，选C。【提分秘籍】 1反身代词在句中可以作宾语、表语、并列主语，以及名词、代词的同位语The text itself is very easy.这篇课文本身很简单。(主语的同位语)(Either) Jane or yourself will go there.要么Jane去，要么你亲自去。(作并列主语，但不能单独作主语)2主语与宾语是同一个人时，应当用反身代词teach oneself, enjoy oneself, help oneself, throw oneself, look after oneself, say to oneself3在系动词后作表语，常用于否定句，表示身体不适I dont know whats the matter with me. Im not myself today.4用在交际英语中Help yourself！随便吃！(宴请礼仪)自己拿吧！(借物用语)Make yourself at home！别客气！Dont upset yourself！别自寻烦恼了！5辨别几组搭配by oneself独自，单独；for oneself独自地，靠自己的力量；of oneself自动地；to oneself独占，独用热点题型五 it的用法 例5、 Do you think_ _possible to work out a correct figure of the income that the Expo will bring to China?A. that B. thisC. one D. it【答案】D【解析】此处it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的to work out a correct figure of the income that the Expo will bring to China。【提分秘籍】在英语中，运用it的场合较多。从它在句中的作用和意义来看，it的用法可分为三类：1指代作用(1)用作人称代词，代替前文或后文所提到的同一事物(单数或不可数名词)。如：Although we cannot see it，there is air all around us.虽然我们看不见空气，但它却在我们的周围。(2)代替前面的整个句子。如：It is said that he has died of a disease, but it isnt true.据说他已经病死了，但这不是真的。(3)用在答语中代替指示代词this，that。如：What is this？这是什么？Its a bike.是自行车。(4)代替不能或没有必要区分性别的或某些习惯说法中的人。如：The baby cried because it was hungry.婴儿哭是因为饿了。(婴儿习惯上不区分性别)Who is knocking at the door？谁在敲门？Its me.是我。(5)指环境、情形等。如：I cant stand it any longer.我再也不能容忍这种情况了。Take it easy.别紧张。It doesnt matter.没关系。(6)指度量衡单位、时间、距离、季节、天气及自然现象。如：Its getting colder and colder now.现在越来越冷了。It is winter now.现在是冬天了。2形式作用(1)形式主语当动词不定式、ving形式或从句作主语时，通常把它们放在谓语之后，而用it作句子的形式主语。如：Its very kind of you to repair the machine for us.谢谢你为我们修理这台机器。It is no use asking himhe doesnt know anything.问他没有用他什么也不知道。It appeared that nothing could make him give up.看来他无论如何也不肯放弃。【特别提醒】(1)不要与there is no.“没有”混淆。试比较：Its no good worrying about it like that.像那样担心它没有好处。There is no need/time/chance to worry about it like that.没有必要/时间/机会像那样担心它。(2)形式主语与主句间不用逗号分隔；as引导前置定语从句时，与主句间不能用that连接，必须用逗号隔开。不要把这两个相似的结构混淆。如：众所周知，地球是圆的。As is known to us that the earth is round.It is known to us that the earth is round.As is known to us, the earth is round.(2)形式宾语当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式、ving形式或宾语从句时，往往把真正的宾语放在补足语后面，而用it作形式宾语，放在宾语补足语之前。如：You must make it clear to them that the situation is serious.你必须向他们表明形势是严峻的。They thought it difficult to talk to the guests about the requirement.他们认为向客人提出要求是很困难的。【特别提醒】形式宾语用在“主语谓语动词宾语”结构中，谓语动词appreciate，dislike，hate，like，love，make(按时到达，成功)等后接由if或when等引导的从句时，往往在从句前加形式宾语it。如：I would appreciate it if you paid in cash.如果你能支付现金的话，我将感激不尽。The boy likes it when you do that.那个男孩喜欢你那样做。3强调作用it可以用来改变句子的结构，使句子的某一成分得到强调。强调句型的基本结构为：It is/was所强调的成分that/who/whom其他成分。(具体用法请参阅第12讲特殊句式)【举一反三】 When shall we meet again to discuss our plan?Any time you feel like_.A. one B. soC. it D. that【答案】C【解析】句意：我们什么时间再见面讨论一下计划？你想什么时间都可以。it用在表示喜好或憎恶的词后，指代前文提到的事。 1.【2016浙江】3. In many ways , the education system in the US is not very different from _in the UK.A. that B. this C. one D. it【答案】A【考点】考查代词。【2015重庆】2. The meeting will be held in September, but_ knows the date for sure.A.everybody B. nobody C. anybody D. somebody【答案】B 【解析】句意：会议将在九月举行，但没有人知道确切的日期。根据but表达转折可知没有人知道，故选B项。【2015天津】2. The quality of education in this small school is better than _ in some larger schools.A. thatB. oneC. it D. this【答案】A【解析】句意：这所小学校的教育质量要好于一些大学校。句中代词代指不可数名词the quality of education，故用代词that。代词it和one都代指可数名词单数。故选A。【2015陕西】13. To warm himself, the sailor sat in front of the fire rubbing one bare foot against .A. another B. the other C. other D. either 【答案】B【解析】句意：为了提醒自己，这个水手坐在火前面一只光脚摩擦另外一只脚。因为人有两只脚，一只是one，另外一只是the other，所以选B。1(2014四川卷)Shed lived in London and Manchester，but she liked _ and moved to Cambridge.【答案】neither【解析】考查代词。句意：她曾在伦敦和曼彻斯特住过，但她都不喜欢，于是迁居到剑桥。语境表明空格处用表示二者完全否定的不定代词。none用于三者或三者以上的否定，neither用于二者的完全否定。2(2014重庆卷)A smile costs _，but gives much.【答案】nothing【解析】本题考查不定代词的特殊用法。句意：一个微笑不值什么钱，但是却给予很多。根据but的转折关系，以及后面的much可推断出前面空格处所填的词在意义上与之相反。nothing表示“不值钱，不花钱”的意思，符合句意。3(2014浙江卷)An average of just 18.75 cm of rain fell last year，making_the driest year since California became a state in 1850.【答案】it4(2014陕西卷)Id appreciate _ if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come.【答案】it【解析】本题考查替代词。句意：如果你能提前让我知道你是否会来，我将很感激。Id appreciate it if.意为“如果我将不胜感激”，这是appreciate的固定句式。5(2014江西卷)When shall I call，in the morning or afternoon?_.Ill be in all day.【答案】Either【解析】考查不定代词。句意：“我什么时候打电话，上午还是下午？”“随便什么时候都可以，我一整天都在。”表示两个时间“任何一个”都行，用either。6(2014江苏卷)Good families are much to all their members，but_to none.【答案】everything【解析】本题考查不定代词。本题这句话来自Jane Howard做出的有关家庭的思考。其句意是：优秀的家庭对她的成员们来说意味着很多，但并不是一切(everything)。7(2014安徽卷)You can ask anyone for help._here is willing to lend you a hand.【答案】Everyone【解析】考查不定代词。根据前一句“You can ask anyone for help”可知，每一个人都愿意帮助你。故填Everyone。句意：你可以向任何一个人求助，这里的每一个人都愿意帮助你。8(2014福建卷)In some countries，people eat with chopsticks，while in_，knives and forks.【答案】others【解析】本题考查代词。句意：在一些国家里，人们用筷子吃饭，而在_，人们用刀叉吃饭。others“其他的”，表示泛指。根据句中的关键词some countries(一些国家)可知，空格处表示“其他的国家”，所以填others。9(2014大纲全国卷)Whos that at the door?_is the milkman.【答案】It【解析】考查代词it。代词it可指代上文提到的人或物。此处应用it指代上句中的“在门口的那个人”。1. The employment rate has continued to rise in big cities thanks to the efforts of the local governments to increase _ _.A. them B. thoseC. it D. that【答案】C2.Would you like tea or coffee?_， thank you. Ive just had some water.A. Either B. BothC. Any D. Neither【答案】D【解析】either指两者之一；both指两者都；any指三者或者三者以上中的任何一个；neither指两者都不。句意：你喜欢茶还是咖啡？都不要，谢谢。我刚喝了水。由句意可知，D项符合题意。3. I knew that_would ever discourage him; he would never give up wanting to be a director.A. something B. anythingC. everything D. nothing【答案】D【解析】something“(未明的)某事”；anything“无论什么事”；everything“每一件事”；nothing“没什么事”。句意：我知道没有什么事情可以使他气馁。他将决不会放弃成为一名导演的梦想。故选D项。4. I got this bicycle for_：My friend gave it to me when she bought a new one.A. everything B. somethingC. anything D. nothing【答案】D【解析】根据“My friend gave it to me”可知，我白白得到了这辆自行车，因此用nothing, get sth. for nothing表示“白白得到某物”。句意：我白白得到了这辆自行车：当我的朋友买了一辆新自行车的时候，她把这辆送给了我。5.Would you get me a bar of chocolate from the kitchen, dear?_one?A. Other B. EveryC. Another D. More【答案】C【解析】根据语境可以判断，这是在家庭中夫妻之间的对话，根据one后面的问号可以推断，此处表示“还要再吃一块巧克力？”，显然是觉得对方已经吃的够多了。6. There is_in his words. We should have a try.A. something B. anythingC. nothing D. everything【答案】A【解析】句意：他话中有话，我们应试一试。something“某事；值得注意的事”。7. Why dont you bring_to his attention that youre too ill to work on?A. that B. itC. this D. him【答案】B【解析】句意：为什么不让他注意到你病得太厉害以至于无法再继续工作呢？题中it作bring的形式宾语，后面的that从句为真正的宾语。8. The two girls are so alike that strangers find_difficult to tell one from the other.A. it B. them C. her D. that【答案】A【解析】it可以作形式主语或形式宾语，而将真正的主语或宾语后置。句意：这两个女孩子长得如此相像，陌生人感觉难以区分彼此。it在find后充当其形式宾语，而将真正的宾语不定式结构放后，difficult为宾语补足语，以此来避免头重脚轻。而其他选项皆不能充当形式主语或形式宾语。9. We feel_our duty to make our country a better place.A. it B. this C. that D. one【答案】A【解析】it可用作形式宾语，代替用来作形式宾语的动名词、不定式或从句。但this, that和one均不能作形式宾语。本句中动词不定式to make our country a better place是真正的宾语。句意：我们感到使我们的祖国成为更美好的地方是我们的责任。故选A项。10. We have various summer camps for your holidays. You can choose_based on your own interests.A. either B. eachC. one D. it【答案】C11. When_comes to baseball, Dorothy knows little about it.A. this B. thatC. it D. one【答案】C【解析】“when it comes to.”是固定句式，表示“当涉及某事(或做某事)时”。12. The medium believes the price of petrol will rise by more than_two percent.A. other B. anotherC. any other D. the other【答案】B【解析】语意表示石油的价格将会再上涨多于两个百分点，another表示“另一，又一”。13. I just choose a simpler lifestyle, _ where I can ride my bike all over and do not have to make a great living to survive.A. that B. it C. one D. another【答案】C【解析】句意：我只是选择了一种更简单的生活方式，一种可以到处骑自行车，不必生活得很好的生活方式。one是a simpler lifestyle的同位语。14.Which of these two magazines will you take?Ill take _， in case the journey is boring.A. all B. eitherC. both D. neither【答案】C【解析】根据上一句中two magazines提示，并结合答语“以免旅途无聊”可知，我两本都要拿，所以用both，答案选C项。15.Hurry up! Theres a bus coming!Why run? There will be_one in two or three minutes.A. another B. otherC. the other D. any other【答案】A【解析】语意表示在两三分钟内还有“另外一”辆公共汽车，another表示“又一，另一”，符合语意。16. This is a simple idea, but _ _which is hard to put_into practice.A. one; 不填 B. the one; itC. that; it D. one; it【答案】A17. _ interested in the position are asked to see the manager tomorrow.A. Whoever B. Who C. Anyone D. Those【答案】D【解析】those interested in the position相当于those who are interested in the position，过去分词短语interested in the position作后置定语，修饰代词those。 18. Mrs. Smith managed to settle the quarrel between Michael and Allen without hurting the feelings of_.A. neither B. noneC. either D. both【答案】C【解析】根据语意可知，史密斯太太设法调停了迈克尔与艾伦两个人之间的争吵，并且没有使他们任何一方的感情受到伤害，因此选择either，指两者中的任何一个。neither“两者都不”；none“没有一个，毫无”；both“两者都”。both不用于否定意义的句子，而either可以。19. He paid 30% of the price for the house, and promised to pay_by the end of the month.A. those B. the othersC. the rest D. the other【答案】C【解析】从句意“承诺剩下的在月底支付”可知，the rest表示“剩下的”，常用来指代前面提到的名词，选C项。20. Will you see to _ that my birds are well looked after while I am away?A. them B. yourselfC. it D. me【答案】C【解析】句意：在我离开期间你能不能负责照顾好我的鸟？it是形式宾语，代替后面的that从句。
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